Constraints on the explosion mechanism and progenitors of Type Ia supernovae Stéphane Blondin Laboratoire d Astrophysique de Marseille Luc Dessart Observatoire de la Côte d Azur John Hillier University of Pi>sburgh Alexei Khokhlov University of Chicago Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes"
A one- dimensional Chandrasekhar- mass delayed- detona3on model for the broad- lined Type Ia supernova 2002bo Blondin, S., Dessart, L., Hillier, D. J. 2015. MNRAS, 448, 2766 Cri3cal ingredients of Type Ia supernova radia3ve- transfer modelling Dessart, L., Hillier, D. J., Blondin, S., Khokhlov, A. M. 2014. MNRAS, 441, 3249 Constraints on the explosion mechanism and progenitors of type Ia supernovae Dessart, L., Blondin, S., Hillier, D. J., Khokhlov, A. M. 2014. MNRAS, 441, 532 [CoIII] versus NaID in type Ia supernova spectra Dessart, L., Hillier, D. J., Blondin, S., Khokhlov, A. M. 2014. MNRAS, 439, 3114. One- dimensional delayed- detona3on models of Type Ia supernovae: Confronta3on to observa3ons at bolometric maximum Blondin, S., Dessart, L., Hillier, D. J., Khokhlov, A. M. 2013. MNRAS, 429, 2127 Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 2
Chemical evolujon Explosive nucleosynthesis main producers of iron combusbon, turbulence Cosmic- Ray AcceleraJon supernova remnants Binary stellar evolujon mass transfer, grav. waves Cosmology, Dark Energy distance measurements Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 3
Thermonuclear disrupbon of a C/O WD star near the Chandrasekhar mass 1.4 M M( 56 Ni) 0.5 M Blondin et al. (2015) Light- curve powered by 56 Ni decay Spectra indicate chemical strajficajon Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 4
Thermonuclear disrupbon of a C/O WD star near the Chandrasekhar mass 1.4 M M( 56 Ni) 0.5 M Blondin et al. (2015) Light- curve powered by 56 Ni decay Spectra indicate chemical strajficajon Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 5
seconds Credit: Frank Timmes Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 6
56 Ni 0.1 1 M seconds IMEs 0.2 0.4 M Unburnt C/O < 0.1 M Stable Fe/Ni 0.1 0.2 M Credit: Frank Timmes Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 7
VariaRon in peak luminosity 10 Diversity at a given luminosity SN 2002bo SN 2011fe Δv 3000 km/s Evidence for mul3ple progenitor channels and explosion mechanisms? Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 8
No direct detecjon of SN Ia progenitors (e.g., SN 2011fe in M101, D=6.4 Mpc) Li et al. (2011) M Excluded: Red Giants M > 3.5 M # He star RNe M V 0 Indirect constraints from: potenral progenitor popularons (recurrent Novae, binary WDs, ) early post shock- breakout luminosity (R prog < 0.1 R for SN 2011fe) interacron with binary companion + CSM (Ṁ 10-9 M yr - 1 from radio/x- ray limits) surviving companion star in SN remnants SN rates vs. host stellar popularon Need constraints from numerical simula3ons! Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 9
1. C/O WD HydrostaRc X C X O 0.5 Magic 2. Explosion 1D hydro + burning Homologous expansion v(r) r @ t exp < 1 min 1 st Law 3. RadiaJve Transfer 1D non- LTE (CMFGEN) Time- dependent D/Dt Non- local energy deposiron Non- thermal effects Hillier & Dessart (2012) Days since Explosion Iron Nickel Silicon Oxygen Carbon 4. Comparison to ObservaJons Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 10
Maximum- light spectra (Blondin et al. 2013) IniRal deflagrajon transirons to a detonajon at a fixed density, ρ tr Lower ρ tr Less 56 Ni Lower L peak but same kinerc energy! Decreasing 56 Ni mass Temperature IonizaRon Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 11
Good match to spectral evolujon between 1 100 d past explosion Blondin et al. (2015) DDC15 vs. SN 2002bo chemical strarficaron spherical symmetry no fine- tuning! Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 12
Tycho SNR Iron Silicon Shocked e - Dust spherically symmetric strarfied ejecta Image Credit: MPIA/NASA/Calar Alto Observatory Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 13
ρ AM : DDTa-c-e ρ AM =2x10-24 Tycho SNR 56 Ni Iron Silicon Shocked e - Dust Bright Normal SN SN Ia Ia spherically symmetric strarfied ejecta uce amics. check ness. X- ray spectra matched by 1D delayed- detonaron models Dim Normal SN Ia SN Ia Badenes et al. (2006) Image Credit: MPIA/NASA/Calar Alto Observatory Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 14 sity of Pittsburgh Jan 20 2011 13
Good match to spectral evolujon between 1 100 d past explosion Blondin et al. (2015) DDC15 vs. SN 2002bo chemical strarficaron spherical symmetry no fine- tuning! too faint/cool at earliest Rmes Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 15
Good match to spectral evolujon between 1 100 d past explosion Blondin et al. (2015) DDC15 vs. SN 2002bo chemical strarficaron spherical symmetry no fine- tuning! too faint/cool at earliest Rmes Ca II 8500 Å emission (Co II?) Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 16
11 Khokhlov, Höflich & Müller (1992) Outer envelope v > 30000 km/s 10 Outer layers sjll expanding lg R, cm 9 Inner layers v 10000 km/s 8 E bind < 0 DeflagraJon Inward shock wave DetonaJon at a fixed density, ρ tr 0 10 20 30 40 Jme, sec Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 17
Standard DD PulsaJng DD PulsaRon leads to a density cliff and a hoher outer ejecta Density Temperature Impacts early- Jme spectra: unburnt C/O at large velocity narrower lines bluer oprcal colors independent of 56 Ni mass! Expect similar interacbon in double WD mergers Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 18
Standard DD PulsaJng DD Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 19
t exp = 2 d C II 6580 Å Standard DD PulsaJng DD t exp = 15 d Diversity bluer spectra unburnt C narrow lines Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 20
Be>er match to the nearby SN 2011fe Standard DD Δt B = 14 d PulsaJng DD Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 21
Pure detonaron of sub- M Ch WD Density Model M tot [M ] M( 56 Ni) [M ] E kin [10 51 erg] DDC25 1.41 0.12 1.19 SCH1p5 0.88 0.08 0.75 Standard M Ch Sub- M Ch 56 Ni extends to outermost ejecta Impacts light- curve evolujon: 56 Ni faster rise to maximum faster post- maximum decline Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 22
Standard M Ch Sub- M Ch SN 1999by (Blondin et al., in preparabon) Be>er match to subluminous events Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 23
Standard Chandrasekhar- mass model matches most normal SN Ia No evidence for strong departures from spherical symmetry PulsaRon/interacRon produces diversity at a given luminosity Sub- luminous events appear to require less massive progenitors Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 24
Standard Chandrasekhar- mass model matches most normal SN Ia No evidence for strong departures from spherical symmetry PulsaRon/interacRon produces diversity at a given luminosity Sub- luminous events appear to require less massive progenitors More realisrc WD progenitors from stellar evolujon models Compare 1D to angle- averaged mulj- D explosion models hsps://www- n.oca.eu/supernova/home.html Stéphane Blondin (LAM) Journées de la SF2A 2015 - Atelier PNPS/PNHE "Stades UlJmes" 25