Additional species records of Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) fauna of Eastern Blacksea Region (Turkey)

Review of Hydrobiology www.reviewofhydrobiology.com 6,1: 81-89 (2013) ISSN 1308-4119 RESEARCH ARTICLE Additional species records of Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) fauna of Eastern Blacksea Region (Turkey) ÖZGE BAŞÖREN¹ AND NİLGÜN KAZANCI¹* ¹Hacettepe University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Hydrobiology Section Ankara, Turkey [ * Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Nilgün Kazancı, nilgunkazanci@gmail.com] ABSTRACT 1. The samples were collected from 16 sites in Eastern Blacksea region in 2006, 2008 and 2009. 2. Eight species (Prosimulium fulvipes, Prosimulium tomosvaryi, Simulium (Nevermannia) cryophilum, Simulium (Nevermannia) vernum, Simulium (Simulium) hispaniola, Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum, Simulium (Wilhelmia) lineatum, Simulium (Wilhelmia) pseudequinum) belonging to two genera (Prosimulium and Simulium) were recorded. 3. The most abundant species was Prosimulium tomosvaryi (47%). KEY WORDS: Blackflies, Eastern Black Sea region, European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD), fauna, running water, Simuliidae, Turkey. 81

Review of Hydrobiology www.reviewofhydrobiology.com 6,1: 81-89 (2013) ISSN 1308-4119 RESEARCH ARTICLE Doğu Karadeniz (Türkiye) Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) faunasına ek tür kayıtları ÖZGE BAŞÖREN¹ VE NİLGÜN KAZANCI¹ * ¹ Hacettepe Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü Hidrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı Ankara, Türkiye [ * İletişim: Prof. Dr. Nilgün Kazancı, nilgunkazanci@gmail.com] ÖZ 1. Örnekler, 2006, 2008 ve 2009 tarihlerinde, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi nde bulunan 16 istasyondan toplanmıştır. 2. İki cinse (Prosimulium ve Simulium) ait 8 tür (Prosimulium fulvipes, Prosimulium tomosvaryi, Simulium (Nevermannia) cryophilum, Simulium (Nevermannia) vernum, Simulium (Simulium) hispaniola, Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum, Simulium (Wilhelmia) lineatum, Simulium (Wilhelmia) pseudequinum) kaydedilmiştir. 3. En fazla rastlanan tür Prosimulium tomosvaryi (% 47) dir. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Akarsu, Avrupa Birliği Su Çerçeve Direktifi (SÇD), Doğu Karedeniz Bölgesi, fauna, kara sinekler, Simuliidae, Türkiye. 82

Additional species records of Simuliidae (Diptera, Insecta) fauna of Eastern Blacksea Region (Turkey) INTRODUCTION Simuliidae larvae and pupae are significant members of the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of lotic ecosystems. Filter-feeding larvae contribute to the nutrient cycle and play a key role in running water ecosystems (Zhang et al. 1998, Bernotiene 2006, Kazancı and Ertunç 2010, Başören (Ertunç) and Kazancı 2011). Distribution of certain species is restricted by various abiotic and biotic factors. Any changes in river conditions affect the larvae and pupae of Simuliidae and they leave their habitat (Rubtsov 1990). The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) (Council of the European Union 2000) provides the general concept for water management and water protection in Europe. Benthic macroinvertebrates are the most commonly used organisms for biomonitoring studies because of their advantages (Rosenberg and Resh 1993, Johnson et al. 2006). It is important that Simuliidae specimens, like other benthic macroinvertebrate taxa, were identified to species level for EU Water Framework Directive studies. In this research, eight Simuliidae species were recorded from 16 sites in Eastern Black Sea region. This study was carried out in 2006, 2008 and 2009. Prosimulium tomosvaryi, Simulium (Nevermannia) cryophilum, Simulium (Nevermannia) vernum, Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum were recorded for the first time in this region. This research is a part of Özge Ertunç Başören s PhD thesis titled A Research on Determination of Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) Fauna of Eastern Blacksea Region and Habitat Quality of Species According to the European Union Water Framework Directive and this study is continuation of previous work (Başören and Kazancı 2012). MATERIALS AND METHODS Simuliidae samples were collected from river and streams in Eastern Black Sea Region in 2006, 2008 and 2009. Larvae and pupae of Simuliidae were taken from 16 sites by standard net and by hand from each type of habitat at each site. Samples were preserved in 80% ethyl alcohol (ethanol). Leica MZ75 stereomicroscope and Olympus CX21FS1 binocular microscope were used for identifications. Simuliidae species were identified according to Rubtsov (1990), Lechthaler and Car (2005), Crosskey and Zwick (2007). 83

ÖZGE BAŞÖREN AND NİLGÜN KAZANCI RESULTS AND DISCUSSION As a result of this study, eight species (Prosimulium fulvipes, Prosimulium tomosvaryi, Simulium (Nevermannia) cryophilum, Simulium (Nevermannia) vernum, Simulium (Simulium) hispaniola, Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum, Simulium (Wilhelmia) lineatum, Simulium (Wilhelmia) pseudequinum) belonging to two genera (Prosimulium and Simulium) were determined from 16 collecting sites. Total number of individuals was 486 (337 larvae, 149 pupae). The most abundant species was Prosimulium tomosvaryi (47%). This species is widely distributed from western Europe to the Transcaucasus (Lechthaler and Car 2005, Crosskey and Zwick 2007). Three of identified species (Simulium (Simulium) hispaniola, Simulium (Wilhelmia) lineatum, Simulium (Wilhelmia) pseudequinum) were previously recorded in Eastern Black Sea region (Kazancı and Ertunç 2008a,b). Although Prosimulium tomosvaryi, Simulium (Nevermannia) cryophilum, Simulium (Nevermannia) vernum, Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum were recorded for the first time in this region, they are widespread throughout Europe. Therefore, record of these three species can be expected in Caucasus and Eastern Black Sea region. Prosimulium tomosvaryi, Simulium (Nevermannia) vernum, Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum previously recorded in Western Black Sea region (Şirin 2001, Crosskey and Zwick 2007, Ertunç et al. 2008, Kazancı and Ertunç 2008a,b). Genus Prosimulium Roubaud 1906 Prosimulium fulvipes (Edwards 1921) Rize: Ovit Mountain-2, 19.07.2008, 1 pupa; Rize: Anzer Plateau-4, 22.07.2008, 3 pupae; Rize: Anzer Plateau-5, 22.07.2008, 8 pupae. According to Adler and Crosskey (2012), this species was recorded in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia and Turkey but there is any information about the distribution of this species in Turkey. Prosimulium tomosvaryi (Enderlein 1921) Giresun: Kümbet Plateau-2, 01.06.2009, 86 larvae, 4 pupae; Giresun: Kümbet Plateau-3, 01.06.2009, 12 larvae, 6 pupae; Giresun: Kümbet Plateau-4, 02.06.2009, 1 larva, 11 pupae; Gümüşhane: Zigana Passage-2, 05.06.2009, 110 pupae. 84

Additional species records of Simuliidae (Diptera, Insecta) fauna of Eastern Blacksea Region (Turkey) This species distributes from western Europe to the Transcaucasus (Crosskey and Zwick 2007). In Turkey, it is known from Büyük Melen River and Sakarya River Basin (Şirin 2001, 2002, Kazancı and Ertunç 2008a). This species was recorded from Eastern Black Sea region for the first time. Genus Simulium Latreille 1802 Subgenus Nevermannia Enderlein 1921 Simulium (Nevermannia) cryophilum (Rubtsov 1959) Rize: Anzer Plateau-3, 21.07.2008, 2 larvae; Rize: Anzer Plateau-5, 22.07.2008, 37 larvae; Rize: Anzer Plateau-7, 22.07.2008, 2 larvae; Giresun: Kümbet Plateau-2, 01.06.2009, 7 larvae; Giresun: Kümbet Plateau-3, 01.06.2009, 35 larvae. This species distributes in Europe (Crosskey and Howard 2004). In Turkey, it is known from Büyük Menderes River Basin, Esen Stream (Muğla Province) (Clergue- Gazeau and Kazancı 1992, Şirin 2002, Kazancı and Ertunç 2008a). This species was recorded from Eastern Black Sea region for the first time. Simulium (Nevermannia) vernum Macquart 1826 Rize: Ovit Mountain-1, 19.07.2008, 2 larvae; Giresun: Kümbet Plateau-3, 01.06.2009, 1 larva; Giresun: Kümbet Plateau-5, 02.06.2009, 2 pupae; Giresun: Kümbet Plateau-6, 02.06.2009, 16 larvae, 1 pupa. This species is widespread throughout Europe (Lechthaler and Car 2005). In Turkey, it is known from Sakarya River Basin (Kazancı and Ertunç 2008a). This species was recorded from Eastern Black Sea region for the first time. Subgenus Simulium Latreille 1802 Simulium (Simulium) hispaniola Grenier & Bertrand 1954 Trabzon: Sümela Monastery-2, 18.07.2008, 1 pupa; Giresun: Kümbet Plateau-4, 02.06.2009, 120 larvae. 85

ÖZGE BAŞÖREN AND NİLGÜN KAZANCI This species was described as a typical West European species (Crosskey and Howard 2004). In Turkey, it is known Çoruh River Basin (Rize Province, Ovit Mountain) and Köyceğiz Protected Area (Muğla Province) (Ertunç et al. 2008, Kazancı and Ertunç 2008a,b, Ertunç 2009). Subgenus Wilhelmia Enderlein 1921 Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein 1924) Giresun: Dereli Road 15. km, 16.07.2008, 1 larva, 1 pupa. This species distributes from Central to Eastern Europe (Crosskey and Howard 2004). In Turkey, it is known from Büyük Menderes River Basin, Kızılırmak River Basin, Yeşilırmak River Basin, Sakarya River Basin and Yedigöller National Park (Şirin 2001, Kazancı and Ertunç 2008a,b, Ertunç 2009, Kazancı and Ertunç 2010, Başören (Ertunç) and Kazancı 2011, 2012). This species was recorded from Eastern Black Sea region for the first time. Simulium (Wilhelmia) lineatum (Meigen 1804) Artvin: Erzurum Road, Ortaköy Bridge, 21.07.2006, 11 larvae. This species is reported from most parts of Europe (Lechthaler and Car 2005). In Turkey, it is known from Büyük Menderes River Basin, Çoruh River Basin (Artvin Province), Kızılırmak River Basin, Yeşilırmak River Basin, Sakarya River Basin, Köyceğiz Protected Area (Muğla Province), and Yedigöller National Park (Şirin 2001, 2002, Ertunç et al. 2008, Kazancı and Ertunç 2008a,b, Ertunç 2009, Kazancı and Ertunç 2010, Başören (Ertunç) and Kazancı 2011, 2012). Simulium (Wilhelmia) pseudequinum Séguy 1921 Giresun: Dereli Road 10. km, 16.07.2008, 1 larva; Giresun: Dereli Road 15. km, 16.07.2008, 3 larvae, 1 pupa. This species shows an East-West European distribution and it is a common species in the southern Palaearctic region (Crosskey and Howard 2004). In Turkey, it is known from Altındere Stream (Trabzon Province, Maçka), Büyük Menderes River Basin, Çoruh 86

Additional species records of Simuliidae (Diptera, Insecta) fauna of Eastern Blacksea Region (Turkey) River Basin, Kızılırmak River Basin, Fırat River Basin, Yeşilırmak River Basin, Namnam Stream, Sakarya River Basin, Seyhan River Basin, Köyceğiz Protected Area (Muğla Province), Zamantı River and Yedigöller National Park (Clergue-Gazeau and Kazancı 1992, Şirin 2001, 2002, Ertunç et al. 2008, Kazancı and Ertunç 2008a,b, Ertunç 2009, Kazancı and Ertunç 2010, Başören (Ertunç) and Kazancı 2011, 2012). CONCLUSION In this research, Prosimulium tomosvaryi, Simulium (Nevermannia) cryophilum, Simulium (Nevermannia) vernum, Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum were recorded for the first time in this region. Three of recorded species (Simulium (Simulium) hispaniola, Simulium (Wilhelmia) lineatum, Simulium (Wilhelmia) pseudequinum) were previously found in Eastern Black Sea region (Kazancı and Ertunç 2008a,b) and Prosimulium tomosvaryi, Simulium (Nevermannia) vernum, Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum previously reported from Western Black Sea region (Şirin 2001, Crosskey and Zwick 2007, Ertunç et al. 2008, Kazancı and Ertunç 2008a,b). Eastern Blacksea Region is one of the biologically richest regions and collecting sites were generally isolated areas. Therefore it can be expected much more Simuliidae species record in this region. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This research was supported by Hacettepe University (Projects: Constitution of biotic index for long-term biomonitoring of water quality for Yeşilırmak River by using benthic macroinvertebrates, leader: Prof. Dr. Nilgün Kazancı, Determination of reference habitats for some running waters in the Eastern Black Sea Region with respect to European Union Water Famework Directive criteria and Chironomidae (Diptera) fauna of these habitats, leader: Prof. Dr. Nilgün Kazancı and Determination of Habitat Quality of Aksu Stream (Giresun) by Using Physicochemical Variables and Benthic Macroinvertebrates Based on to European Union Water Framework Directive Criteria leader: Prof. Dr. Nilgün Kazancı) and by TÜBİTAK and Government of Slovenia (Project: Biodiversity of Genus Perla, important bioindicators in runningwaters, leader: Prof. Dr. Nilgün Kazancı). 87

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