Midroc SWPTC Big Glenn and Göteborg Wind Lab Ola Carlson Stockholm 20130820
Torque measurements with constant and variabel speed Measurements from Chalmers test wind turbine 1986 Constant speed Variabel speed Nm 175 Nm 175 100 100 25 0 20 40 60 80 tid (s) 25 0 20 40 60 80 tid (s) Large torque rippel High mechanical forces Long lifetime of gearbox Small influence on power quality
Installed capacity with RC &CE (Both reactive power compensation & wind power curtailment) Power (MW) 20 15 10 5 With curtailment of 0.2% and using PF control of wind turbines the penetration is boosted by almost 118% 0 1 2 3 4 4.5 NA CE RC RC & CE
Frequency Responce with and without Wind Power Load Hydro 50.5 0.1 50 Frequency [H z] 49.5 49 48.5 48 47.5 47 Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Time [s] E x tra p o w e r o u tp u t [p u ] 0.05 0 Case 1-100 % Hydro unit response Case 4-50% WPR - Hydro unit response Case 4-50% WPR - WT inertia support -0.05 0 5 10 15 20 Time [s]
Test station in Cold Climate Pre-study carried out Market increases Energy losses due to ice is not acceptable Some wind turbine manufactures interested Organization is under development Cooperation is important
VÄRLDENS SKILLNAD
Goals Build up component and system know-how related to complete wind power turbines in order to bring about the following: Well-renowned Swedish development and production of complete wind turbines in Sweden Well-renowned Swedish development and production of sub-systems: mechanical driveline gearbox axis yaw and pitch mechanisms turbine blades tower generator transformers High-quality training of engineers with expertise in wind power
Partners
Personnel SWPTC At university: 12 senior researcher - professors 8 PhD students 2 technicians At industry in parallel research and development projects: 25 experienced technical experts Totally: 47 persons working at university and in industry
Ongoing projects within SWPTC TG6-1,2 Could climate TG1-6 LIDAR TG1-1- model predictive control TG5-2 Current induced damages in bearings TG1-2 Electrical drives TG2-1 Aerodynamic loads TG4-2 Blade development TG3-1 Drive Train Dynamics TG1-5 Measuring of a Wind Turbine TG1-4 Grid code testing by VSC-HVDC TG3-2 Optimal drivline TG4-1 Structural Dynamics Models TG5-1 Load- and risk-based maintenance
Grid Code Testing General Electric design and install, Göteborg Energi operate: Chalmers cooperation: Validation of models for mechanical and electrical systems Develop and carry out Grid code tests of the wind turbine 4 MW General Electric 8 MW HVDC-light converter
HVDC Göteborg System Grid HVDC HVDC Wind turbine GE 4.1 MW
Grid Code testing by Voltage Source Converters Göteborg Energi & Chalmers and GE??? Current measurement RCL-filter Voltage[pu] Danish LVRT profile LVRT 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 Time [s] 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Voltage[pu] Controlled VSC1 out 2 PCC voltage 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00-0.20-0.40-0.60-0.80-1.00 (a) Surge arrester and breaker Time [s] 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 (b) LVRT TEST. (a) Danish grid code, (b) Controlled PCC voltage. Simulation results from PSCAD calculations. Voltage measurement Department of Energy and Environment Nicolás Espinoza and Ola Carlson Division of Electric Power Engineering
Lab test at Electric Power Engineering
Proposal and Idée's for Testing and Research Test of Ride trough and other parts of the grid codes on the GE 4MW Development of tests performance for the standard IEC -61 400-21 : Measurements and assessments of Power Quality characteristics of grid connected wind turbines and other grid codes. Tests with voltage dips/swells, unbalance, phase angle shifts, Emulate different types of grids to test the GE 4 MW operation in different conditions, as well as Sub Synchronous Resonances. Develop methods for investigation of the conditions in the grid. Development and testing of measurement techniques and procedures for; energy in the DC-link, losses in the high voltage converter.
Chalmers projects HVDC-grid (Chalmers Energy Initiative, SP) Operational Planning of Electric Power System with Multi-terminal VSC-HVDC (Feng) HVDC Grids from An Automatic Control Perspective (Gustavo) A study on linear MIMO-control applied to Multi-terminal VSC-HVDC system (Yujiao) HVDC-wind (SWPTC, Nordic/ABB, STEM-HVDC) Grid Code testing by VSC-HVDC (Nicolas) Stability of HVDC grids Converter interactions (Georgios) Design and analysis of meshed HVDC Transmission grid for offshore wind farms and external AC Grids (Kalid)
Offshore Wind Electric system Project 1 High voltage generator G dc/dc converters Multi terminal HVDC Project 2 Components, system, modeling Theory studies, simulations, Measurements in laboratory and in field operation Project 3 3 PhD & 2 researchers + Nordic (5 persons)
Proposed test and demonstration in Göteborg
VÄRLDENS SKILLNAD
Användning av frekvensomriktare för test av Grid Codes Ola Carlson, Chalmers Nicolas Espinoza, Chalmers Abdullah Al Mahfazur Rahman, Chalmers Niklas Almgren, Göteborg Energi VÄRLDENS SKILLNAD
Under-voltage immunity limit, Ride-Through,
Provschema för test av spänningssänkning
Forskning och teknikutveckling 1. Teoribildning 2. Simuleringar 3. Laboratorieförsök 4. Full skala
System diagram in PSCAD/EMTD PCC Vindkraftverk Transformator Kabel Frekvensomriktare som skapar spänningssänkning
Exempel på: Low voltage ride through Fault ride through profile generated in PSCAD 1.40 a1 Signal_generator : Graphs Fault ride through profile [p.u] 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00-0.20-0.40 Time [s] 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50 3.75.........
Control signal for the PWM of VSC 2.00 Vref_A Vref_B Vref_C C ontrol Voltage for PW M [p.u ] 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00-0.50-1.00-1.50-2.00 Time [s] 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60......
Spänning vid PCC 2.00 V_pccA V_pccC V_pccB 1.50 V o t a g e s a t P C C [ p. u ] 1.00 0.50 0.00-0.50-1.00-1.50-2.00 Time [s] 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60