Name: Date: Class: Ancient Egypt Unit Test Study Guide Directions: Use all of the resources in your binder/ folder and your pink and green textbooks to complete this study guide. 1. For each feature of civilization you need to be able to give examples that relate to what you have learned about Ancient Egypt. Your note packet is a good resource to use. Architecture: Ancient Egyptians buried their dead/ pharaohs in three types of tombs. Those are: Mastabas, Pyramids, Valley of the Kings. The Sphinx was a guarding structure for the Great Pyramid. It had a head of a pharaoh and body of a lion. Economy: The Nile River played a major role in the movement of people, products, and ideas which is known as Cultural Diffusion. E gyptian trade was based off of what was available surplus(grains, fish, pottery). The three main types of economic careers in Ancient Egypt were in mining, manufacturing, and agriculture. Government: Ancient Egypt was ruled by dynasties. A dynasty is a group of rulers over several generations descending from the same family. A leader was called a pharaoh. Religion: Ancient Egyptians were polytheistic meaning they believed in many gods/goddesses. ( Monotheism was the belief in one god.) Ra was the god of the sun and Anubis was the god of the afterlife. Writing: Egyptians wrote in hieroglyphics which used pictures to represent words. There were over 700 characters that they had to memorize. Hieratic (a simpler version of hieroglyphics) was used in everyday writing to record trade and write letters. Art: Egyptian art has remained constant throughout history and depicts a person or animal with the head and feet turned to the side while the body is facing straight forward. This art style is known as Frontalism. Organized Cities: Ancient Egyptian society was broken into three social classes (upper, middle, and lower). The pharaoh, viziers, and government officials made up the very top of the social pyramid. Skilled workers, merchants, and artisans made up the middle class. Servants, prisoners, and slaves made up the lowest part of the social pyramid. Technology: Sailboats, Papyrus (paper), Sleds, Copper Saws. For this question think of the tools the egyptians used to build the pyramids.
2. In the space below draw and label the Nile River, Nile Delta, and Mediterranean Sea. You need to be able to label the mouth and source of the Nile. Draw and label arrows to represent the direction of the wind and the current. 3. List two advantages of living near the Nile River and one disadvantage. An advantage of living near the Nile River is the ability to transport goods up and down the Nile. The Nile River provides crops with water through irrigation ditches. The flooding the Nile River can be an advantage because it leaves behind rich soil for crops and a disadvantage because it can destroy homes and surrounding areas.
4. Review the social class structure of Ancient Egypt. Be able to interpret the pyramid below in order to answer questions about how egyptians of different social classes interacted. Pharaoh has authority over all. There would be more farmers than nobles within this population of people. 5. Be able to define the following types of government: Dynasty A dynasty is a group of rulers over several generations descending from the same family Democracy A democracy is a when the people of the country have the power. Dictatorship A dictatorship is a form of government where one leader has absolute control over citizens lives. Monarchy A monarchy is when a king or queen rules one country. Theocracy A theocracy is a government that recognized God or a divine being as the ultimate authority.
6. How did nature influence the religious ideas of the Ancient Egyptians? (pg. 410 pink textbook) The Ancient Egyptians watched the sun rise and set each day and believed that it died each night and was born again each day. They watched the life cycle of plants that provided food. This cycle of life and death in nature led the Ancient Egyptians to believe in an afterlife. 7. What is the main reason that Ancient Egyptians who lived along the Nile River traded with other Ancient Egyptians who lived in the mountain areas? The Ancient Egyptians who lived along the Nile specialized in producing specific goods with the resources they had (mostly crops, papyrus plants for paper, limestone). While the Egyptians who lived in the mountains specialized in producing specific goods with the resources they had.(mining silver, gold, and turquoise) In order to obtain or get difference products, trade occurred. People traded the products that they specialized in. 8. Plot the beginning and the end of Hatshepsut and Amenhotep III s reign. Make sure to label each with the pharaoh's name. ( /2pts: 1 point each) Hatshepsut reigned from 1479 BCE 1458 BCE = 21 years Amenhotep III 1390 BCE 1352 BCE = 38 years Using the information above answer questions 9 & 10. 9. Which pharaoh ruled the longest and by how many years? Amenhotep III, 17 years 10. How long ago did Amenhotep III s reign end? (1352 B.C.E. + 2016 C.E.) 3,368 years ago
11. What is cultural diffusion and what in Ancient Egypt promoted it? Cultural diffusion is the spreading of people, products, and ideas throughout an area. The Nile River, which provided a mode of transportation promoted cultural diffusion because it allowed for trade. 12. List four innovations/inventions that we have today because of the Ancient Egyptians. Pyramids, Sails, Papyrus (paper), 365 Day Calendar, Reed Boats, Board Games (Senet) 13. Create 3 questions that show you can interpret information on the chart below. Question Examples: Which product makes up 32% of Egyptian Exports? answer: Oil and other Mineral Products If the price of oil dropped unexpectedly, how would this affect the country s economy? (exports) answer: If the price of oil drops, there would be less money that the country would make through their exports OR this could affect the jobs that people would have that work to produce the oil.