COURSE: EDT 311 COURSE TITLE: HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY Course Units: 2 Status: Elective COURSE DURATION: Two hours per week for 15 weeks (30 hours) LECTURER: OGUNLADE, Oyeronke Olufunmilola. PhD (Ilorin), M.Ed. (Ilorin) B.A (Ed.) (Ilorin), Certificate in Word Processing and Desktop Publishing (LAUTECH),Microsoft Sponsored Basic Skills. Department of Science Education Faculty of Education University of Ilorin Email: ogunlade:oo@unilorin.edu.ng drronkeogunlade@yahoo.com bleglom@gmail.com Office Location: Office no 31, Department of Science Education Faculty of Education University of Ilorin Consultation Hours: Tuesdays 12-2pm, Thursdays 12-2 pm Course Content Introduction to history of Educational Technology World wide, in depth analysis of development of Educational technology in Nigeria. Innovative and learning resources centres in Nigeria Course Description: This course focuses on the history of Educational Technology World wide and Nigeria. It will avail educational technologists and teachers in training to be conversant with the history of educational technology both in Nigeria and World wide. It tends to prepare them for the task ahead of them especially in the area of history, development and prospect of educational technology in Nigeria and other parts of the world.it will expose the students to salient facts that will make them have value judgement on how far educational technology has developed in Nigeria It will explore issues in relation to learning resources and learning resource centres in Nigeria, fore runners of Educational Technology, community resources and contributors to educational technology in and outside Nigeria. Justification History of Educational Technology is a very important course that students of educational
technology should go through to improve their understanding of educational technology, teaching skills and what operates in contemporary educational technology so as to be able to effectively perform their teaching tasks during training and the teaching periods. There is need for students to have an historical overview of Educational Technology so as to ascertain where we started, where we are, and predict the future of educational technology in Nigeria. Course The main objective of this course is to intimate students with the knowledge that will assist them to teach effectively through historical evolution of educational technology. They will also be acquainted with periods of science, engineering, audio-visual, the domains of educational technology and contributors to educational technology in Nigeria and worldwide. At the end of this course, specifically, students should be able to: a. Discuss the history of Educational Technology World wide and in Nigeria. b. Explain the dimensions of Educational Technology c. Identify the stages in Educational Technology d. Participate in Educational Technology researches as a discipline. e. Ascertain the Research interest in Educational Technology. f. Identify the contributors to educational technology. Course Requirement Every student is mandated to be conversant with the history of Educational Technology.Each student is expected to identify the learning resource centres and should be able to interact with the learning resources,taking into consideration the knowledge of science, engineering and audiovisual. Methods of Grading Group Assignments / Tests 30% Examination 70% Week 1: Historical overview of Educational Technology : To introduce the course by explaining what Educational Technology is and other relevant issues they should expect from the course like the process of Educational Technology, theory, field and profession. History of educational technology began with man. It could be traced in a way back to the emergence of very early tools, for paintings on cave walls, stones etc. Educational Technology being regarded as a process is also the reason why instructional
technology was commissioned with focus on the hardware of the field. There was the idea that Educational Technology was a field and also a theory in the 1963 definition of Educational Technology, Educational Technology as a profession was argued in the 1977 definition. It has a new dimension when it was re-defined in 2008 as an ethical practice. Educational Technology as a profession, theory and field depends on interpretation and application to the system of the concept. 1. How far is it true that the history of educational technology began with man? 2. How does educational technology shed more light to teaching and learning? Reading List: International Journal of African Studies (2009) Issue1,4-10 Onasanya S. A &Adegbija M.V (2007)Practical Handbook on Instructional Media Ilorin: Graphcom Publishers Ajelabi,A.(2000) Essentials of Educational Technology.Lagos Raytel Communications Adeyanju,J.L. (1990) Basic concept in Educational Technology A resource Handbook for in-service and pre service teachers in West African Countries.Ghana University college of Education Winneba. Week 2: Dimensions of Educational Technology To identify the major concept of Educational Technology so as to identify the primary difficulties in developing the history of Educational Technology, the view points are antagonistic and complimentary The following are the dimensions of Educational Technology 1. Educational Technology as a Physical Science 2. Educational Technology as a Behavioural Science The dimension of Educational Technology also has a perspective of Educational Technology as instructional system or learning system. Educational Technology as a Physical Science (MEDIA): This has to do with the products of technology, that is, things that the advancement in technology has made available for processing and dissemination of information with a wide range of electronic devices. Educational Technology as a Behavioural Science: It is viewed as the development of science of instructional design rather than a product form. It places emphases on perception,
communication and learning theories as they relate to instruction. 1. Explain educational technology as a physical science 2. What is educational technology in relation to behavioural science 3. Briefly explain educational technology as an instructional system Reading List: Ely (1963) and Association of Educational Communication and Technology (AECT), Problems and prospect of educational technology in Nigeria Educational Technology, Wikipedia the free encyclopedia http//www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/educational technology Lever-Duffy,McDonald and Mizell(2005)The definition of Educational Technology Week 3: Fore runners of Educational Technology To identify the fore runners of Educational Technology as Engineering, Science and Audio Visual communication. The three main ideas influenced the field of Educational Technology and they are both related and interdependent. The forerunners of Educational Technology have a technological orientation as it is grounded in the production oriented attitude of Educational Engineering, and Science of education. Educational Technology with engineering as one of its fore runners describe certain aspects of research and development with the effort to put the technology that resulted from research and development into industrial practice like education The second major influence on Educational Technology was the use of Science in education. Science was both a method and a body of knowledge The audio visual education movement was a concept that was initially based on hardware and equipments and it has not been widely interpreted as a concept of engineering and science 1. Explain engineering as a forerunner to educational technology 3. critically examine the audio visual movements in relation to educational technology
Reading List: International Journal of African Studies(2009) Issue 1 http//www.nationalacademics.org Week 4: Educational Technology during the ancient/ civilization Stages To identify Educational Technology during the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. Educational technology can be traced back to the three origins with human pre history. Educational Technology during the ancient civilisation explains the time of the tribal priests systematized body of knowledge. 1. Explain educational technology in every stage of human civilization 2. What and how was educational technology during the stone, bronze, and iron ages? Week 5: History of educational technology in Nigeria To identify; the history of Educational Technology during the pre-missionary era, era of missionary activities, government support for educational technology, foreign intervention, and educational technology in Nigeria s higher institutions, Government support to educational technology and educational technology centres, educational broadcasting, educational television. The problems and prospect of educational technology in Nigeria, production facilities like the hardware and software, educational policies and the control and management of the educational media centres for the production facilities. 1. Trace the historical development of educational technology from the pre-missionary era to government intervention. 2. Discuss the solutions to the the problems facing educational technology in Nigeria 3. What are the areas left undone in the field of educational technology in Nigeria? Week 6: Educational Technology as a system technology in Nigeria To identify educational technology as a field involved in the facilitation of human learning through system approach which has performed explicit functions with the behavioural principles
by which effective identification, development, organization, planning and utilization achieve a learning outcome. This will make educational technology all embracing,comprising inter disciplinary team like curricular design, instructional design, instructional product design, media service management and broad band delivery. Also, for adequate and effective learning design, learning content must be analysed in the light of the objectives to be achieved.the knowledge explosion and technology advancement could be used to make an effective approach to curriculum development \ 1. Elucidate systems approach in the context of history of educational technology 2. Explain curricular design, instructional design, and evaluation of instructional products in relation to the beginning and the present state of educational technology Week 7: Domains of Educational Technology To identify the main focus of educational technology as the way to assist learners and also examine the three main functions in educational technology as the management function ( organisation management, personnel management), development function ( research, theory, production, evaluation, selection, logistics, utilisation and dissemination) and learning resources ( message, people, materials, devices, techniques and settings) and their relevance to learners. How instructional problems are solved, analysis of problems related to instruction, implementation and evaluation would also be focussed. Study questions 1. Identify and explain the domains of educational technology 2. What are the functions of the domains of educational technology to the learners and to instruction? Week 8: key figures in Educational Technology and their contributions To identify the key figures in educational technology and their contributions to educational technology as a field, profession, and as a theory. The key figures Ely, Edgar Dale, Wallington, Seels and Richey, Gustafon Prof.Romizwoski. Also the the Association of Educational Communication and Technology (AECT) has contributed immensely.
Study questions 1. List five key figures in educational technology and their contribution to the field. 2. Explain the roles played by the association to the field of educational technology from their existence. Week 9; Major contributors to Educational Technology in Nigeria : 1. To identify various contributors to educational technology 2. To describe their major contributions Students are expected to research into contributors to educational technology in Nigeria Reading List Januszewski,A &Yeaman A(2001) Educational Technology:The development of a concept. British Journal of Educational Technology,32(5)525-534 Study questions 1.List at least five contributors to educational technology 2.Describe the major contributions of these people Week 10: Learning resource centres in Nigeria Students should be able to describe a learning resource centre They should also be able to state their functions and organization within the immediate environment. Information resources are better organized and managed in resource centres. Resources in ERC Week 11: innovative and learning resource centres in Nigeria Students should be able to produce educational learning materials individually from the experiences gathered at the learning resource centres in Nigeria. Also a group production of learning resource will be done will a defence of the production procedure. Any learning resource centre is regarded as the product of its environment. Human: media specialist Professional librarians Instructional designers Instructional media designers and developers Graphic artists
Electronic technicians Computer programmers Network administrators Media centre support staff Secretary Cleaners Typists Parents and community volunteers etc. Non-human Hardwares and softwares Other instructional materials like: Realia/Real objects models and mock-ups Printed text (books, handouts, worksheets etc.) Printed visuals/graphical materials (pictures, photos, drawings, charts, graphs etc.) Display or writing boards Interactive white boards Overhead transparencies Audio Motion (sound/silent motion pictures etc.) Web based Physical facilities e.g. Buildings, furniture, study grounds like geographical garden Week 12 Learning resource centres in Nigeria (Management) Objective: Students should be able to identify various resources for successful management. Any manager is expected to strive for convenient and reliable service. Resources that have to be adequately managed are; Human resources Financial resources Technological resources Natural resources None of these can be isolated. They have to work together for better achievement. In any organization human resources are available. Without financial resources all other resources would not be effective.
Technological resources are relevant in this age of globalization. Without natural resources all may not be effective. Further Reading Jerhard, Hands, Ingrim (2002) Design management case studies. New York Rizal (2006) Managing collaborative design in the conceptual Design phase Best, Kathryn (2006) Design management: managing design strategy, Process and implementation. Lausanne Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Questions 1. Identify the resources that have to be adequately managed. 2. Explain the reasons why they have to be considered. Week 13 &14: Visitation to learning resources centres At the learning resource centres, the following tasks are expected to be performed by the learners after training. Students should be able to ascertain the brief history and development of the organisation build a pool of instructional materials as an educational technologist Some of the centres to visit are : 1. educational technology centres 2. educational resources centres 3. academic organisations 4. libraries The visitation will enable students acquire relevant knowledge about educational technology in Nigeria Week 15: Revision of the course work. Students are given the opportunity to ask questions and tutorial questions are also given to them to allow for fruitful studies. 1. Explain educational technology as a physical science
2. What is educational technology in relation to behavioural science? 3. Briefly explain educational technology as an instructional system 4. How far is it true that the history of educational technology began with man? 5. How does educational technology shed more light to teaching and learning? Reading List: International Journal of African Studies (2009) Issue1,4-10 Onasanya S. A &Adegbija M.V (2007) Practical Handbook on Instructional Media Ilorin: Graphcom Publishers Ajelabi,A.(2000) Essentials of Educational Technology. Lagos :Raytel Communications Adeyanju,J.L. (1990) Basic concept in Educational Technology A resource Handbook for in-service and pre service teachers in West African Countries.Ghana University college of Education Winneba.