Total Energy Use in Buildings in Denmark A new opportunity for the building sector Per Heiselberg, Aalborg University Department of Civil Engineering 1 Danish Commission on Climate Change 2010-1-
Danish Gowernment Energy Strategy 2050 Objective 2020 2050 Reduce the use of fossil fuels 33% 100% Increase the use of renewable energy to 30% 100% Reduce gross energy use 6% >50% Conclusions related to buildings o Necessary to reduce building energy use o Heating by 50-60% in average for all buildings o Heating by more than 75% in new buildings o Electricity in households by 50% through development of more efficient products o Flexible demand of electricity and heat o Intelligent electricity system o Intelligent control of heat pumps in combination with heat storage -2-
Energy Use in Danish Single-Family Houses by construction year Source SBI/Erhvervs- og Byggestyrelsen Development in Maximum Energy Use in New Buildings in Denmark Primary Energy Use (kwh/m 2 year) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Residence (150 m2) Office (1500 m2) 2005 2006 2010 2015 2020-3-
What do we have to do? Reduce energy needs to a minimum (passive houses etc.). Use clean, renewable energy to cover the remaining need for thermal energy (for heating and cooling). Use renewable energy to cover the need for electricity. Consider embodied energy as well. Source: Tor Helge Dokka, NTNU NZEBs A Holistic Approach feed-in energy [export: kwh, CO 2, etc.] BR2020 net zero balance line Energy Consumption (% compared to average new construction) 100%- 67%- 33%- load/grid management energy supply energy efficiency starting point delivered energy [import: kwh, CO 2, etc.] Current Source: Karsten Voss, Wuppertal University Performance Net Zero Energy -4-
What new challenges does this give the building sector? 9 TEAM+ appointed winner 28.09.09 Architects ARKITEMA, Leif Hansen Consulting Engineers A/S, Esbensen Consulting Engineers A/S, FAKTOR 3 Aps, DONG Energy, Thornton Thomassetti, Housing Organisation Ringgården, BAU-HOW Denmark. -5-
Energy Use levels of Net ZEB Level 0 BR20 22 kwh / m Level 1 BR15 1000 2 30 kwh / m year 30.5 A Level 2 BR10 2 year 1650 2 52.5 kwh / m year 52.7 A kwh / m 2 kwh / m year 2 year Renewable Energy Systems PV-PV/T-HP: Photovoltaic installation in combination of photovoltaic/solar thermal collector and an air/solar source heat pump. PV-HP: Photovoltaic installation in combination with ground source heat pump PV-DH: Photovoltaic installation in combination with district heating -6-
LCC Net Savings BR2020 BR2015 BR2010 ON-site/Off-site RES Total annual cost Million /year 1,20 1,10 1,00 0,90 0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 on-site RES off-site RES level 2 level 1 level 0-7-
The Prosuming Building Domestic hot water: 18,3 kwh/m2 year Space heating: 15 kwh/m2 year Electricity for operating the house: 6,7 kwh/m2year Electricity for household 13,2 kwh/m2 year PV electricity production: 29,1 kwh/m2 year Solar thermal: 11 kwh/m2 year Heat pump thermal output: 22,4 kwh/m2 year Source: Ellen Katrine Hansen, VKR Holding Energy Import/Export Source: Henrik Lund, AAU -8-
Similar houses different energy use 37 33 29 MWh pr. 100m2 25 21 17 13 9 5 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 Antal huse kwh 1050 8500 6500 4500 2500 500 0 50 100 150 Antal husstande Source: Kirsten Gram Hansen, SBi, AAU Different families different practices Type Heat (kwh/year) Family 1 warm, cosy and easy 14600 Family 2 Fresh air and enjoy life 14000 Family 3 Interested, but not easy 10300 Family 4 wishes to save and know how 4900 Family 5 Just normal routines and attention 4000 Source: Kirsten Gram Hansen, SBi, AAU -9-
Expected energy use in new buildings in 2020 Source: Søren Aggerholm SBi, AAU 19 Scenarios for ICT (TV, PC etc.) 14000 Sammensætning af årligt elforbrug i parcelhuse og lejligheder Fotoramme 12000 268 390 Clockradio Trådløse tlf GWh/år 10000 8000 6000 0 148 213 25 0 254 249 152 606 787 268 278 295 1088 1162 295 1682 1971 Printere mm. Mobilt lager ADSL DVD Settopboks Stereoanlæg 4000 2000 7200 6486 6520 6520 Video PC TV 0 2000 2007 2015 lav 2015 høj Ikke IKT Source: Kirsten Gram Hansen, Sbi, AAU -10-
Comforthouses, Vejle, DK 45 43 41 4749 3937125128 Overheating in Summer -11-
IAQ in Winter Near Zero Energy Buildings New challenges/opportunities for the building sector o Identify and push the optimum balance between energy savings and renewable energy production - for both new constructions and existing buildings o Evaluate and design the interaction between the energy producing buildings and the energy supply system to exploit the benefits of buildings being an integrated part of the system -12-
Near Zero Energy Buildings New challenges/opportunities for the building sector o Develop building solutions that fulfill the needs of the occupants, are understood by the occupants, can be controlled by the occupants o Analyse and identify relations between user practice, their wishes and their expectations to indoor environment and building energy use o Make this knowledge usable in the development of new building technologies, solutions and services, which are capable of influencing user practices and assisting them in being more energy efficient Active House - a vision of buildings that give more than they take Energy Active house concept shall move the development of houses into a new paradigm where: The use of energy is minimized and all energy is produced by renewable energy sources The indoor climate are optimized with daylight, fresh air and use of materials that has limited influence on the environment Indoor climate Local conditions The local conditions plays a important role in the architecture and the design of the house -13-
Active House Alliance Active House Alliance supports the development of Active House. The international alliance brings together partners within Building industry Universities and knowledge centres International organizations and networks The cooperation between the partners of the Active House Alliance will be based on openness, engagement, credibility and a holistic approach to design of buildings. -14-
Thanks for your attention -15-