Unit : 1 Introduction Short Questions:- 1. Define Telecommunication. 2. List out four networks. 3. What do you mean by internetworking protocol? 4. What is ARP? 5. What do you mean by RARP? 6. Write a note on ICMP. 7. List out the transport layer protocol. 8. List out the network layer protocol. 9. How does RARP works? 10. What are called User support layers? 11. List out standard organizations. 12. What is the use of Data link layer? 13. What is the need for Network layer? 14. What are the purposes of various layers? 15. What are called network support layers? Long Questions:- 1. Discus briefly the History of Internet. 2. Write short note on protocol and standards. 3. Give detail note on internet administration. 4. Write a detail note on OSI model. 5. Explain the peer to peer processes. 6. Explain the layers of OSI model. 7. Describe the functions of network layer. 8. Explain the functions of data link layer. 9. Write a detail note on the functions of physical layer. 10. Describe the functions of transport layer. 11. Explain the functions of presentation layer. 12. Write a detail note on the functions of application layer. 13. Give detail note on network layer protocols. 14. Give detail note on transport layer protocols. 15. Differentiate between TCP and UDP. 16. Draw a conceptual structure of the Internet and explain it. 17. Explain the existing network infrastructures. 18. Explain the various wired network applications. 19. Discuss with TCP/IP Protocol suite. Fill in the blanks:- 1. In a, two devices are connected together through a dedicated link. 2. Data communication standards fall into two categories: and 3. A is a set of rules that governs communication. 4. for military users and ARPANET for nonmilitary users. 5. would handle datagram routing while would be responsible for higher level functions such as segmentation, reassembly, and error detection. 6. refers to the structure or format of the data, meaning the order in which they are presented. 7. refers to the meaning of each section of bits. 8. Standards that have not been approved by an organized body but have been adopted as Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 1
standards through widespread use are standards. 9. The is the technical advisor to the ISOC. 10. The is a forum of working groups managed by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). 11. The is responsible for collecting and distributing information about TCP/IP protocols. 12. An standard that covers all aspects of network communications is the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. 13. is a set of protocols that allows any two different systems to communicate regardless of their underlying architecture. 14. The coordinates the functions required to carry a bit stream over a physical medium. 15. The data consists of a stream of bits (sequence of 0s or 1s) with no interpretation. 16. The sender and receiver must not only use the bit rate but must also be synchronized at the bit level. 17. The topology defines how devices are connected to make a network. 18. also defines the direction of transmission between two devices 19. The data link layer divides the stream of bits received from the network layer into manageable data units called. 20. The adds reliability to the physical layer by adding mechanisms to detect and retransmit damaged or lost frames 21. The is responsible for the source-to-destination delivery of a packet. 22. The physical addressing implemented by the data link layer handles the addressing problem locally. 23. The transport layer is responsible for delivery of the entire message. 24. A message is divided into transmittable segments, with each segment containing a. State True or False:- 1. IP would handle datagram routing while TCP would be responsible for higher level functions. 2. A protocol defines what is communicated, how it is communicated, and when it is communicated. 3. The OSI model is composed of seven ordered layers. 4. The network layer coordinates the functions required to carry a bit stream over physical medium. 5. The physical layer is responsible for the source-to-destination delivery of a packet, possibly across multiple networks (links). 6. The transport layer is responsible for process-to-process delivery of the entire message. 7. A connectionless transport layer makes a connection with the transport layer at the destination machine first before delivering the packets 8. A message is divided into transmittable segments, with each segment containing a sequence number. 9. A connection oriented transport layer treats each segment as an independent packet and delivers it to the transport layer at the destination machine. 10. The physical layer is responsible for moving individual bits from one (node) to the next. 11. The session layer is the network dialog controller. 12. The application layer is concerned with the syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between two systems. 13. The application layer provides user interfaces and support for services. 14. The unit of communication however, is a packet called a frame. Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 2
15. The Internet Protocol (IP) is the transmission mechanism used by the TCP/IP protocols. 16. The network layer header must therefore include a type of address called a servicepoint address. 17. The transport layer is responsible for error control. 18. Data compression reduces the number of bits contained in the information. 19. The application layer allows a process to add checkpoints (synchronization points) into a stream of data. 20. The physical layer defines the duration of a bit, which is how long it lasts. Multiple Choice Questions:- 1. Why was the OSI model developed? A) manufacturers disliked the TCP/IP protocol suite B) the rate of data transfer was increasing exponentially C) standards were needed to allow any two systems to communicate 2. The model shows how the network functions of a computer ought to be organized. A) CCITT B) OSI C) ISO D) ANSI 3. The physical layer is concerned with the movement of over the physical medium. A) programs B) dialogs C) protocols D) bits 4. The OSI model consists of layers. A) three B) five C) seven D) eight 5. In the OSI model, as a data packet moves from the lower to the upper layers, headers are. A) added B) removed C) rearranged D) modified 6. In the OSI model, when data is transmitted from device A to device B, the header from A's layer 5 is read by B's layer. A) physical B) transport C) session D) presentation 7. In the OSI model, which layer functions as a liaison between user support layers and network support layers? A) network layer B) physical layer C) transport layer D) session layer 8. In the OSI model, what is the main function of the transport layer? A) node-to-node delivery B) process-to-process message delivery Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 3
C) synchronization D) updating and maintenance of routing tables 9. In the OSI model, encryption and decryption are functions of the layer. A) transport B) session C) presentation D) application 10. In the OSI model, which of the following is an application layer service? A) network virtual terminal B) file transfer, access, and management C) mail service D) All of the choices are correct 11. When a host on network A sends a message to a host on network B, which address does the router look at? A) port B) logical C) physical 12. The layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the next. A) physical B) data link C) transport 13. The layer adds a header to the packet coming from the upper layer that includes the logical addresses of the sender and receiver. A) physical B) data link C) network 14. The layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to another. A) physical B) transport C) network 15. The Internetworking Protocol (IP) is a protocol. A) reliable B) connection-oriented C) reliable and connection-oriented 16. provides full transport layer services to applications. A) TCP B) UDP C) ARP Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 4
Unit : 2 IP Addressing Short Questions :- 1. What is the address space? 2. List out type of notation. 3. What is binary notion? Give example. 4. What is Dotted-decimal notion? Give example. 5. What is hexadecimal notion? Give example. 6. Change the following IPv4 addresses from binary notation to dotted-decimal notation. A. 10000011 00001011 00001111 11101111 B. 11000001 10001001 00011011 11111111 7. Change the following IPv4 addresses from binary notation to dotted-decimal notation. A. 11100111 11011011 10001011 01101111 B. 11111001 10011111 11001011 00111111 8. Change the following IPv4 addresses from dotted-decimal notation to binary notation. A. 181.96.15.88 B. 201.35.17.89 9. Change the following IPv4 addresses from dotted-decimal notation to binary notation. A. 21.82.56.12 B. 85.46.74.78 10. Find the error, if any, in the following IPv4 addresses: A. a. 111.56.045.78 B. b. 221.34.7.8.20 11. Find the error, if any, in the following IPv4 addresses: A. c. 75.45.301.14 B. d. 11100010.23.14.67 12. Change the following IPv4 addresses from binary notation to hexadecimal notation. A. a. 10000001 00001011 00001011 11101111 B. b. 11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111 13. Find the class of each address: A. a. 00000001 00001011 00001011 11101111 B. b. 11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111 14. Find the class of each address: A. c. 10100111 11011011 10001011 01101111 B. d. 11110011 10011011 11111011 00001111 15. Find the class of each address: A. a. 227.12.14.87 B. b. 193.14.56.22 16. Find the class of each address: A. c. 14.23.120.8 B. d. 252.57.157.11 17. What is netid and hosted? 18. What is the prefix length and suffix length if the whole Internet is considered as one single block with 4,294,967,296 addresses? 19. What is the prefix length and suffix length if the Internet is divided into 4,294,967,296 blocks and each block has one single address? 20. What is network addresses? Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 5
Long Questions :- 1. Explain in detail: Address space and notation. 2. What is classful addressing? Explain in detail. 3. Explain netid and hosted using example. 4. Explain classes with help of proper example. 5. What is mask? explain in detail 6. How subnetting is done in classful addressing? Explain using example. 7. How supernetting is done in classful addressing? Explain using example. 8. Describe supernet mask in detail. 9. In classless addressing, we know the first and the last address in the block. Can we find the prefix length? If the answer is yes, show the process and give an example. 10. In classless addressing, we know the first address and the number of addresses in the block. Can we find the prefix length? If the answer is yes, show the process and give an example. 11. In classless addressing, can two blocks have the same prefix length? Explain. 12. In classless addressing, we know the first address and one of the addresses in the block (not necessarily the last address). Can we find the prefix length? Explain. 13. In a block of addresses, we know the IP address of one host is 25.34.12.56/16.What is the first address (network address) and the last address (limited broadcast address) in this block? 14. In a block of addresses, we know the IP address of one host is 182.44.82.16/26. What is the first address (network address) and the last address (limited broadcast address) in this block? 15. One of the addresses in a block is 167.199.170.82/27. Find the number of addresses in the network, the first address, and the last address. 16. One of the addresses in a block is 17.63.110.114/24. Find the number of addresses, the first address, and the last address in the block. 17. An organization is granted the block 130.34.12.64/26. The organization needs four subnetworks, each with an equal number of hosts. Design the subnetworks and find the information about each network. 18. An organization is granted a block of addresses with the beginning address 14.24.74.0/24. The organization needs to have 3 subblocks of addresses to use in its three subnets as shown below: One subblock of 120 addresses. One subblock of 60 addresses. One subblock of 10 addresses. 19. How subnetting is done in classless addressing? Explain using example. 20. How supernetting is done in classless addressing? Explain using example. Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 6
Fill in the blanks :- 1. Addresses are unique and universal. 2. A protocol like IPv4 that defines addresses has an 3. The address space of IPv4 is 4. There are three common notations to show an IPv4 address:, and. 5. In classful addressing, an IP address in classes A, B, and C is divided into and. 6. addresses are made of one block, used for multicasting. 7. In supernetting, an organization can combine several blocks to create a larger range of addresses. 8. The only block of addresses was reserved for future purposes. 9. Class C was designed for use as 10. Using the direct broadcast address, a sends a packet to on the network. 11. In addressing, when an address is given, we can find the beginning address and the range of addresses. 12. In classless addressing, the is another name for the common part of the address range. 13. In classless addressing, the is the varying part (similar to the hostid). 14. In classless addressing, the prefix length defines the. State true or false: 1. A protocol like IPv4 that defines addresses has an address space. 2. There are three common notations to show an IPv4 address: binary notation (base 2), dotteddecimal notation (base 256), and hexadecimal notation (base 16). 3. In classful addressing, the IP address space is divided into six classes. 4. The class of an address when the address is given either in binary or dotted decimal notation. 5. In classful addressing, an IP address in classes A, B, C, D and E is divided into netid and hostid. 6. A defines the netid and the leftmost bit should be 0, the next 7 bits can be changed to find the number of blocks in this class. 7. Since 2 bytes in class B define the class and the two leftmost bit should be 10 (fixed), the next 14 bits can be changed to find the number of blocks in this class. 8. Class C define the class and the three leftmost bits should be 111 (fixed) 9. Class A is divided into 27 = 128 blocks 10. Class B is divided into 214 = 16,384 blocks 11. Class C is divided into 223 = 2,097,152 blocks 12. The IP addresses are unique and universal. 13. An IP address is 64 bits long. 14. The address space of IPv4 is 231 15. Class D addresses are made of one block, used for multicasting. 16. In supernetting, an organization can combine several class C blocks to create a larger range of addresses. 17. Not so many organizations are so small to have a class C block. 18. The only block of class E addresses was reserved for future purposes. 19. Class C was designed for use as reserved addresses. Multiple Choice Questions :- 1. Identify the class of the following IP address: 4.5.6.7. A) class A B) class B C) class C Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 7
2. Identify the class of the following IP address: 229.1.2.3. A) class A B) class B C) class D 3. Identify the class of the following IP address: 191.1.2.3. A) class A B) class B C) class C 4. Which of the following is true of the IP address 231.1.2.3? A) The netid is 231. B) The class is D. C) The hostid is 1.2.3. 5. Which of the following is true of the IP address 192.0.0.10? A) The netid is 192. B) The hostid is 0.10. C) The network address is 192.0.0.0. 6. Using the limited broadcast address, a sends a packet to on the network. A) host; all other hosts B) router; all other hosts C) host; a specific host 7. A host can get its IP address from its server by using as the source address and as the destination address. A) 255.255.255.255; 0.0.0.0 B) 127.0.0.0; 255.255.255.255 C) 0.0.0.0; 255.255.255.255 8. A host with an IP address of 142.5.0.1 needs to test internal software. What is the destination address in the packet? A) 131.0.0.0 B) 127.1.1.1 C) 129.1.127.127 9. A subnet mask in class A has 14 1s. How many subnets does it define? A) 32 B) 8 C) 64 10. A subnet mask in class B has 19 1s. How many subnets does it define? A) 8 B) 32 C) 64 11. A subnet mask in class C has 25 1s. How many subnets does it define? A) 2 Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 8
B) 8 C) 16 12. Which one is not a contiguous mask? A) 255.255.255.254 B) 255.255.224.0 C) 255.148.0.0 D) all are 13. Given the IP address 201.14.78.65 and the subnet mask 255.255.255.224, what is the subnet address? A) 201.14.78.32 B) 201.14.78.65 C) 201.14.78.64 14. The subnet mask for a class C network is 255.255.255.192. How many sub networks are available? A) 2 B) 4 C) 8 15. The subnet mask for a class B network is 255.255.224.0. How many sub networks are available? A) 2 B) 4 C) 8 16. The number of addresses in a class B block is. A) 65,534 B) 16,777,216 C) 256 17. An organization has been granted a class C address. If the organization has 4 subnets, how many addresses are available in each subnet (including special addresses)? A) 4 B) 1024 C) 256 18. n classless addressing, is assigned to a organization. A) a variable-length block B) a fixed-length C) a fixed number of blocks 19. The number of addresses assigned to an organization in classless addressing. A) can be any number B) must be a multiple of 256 C) must be a power of 2 20. The first address assigned to an organization in classless addressing. A) must be a power of 4 Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 9
B) must be evenly divisible by the number of addresses C) must belong to one of the A, B, or C classes 21. Which address could be the beginning address of a block of 16 classless addresses? A) 2.4.6.5 B) 2.4.6.15 C) 2.4.6.62 22. Which address could be the beginning address of a block of 256 classless addresses? A) 2.4.6.5 B) 2.4.6.15 C) 2.4.6.0 23. Find the number of addresses in a block of classless addresses if one of the addresses is 12.2.2.7/24. A) 32 B) 64 C) 256 24. What is the last address of a block of classless addresses if one of the addresses is 12.2.2.6/30? A) 12.2.2.2 B) 12.2.2.6 C) 12.2.2.7 25. In fixed-length subnetting, the number of subnets must. A) be a power of 2 B) be a multiple of 128 C) be divisible by 128 26. An organization is granted a block of classless addresses with the starting address 199.34.76.64/28. How many addresses are granted? A) 8 B) 16 C) 32 27. In a block, the prefix length is /22; what is the mask? A) 255.255.255.0 B) 255.255.252.0 C) 255.255.0.0 Mr. Hardik Vyas Page 10