1 Presenters Brett Weiss, Gabe Martinez, Brian Kroeger. Topics to be covered: Cable identification Purpose of the various cable types Installation techniques Building Infrastructure Overview of networking equipment Abandoned cable removal 2 1
10/14/2009 All cables have a label which shows: Manufacturer s name Number of conductors Gauge of the conductor The rating of the cable UL seal. Distance markers. 3 4 2
10/14/2009 5 6 3
7 Twisted Pair Voice and Data CMP - Communications Plenum Used in plenum spaces Rated for fire resistance and low smoke characteristics CMR - Communications Riser Used in vertical runs in a shaft Rated for fire resistance Used in wood construction and ducted return ceilings CMG, CM - Communications General Purpose Used within conduit Rated for fire resistance to a lesser extent CMX - Communications Limited Use Used for residential applications Resistant to flame spread 8 4
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair Cat3, Cat5, Cat6 Voice and Data Audio Video STP Shielded Twisted Pair Not used in US Voice and Data Audio Video 18/2, 16/2, 14/2 Solid or stranded conductor Audio speaker Security Access Control Coax CATV (Community Access Television) 9 10 Gig Cat5e Cat6 Cat5 Cat5E Cat3 10 5
Cat3 10 mbs data Telephone Cable Relatively inexpensive $.15 per foot Rarely used except by phone system installer 11 Cat5 10/100mbs data Telephone cable Building Systems, Fire Alarm, Security $.21 per foot Cat5e 10/100mbs data Telephone cable Building Systems, Fire Alarm, Security $.27 per foot Cat5E 10/100 data, gigabit speed in short run, small office networks Telephone cable Building Systems, Fire Alarm, Security $.34 per foot 12 6
Cat6 Commonly installed for both voice and data Gigabit data $.47 per foot Cat6A Latest and Greatest 10 gigabit over copper No electronics support 10 gig yet Testing parameters established $.99 per foot 13 Fiber can be run greater distances compared to copper. Fiber is immune to EMI Fiber provides higher bandwidth Fiber provides a more secure connection Expensive Single-mode Multimode 14 7
Single Mode Single ray of light Long haul fiber Greater bandwidth Very expensive Carries service to your building 15 Multimode Communications over shorter distance Within buildings or campus 10Gbit/s up to 600 meters Compare to 1 Gbit/s 90 meters Cat6 62.5 micron or 50 micron 6 Strand Common One strand send, one receive 16 8
RG59 Was used primarily for cable installations Currently used for closed circuit television RG6 Cable TV and Satellite Latest use for cable modems/internet RG11 Used for long drops Outside plant A outer plastic sheath B Copper Screen C Inner dielectric insulator D Copper Core 17 Security Cable Multiple conductors under single jacket Occasionally Cat5 is used Stranded and solid core conductor Usually has a foil shield to eliminate interference Jacket should be white for easy identification 18 9
Fire Alarm Multiple conductors under single jacket Primarily solid core conductor Usually has a foil shield to eliminate interference Jacket should be red for easy identification 19 Audio Overhead paging and music speakers Two to four conductors under a single jacket Stranded conductors In rare cases foil surrounds the conductors Do not use the clear jacketed wire. 12 gauge to 20 gauge 16 gauge will usually fill most needs 20 10
COAX 75 ohm Satellite and Cable to receiver box Composite (Good) Yellow RCA - single analog signal Does not carry audio S-Video (Better) Round Connector 4 pins Separates video into gray scale and color Does not carry audio Component (Mo Better) Three RCA cables separates reds, greens and blues Does not carry audio HDMI (Best) Digital HD connection Carries digital audio 21 Standards BICSI Building Industry Consulting Service International. EIA Electronic Industries Alliance TIA Telecommunications Industry Association NFPA National Fire Protection Association NEC National Electric Code 22 11
NEC 2005 Article 300.11 Securing and Supporting (A) Secured in place Raceways, cable assemblies, boxes, cabinets, and fittings shall be securely fastened in place. Support wires that do not provide secure support shall not be permitted as the sole support. Support wires and associated fittings that provide secure support and that are installed in addition to the ceiling grid support wires shall be permitted as the sole support. Where independent support wires are used, they shall be secured at both ends. Cables and raceways shall not be supported by ceiling grids. (C) Cable wiring methods shall not be used as a means of support for other cables, raceways, or non-electrical equipment 23 NEC 2008 Article 800.21 Access to Electrical Equipment Behind Panels Designed to Allow Access Access to electrical equipment shall not be denied by an accumulation of wires and cables that prevents removal of panels, including suspended ceiling panels. 24 12
NEC 2008 Article 800.24 Mechanical Execution of Work Communications circuits and equipment shall be installed in a neat and workmanlike manner. Cables installed exposed on the surface of ceilings and sidewalls shall be supported by the building structure in such a manner that the cable will not be damaged by normal building use. Such cables shall be secured by straps, staples, hangers or similar fittings designed and installed so as not to damage the cable. 25 Cable Hangers J-Hook Cable Saddle Cable Tray All cable should be supported every 5 26 13
Power Separation EMR Electromagnetic Interference Avoid crossing fluorescent lighting fixtures Avoid running near electric motors Do not run data cables parallel to electrical wiring Cross electrical wiring at 90 Maximum Distance Horizontal Channel - 328 patch cord to patch cord. Cable run 300 27 Entrance Facility Vertical Backbone Pathways Riser Room Telecom Room MDF IDF Server Closet 28 14
Entrance Facility Telecommunications service enters into a building Backbone pathways linking to other buildings Contains public network devices Contains telecommunications equipment Dry Area Near vertical backbone pathways 29 Entrance Facility Fiber Connections 30 15
10/14/2009 Entrance Facility 900 pair splice Split into 25 pair cables 31 32 Entrance Facility 25 pair cables Bonding Repeating Distribution 16
10/14/2009 Entrance Facility 25 pair cables Bonding Repeating 33 Entrance Facility MUX Multiplexer Combines multiple signals into single connection Connects to incoming fiber optic cable 34 17
10/14/2009 Vertical Backbone Pathway Riser Room Telecom Room Distribution point of telecommunications on a floor Should remain neat Label all cables passing through risers 35 Vertical Backbone Pathway Riser Room Telecom Room Usually one of the messiest rooms on the floor. 36 18
Main Distribution Frame MDF Main computer room for servers, hubs, routers, etc Intermediate Distribution Frame IDF Remote closet connected to MDF by fiber or copper. Hubs Patch panels 37 Server Room Data Rack Server Cabinet Server Networking Equipment Patch Panel Router Hub Switch UPS 38 19
UPS Smart Jack Server Patch Panel Router Hub Switch UPS Smart Jack 66 block 39 Server Room Patch Panel - rear Provides the termination point of the work area outlet. 40 20
10/14/2009 Server Room Patch Panel - front Provides a splice to connect work area outlet to hub 41 Server Room Traffic Control Hub Free flow of traffic Collisions Hampered movement Switch Some traffic control 4 way stop First come first server Router Complete control Stop light Direction is contoled 42 21
10/14/2009 Uninterruptible Power Supply UPS Provides continuous power to the networking equipment 43 Smart Jack Incoming T1 service 44 22
NEC 2002 Article 800 Communications Circuits 800.2 Abandoned Cable Installed communications cable that is not terminated at both ends at a connector or other equipment and not identified for future use with a tag 800.52 The accessible portion of abandoned communications cables shall not be permitted to remian 45 National Fire Protection Agency Fuel Load Toxic Gases Weight 46 23
Removal Techniques Exercise Caution - Building Systems HVAC Security Fire Alarm Floor Jacks Start from the wall plate Always cut dead ends below ceiling tile Call a professional 47 Brett Weiss 512-799-3625 Gabe Martinez 512-466-2484 Brian Kroeger 512-736-2647 48 24