Sustainability of Buildings in Historic City of Malacca Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia wshimah@yahoo.com ABSTRACTS The paper discusses the sustainability of the buildings on the western side of the Historic City of Malacca with the help of the implementation of conservation policies. It covers the historical background, the role of the local government and the responses of the local residents. The methodology includes site observation, building study, literature review and interview. The ndings of the research suggest that the buildings within the area are well sustained but some local residents gave negative responses. Some strategies are needed to ensure the continuous use and sustainability of the buildings. 2012 ce-bs, FSPU, UiTM. All rights reserved. Keywords: sustainable, resident, historic building INTRODUCTION
ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT-BEHAVIOUR STUDIES, VOLUME 3, NUMBER 10, OCTOBER 2012 LITERATURE REVIEW 58
SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS IN HISTORIC CITY OF MALACCA HISTORY 59
ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT-BEHAVIOUR STUDIES, VOLUME 3, NUMBER 10, OCTOBER 2012 th t t th h th t th t th t h th t h t th t t t t t t th t t t th h t th t t th t th th h t t t th th t t th t th t th h t t t t t t t h h th t th t th h h kampong th h h th h h t t th t th t h t th th t h tt t th t t th h th t h t th t t th t th th th th t th t t th th h t h t t t t 60 h h th t th th t t t t t tt th t h t t tt th tt t t h th h h h h t h th t h h t t t h t t h t th t th t h t t h t t th h t t h h h t t th t tt t t h t th t t t th th t t t h th t h t t
SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS IN HISTORIC CITY OF MALACCA Figure 1: Malacca under the Portuguese Source Kohl (1984) 61
ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT-BEHAVIOUR STUDIES, VOLUME 3, NUMBER 10, OCTOBER 2012 Figure 2: Map of Malacca 1916 Source: Jabatan Muzium dan Antikuiti, 1998 t th t h t 1957) in the 19 th and 20 th ent ith the de a t e t h e hant and a i ie that the i h hine e ta ted t d inate the a ea he di a e ent the t h the ethni hine e h that a a a in the nineteenth ent nde ent a d a ti han e and e a e a t n d inated ian i ant din 2002 i and e nand 200 ) di ati n e e a ied t t a date the ia and t a t aditi n the ne ne ain t h a ade the e h e e e ed t ha e a di tin t a hite t a ha a te i ed an e e ti inati n e te n a i a hine e and a a e e ent e the h e e e a t an ed t h h e that inte a t the e ti n the it t eet a e POLICIES 62 he i din in the hi t i it a a a a e e ted t the i ie the tate th it he tate th it i e n i e the ene a i in e e t the annin the de e ent and e the and a e a i din ithin the a ea e e a a th it in the tate he
SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS IN HISTORIC CITY OF MALACCA ide ine i ie ed the tate th it in de the n and nt annin t 2001 t 172) a a a na t ent n 19 nt ent e ea ) t 1997 t 572) and the ati na e ita e t 2005) din t nt e the i ie ed d i din in a a a in the a t e e n and nt annin t 197 t 2 7) and a a a na t ent n 19 he a a a na t ent n 19 a the a e n ent t tain it e en e ta e ate ee and ne the ate a e ithin it a ea n additi n it a e ei e ant and nt i ti n th the ede a and tate e n ent he na t ent a a ed i t i a a a it n i ) t e in ha e the n e ati n d i din t i n ted n t a he ita e hi h ha een de a ed t e e e ed n e ed ha e in e ted at a ea na e ti e an e a th i ed the a th it he na t ent en ed that n ne i din i i t ithin the hi t i t n and n d i din t e de i hed he hei ht the ne i din had t e n hi he than the e i tin e ad a ent i din he inte i a te the t h e e i e t t the di eti n the ne nt e 2) he n and nt annin t 197 t 172) en e e nt and e ati n t n and nt annin in a a th it a ea t detai the annin e the a e n ent and ena e it t e a de e ent a ent a th i ed ith the e a ata t de e ent the a ea nde it i di ti n he t a aded and i n n n a the n and nt annin t 2001 t 172) he nt ent t 19 a n 1 st st 19 5) e ented the e i ti n tenants a e a ented e ties ith t ensati n as e as ses de ishin de e ent he a t a s ens es this i din t e t e in its i ina nditi n e e it as ate e ie ed and the t e as the nt ent e ea ) t 1997 t 572) hi h is in a dan e ith the need t a date th he a a th it in a a a ent ses th the ati na e ita e t 2005 t 5) and a a a na t ent n 19 nt e 1 and 2) a t the ts the st t e an the it is sed as the ain ide t ens e the etenti n the d i din s in the 63
ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT-BEHAVIOUR STUDIES, VOLUME 3, NUMBER 10, OCTOBER 2012 d t n esent the e a e th ee a nes e ne hi h e s the ain he ita e a ea e ne and the a ea tside nt e 1) he se ies a ti ns ta en t ens e the etenti n the hist i i din s in de the e i e ent t et an a a e e an en ati n is e e ted his in des the e a e ent an e e ent n the a ade s an e a e the ade and the si e the ti e ie es has t e the sa e as the i ina e e the e is s e e i i it de endin n i stan es e a din the ai e the st ne ann t e ed the se nd and thi d ai e i e i ade e a t ent has t e ns ted i the ne de ide t se the he a i hei ht a ne i din is t st e s n and the hei ht a ne i din an e t site ithin the hist i it a a a has t the e ad a ent i din nt e ) the e ne ne i din s a e n t a ed t e hi he than st e s 0 eet) n en ati n sa s t the e istin i t st t es need t e s itted t a a nt e 1) n the ase e in d i din s the ne has een in eased nde the a a a na t ent n 19 the ne e in an d i din as n 10 000 00 nde the ati na e ita e t 2005 t 5) the ne has in eased t 500 000 00 nt e ati na e ita e t 2005) his e ates ette t the ent i e t st e h ses t is sti nside a hea he ita e i din s METHODOLOGY 64 he eth d in des site se ati n i din st d ite at e e ie inte ie the esidents and in de th inte ie the ntrol e s standa d esti nnai e as i en t the a esidents and the inte ie as d ne n ne t ne asis he e ti n data as d ne ith the he a hite t e st dents in the hite t e e a t ent ni e siti e n i a a sia h nd ed 200) a esidents e e inte ie ed n de th inte ie as a s a ied t in in nt e s t as d ne ea ie an ashi ah 2009) he ain n e n as t nd t the detai s n the en e ent the i ies e atin t nse ati n the hist i i din s his in des e esentati es a a a se e a t ent ) a a sia hite t a se a a a and
SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS IN HISTORIC CITY OF MALACCA ist i a a a it n i ) the data e e then ana sed th h t ian ati n and n then the es ts e e d a n RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS n a e the t h h ses ha e s i ed n han ed d e t a e s inte enti n ate ants that e ased st thei i ina eat es n a esea h nd ted a a a da 200 ) it as nd that n 112 i din s in the a ea etain the i ina a ade and inte i the ea ie t h h ses hese an e easi e nised d e t the e hei ht and si e a ade he hist i a esidentia and e ia a te s a e ated as it stands t da he s e d ne in 200 a a a it n i n ted that the a and se in the hist i it a a a as e ia 5 7 ) ed esidentia h ses 20 ) he hist and the ent se the i din s ithin the a ea sh s that the ha e ne th h s e hases t ans ati n d e t the han e ne shi and the han in atte ns i e t a s indi ates that the hist i i din s ha e the a i it t ada t t ne needs Figure 3: A view along Jalan Tun Tan Cheng Lock (Source : Author, 2011) h h se ati n the a it the i din s ithin the a ea a e sti in se a t the sh h ses and the h ses the e a e a s i din s ith di e ent ses hese i din s a e asi a the eha i itati n the ea ie sh h ses the h ses his is e ident a n a an 65
ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT-BEHAVIOUR STUDIES, VOLUME 3, NUMBER 10, OCTOBER 2012 n an hen he e e than 5 h te s e e nd i e ) a a se te instan e as i t the eha i itati n h ses de n a i ities e e added t s it the ne e i e ents his in des t i ets and e e i e ents i te is an the e a e a est ed h se ith a the de n a enities he adhe en e t the e e i e ent the te is athe i s sin e the e te na e e it an e seen n ne side the i din he a esidents in ed in the inte ie nsisted 9 hinese 5 a a 5 ndians and 2 the s his e e ts the a t a ati n the a ea that is d inated the hinese he a it the e e the a e 2 t 50 ea s d he ndin s s est that the a it 1 0 ) the a esidents e e n t a a e the i ies en ed the a a th it n hist i i din s in the a ea a e 1) he a esidents h e e a a e the i e ated t the etenti n the hei ht and the a ade the i din s e a s enti ned that the the a ade is nt ed the a th it e e n ne the enti ned a t the s e i e i e ents e atin t the inte i he a it the a esidents nside ed that the an han e the inte i desi n t n t the a t a a i the i din s he est i ti n n e nin the st and the t a ds as ted the nt e s in e ti n 2 2 as n t enti ned an the he a it the a esidents a eed that the a e n ent need t en e i ies n the hist i i din s t est i t the a in an nne essa han es and t ens e the etenti n the i din s din t the the i din s a e st a a e d e t thei hist i a e and as assets t t is Table 1: Awareness of local residents on the policies 66 AWARENESS OF POLICIES NUMBER PERCENTAGE Yes 78 39.0% No 122 61.0% TOTAL 200 100% (Source : Author, 2011)
SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS IN HISTORIC CITY OF MALACCA Table 2: Reasons for comfort in working in the interior REASONS FOR COMFORT IN WORKING (INTERIOR) NUMBER PERCENTAGE 91 50.0% 45 25.0% 20 11.0% Attachment to the place 20 11.0% Economy 6 3.0% Total 182 (91.0%) 100.0% (Source : Author, 2011) he sa i it the hist i i din s in the a ea is in ine ith the ndin the inte ie he e the a it 1 2 91 0 ) the a esidents e ei ed the a ea t e ta e a es in ain d e t the n inte i a e 2) he ndin is si i a t the ea ie s e d ne in 200 an ashi ah 2009) t as a s nd that the a it the a esidents e e ed t sta e se he e and t the a ea n t he eas ns in de dis t and the ns ita i it the a ea aisin hi d en CONCLUSION t an e n ded that the e is a a a a eness a n the a esidents n s e i ies i sed the a e n ent e a din the hist i i din s he e e an e t need t e d ne s h as sh s ie s et t ens e that the n ed e ea h the his is i tant sin e the hist i i din s ithin the a ea a e a e ned the a esidents and the an da a e the i din s ith t n in the nse en es n the h e the ndin s the esea h s est that the i din s ithin the a ea e e e s stained and the i din s ha e the a i it t ada t t ne ses he esidents had th siti e and ne ati e e e ti ns n the se d i din st t es as i in s a es he a it the nd the hist i i din s as s ita e a es in t n t sta in e st ate ies a e th s needed t ens e the ntin s se and s staina i it 67
ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT-BEHAVIOUR STUDIES, VOLUME 3, NUMBER 10, OCTOBER 2012 the i din s hi e at the sa e ti e a e t satis the ent de ands the de n s iet ACKNOWLEDGEMENT his st d as ade ssi e the ntin s s t ni e siti e n i a a sia REFERENCES anta in and andt 19 0) Saving Old Buildings nd n hite t a ess ei den 19 2) Conservation of Historic Buildings nd n tte th ienti ist i e a a it n i ) 200 ) The Study on the Improvement and Conservation of Historical Urban Environment in the Historical City of Melaka e a a i eht 2002) A History of Architectural Conservation d ed ) d tte th eine ann a ian 2002) i a ti i ati ns Malacca City Council Seminar: The Study on Improvement and Conservation of Historical City of Melaka e a a a ens 199 ) he nia e a in e a a n hen n ee d ) Architecture: The Encylopaedia of Malaysia 2 ) a a diti ns idie i et i hin and e nand 200 ) Malacca: Voices from the Street a a sia i hin 68 din ssin 2002) ia i e in nia t t ns t h e a a and n ish enan 17 0 1 0 The Penang Story-International Conference enan
SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS IN HISTORIC CITY OF MALACCA a ina a n 2007) e s in ed in the nse ati n ist i ett e ents in a a sia ase t d a a e an Jurnal Alam Bina i id 9 ) 2007) 9 a a a da a a hah inan 200 ) a ian i i ah edai a a e anda di anda e a a an an e ada idan e iha aan di a a sia h thesis ni e siti e n i a a sia an ashi ah an s ai 2009) Users Perceptions on the Heritage Value of the Old Shophouses in the Historic City of Malacca h h thesis ni e siti e n i a a sia a ina a adi 2009) nte atin hite t a e ita e n a h an e ita i ati n e an ni e sit i ati n ent e ) ni e siti e n i 69