I. Forebrain: Cerebrum (Telencephalon) and Diencephalon (largest portion is the Thalamus) A. The Cortex: The Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two cerebral hemispheres. The most superficial surface of the cerebrum is the cortex, which is composed of gray matter folds (Gyri) and grooves (sulci). On the picture below, identify each structure by placing the correct number on the illustration. 1) Primary motor area (Precentral gyrus) 2) Primary sensory area (Postcentral gyrus) 3) Primary visual area 4) Lateral fissure 5) Central sulcus Using your color pencils identify each lobe. Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occiptial lobe Temporal lobe Central lobe ( use a dark color and dotted lines) fr B. The Subcortical White Matter is located deep to the cortex. There are different type of nerve fiber projections. Association fibers (short & long), Commissural fibers, & Projection fibers. Each type of axonal projection has a specific type of function. Match the functional description to the appropriate nervous fiber (axon) type. White Matter Description 1. Projection fibers A. Allows communication between gyri, (Premotor to motor) 2. Commissural fibers B. Allows communication between the two cerebral Lobes within same hemisphere (Occipital to Frontal) 3. Longitudinal fasciculi C. Allows communication between right and left halves (long fibers) D. Allows communication between upper parts of the 4. Arcuate fibers(short) brain to lower parts of the brain and spinal cord Draw an example of each type of fiber on the picture below.
The Diencephalon consists of the Thalamus, Hypothalamus, & Epithalamus (Subthalamus NOT TAUGHT) On the illustration above label or color the structured listed in the laboratory manual. List the structures associated with the Telencephalon: List the structures associated with the Diencephalon: List the structures and spaces associated with the each part of the brain. Review Parts and structures of the brainstem: Midbrain- Pons- Medulla oblongata- Cerebellum
The Nervous System: Ventricular System & Flow of Cerebrospinal Fluid What fluid flows through the ventricles? Which neuroglia surrounds capillaries and forms this fluid? Label the parts of the ventricular system pictured below. Fill in the numbered blanks in the statements below. The Ventricular System 1. 1a. 1b. 1c. 2. 3. 4. 5. Flow of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) CSF is formed by a capillary network called (1). This capillary network contains (2) cells that secrete CSF. CSF flows from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle via the (3) and then through the (4) to the fourth ventricle. Some of the fluid continues down the fourth ventricle to circulate through the (5) of the spinal cord, but most of the fluid will drain to the (6) space found between the arachnoid mater and pia mater via the single (7) aperture & paired (8) apertures. (9) projects into small apertures of the dura mater to allow the CSF to drain back into the venous blood via the (10) sinus. List the Cranial Nerve by name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10. Roman number Foramen
A. Cranial Nerves Part 2: There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves. Below, draw the line from the picture describing the nerve to the picture on the brain. Identify the name of each cranial nerve. Remember that the olfactory bulb is missing the actual nerve bundles. B. Cranial Nerves Part 2: Identify the name & number of each cranial nerve involved in the following. (Some activities may involve more than one cranial nerve. Some cranial nerves may be used more than once) 1. Slows heart rate; innervates digestive & respiratory system 2. Moving the mandible to chew your food 3. Swallowing your food 4. Tasting your lunch 5. Elevating the eyelid 6. Seeing this sentence 7. Hearing a song on the radio; dizziness 8. Shrugging your shoulders 9. Smelling perfume 10. Smiling, frowning, pouting 11. Moving the eye downward & away from the midline 12. Involved in the parasympathetic division 13. Carries special sense information 14. Gag reflex
Embryonic Development of the Human Brain At day 23 the central nervous system becomes known as neural tube. After 3-4 weeks, three primary brain vesicles develop. Common terms for these regions are: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The three primary brain vesicles further divide to form secondary brain vesicles after 6 weeks. At birth, 6 major regions of the brain are present. Fill out the diagram below using embryonic terms for the primary vesicles, secondary vesicles, and use common terms for the adult brain regions (same as at birth). Identify the brain region that the following brain structures belong to: Brain Region Brain Structure 1. Hypothalamus 2. Cerebral peduncles 3. Thalamus 4. Epithalamus 5. Visual reflex center 6. Olive and pyramid 7. C.N. V (Trigeminal Nerve) 8. Primary somatosensory area 9. Arbor vitae 10. Primary visual area
Identify which ventricles each of the following brain structures are associated with in the Ventricle system. Then identify which of the primary & secondary vesicles each brain structure derives from in their respective columns. Ventricle Brain Structures Secondary Brain Vesicle Primary Brain Vesicle 1. Frontal lobe 2. Temporal lobe 3. Occipital lobe 4. Thalamus 5. Hypothalamus Cerebral 6. peduncles Superior 7. colliculi Inferior 8. colliculi Medulla 9. oblongata 10. Pons 11. Cerebellum What is the function of the median and lateral apertures? Where is CSF found in the spinal cord? A) B) How long can an axon be? Why(give an example) How can one neurons in the brain or spinal cord command multiple other neurons (what process)?