Science, Technology and Information Society 2011 Human resources of science and technology in 2009 Employment rate exceptionally high among those with tertiary level s In 2008, 85 per cent of those with tertiary level s were employed, which is 14 percentage points higher than the employment rate of total population. The situation was best for those with doctorate level s, whose employment rate was over 90 per cent. The difference between the employment rate of women and men was small, only good one percentage point, while in total population it was three percentage points. Employment rates of total population and persons with tertiary level s (aged 15 to 65) by level of education and gender in 2008 The employment rate of those with higher university level or doctorate level s varies somewhat by field of science. The employment rate was best in the fields of medical and health sciences (93%) and engineering and technology (90%). The employment rates of those with s from humanities (83%), natural sciences (85%) and agricultural sciences (86%) were slightly weaker. Differences in employment between men and women were mostly minor, but in the fields of natural sciences and engineering and technology, women's employment was around four percentage points lower than men's corresponding figure. Helsinki 24.3.2011 Quoting is encouraged provided Statistics Finland is acknowledged as the source.
Employment rate of persons with higher university level or doctorate level s (aged 16 to 64) by field of science and gender in 2008 The unemployment rate of those with tertiary level s was 4.4 per cent in 2008. The fall in unem-ployment that had continued throughout the 2000s stalled then. At the same time, the unemployment rate of total population was 6.4 per cent. There were also differences between highly educated groups. The unemployment rate of those with doctorate level s was lowest, i.e. 2.4 per cent and the unemployment rate of those with lowest level tertiary education was 5.0 per cent. Sixty-two per cent of the personnel in the field of science and technology worked at specialist tasks and 19 per cent at management. There were great differences between men and women's employ-ment. Nearly one third of men worked at management tasks, while only about every tenth of women. Of men, 54 per cent were employed at specialist tasks and of women 69 per cent. Women's employ-ment at management and specialist tasks has not changed much over the 2000s. Men have slightly increased their share in management tasks. Occupations of science and technology personnel by occupational group and gender in 2008 2
Contents Tables Appendix tables Appendix table 1. Tertiary s by the field of science in 1991, 2000 and 2009...4 Appendix table 2. Population with a tertiary in 2000 and 2008...4 Appendix table 3. Population with a tertiary by principal activity in 2008...5 Appendix table 4. Employed population with tertiary level education in 2008 by Industry and Tertiary...6 Figures Appendix figures Appendix figure 1. Doctorate and licentiate s in 1993-2009...7 Appendix figure 2. Doctorate level s and the proportion of women 1992-2009...7 Appendix figure 3. Persons with doctorate, median ages by the field of science in 1992-2009...8 Appendix figure 4. Persons with tertiary s as a proportion of the population aged 16 to 74 in 2000-2008...8 Appendix figure 5. Unemployment rates of persons with doctorate level and higher- level tertiary education by the field of science in 2008...9 Appendix figure 6. Persons with doctorate level and higher- level tertiary education as a percentage by the field of science in 2008...9 3
Appendix tables Appendix table 1. Tertiary s by the field of science in 1991, 2000 and 2009 Tertiary Tertiary s total Doctorate Licentiate Higher-level tertiary Other tertiary s Fields of science Year (completion of ) 1991 2000 2009 38 134 37 225 45 931 542 1 142 1 642 121 245 317 78 152 302 187 330 384 13 43 70 80 234 384 63 138 185 615 746 307 136 177 53 154 145 60 22 27 6 18 9 6 167 269 139 118 119 43 10 161 12 404 12 048 877 1 377 980 1 538 2 009 2 764 1 626 1 661 1 960 213 219 307 4 241 4 980 4 109 1 666 2 158 1 928 26 816 22 933 31 934 Appendix table 2. Population with a tertiary in 2000 and 2008 Tertiary Fields of science 2000 Total of which women 2008 Total of which women Tertiary s total 959 363 527 502 1 143 638 648 781 Doctorate 14 111 4 375 23 066 9 122 3 226 874 5 124 1 771 1 813 205 3 476 647 4 564 1 741 6 601 3 219 619 237 873 364 2 390 785 4 543 2 007 1 499 533 2 449 1 114 Licentiate 8 466 2 951 9 127 3 721 1 801 596 1 803 682 2 203 337 2 394 440 226 175 256 200 202 86 163 65 2 619 1 073 3 039 1 531 1 415 684 1 472 803 4
Tertiary Fields of science 2000 Total 2008 of which women Total of which women Higher-level tertiary 223 751 23 628 38 267 111 838 11 194 6 043 311 283 33 839 53 107 168 543 16 483 10 591 25 133 15 784 31 390 20 984 9 009 4 036 9 020 4 339 89 321 47 120 130 108 76 203 38 393 27 661 53 819 39 943 Other tertiary s Field of science undefined 713 035 408 338 800 162 467 395 Appendix table 3. Population with a tertiary by principal activity in 2008 Tertiary Tertiary s total Doctorate Licentiate Higher-level tertiary Other tertiary s Field of science Field of science undefined Principal activity Principal activity total 1 143 638 23 066 5 124 3 476 6 601 873 4 543 2 449 9 127 1 803 2 394 256 163 3 039 1 472 311 283 33 839 53 107 31 390 9 020 130 108 53 819 800 162 In labour force Employed Unemployed Not in labour force 934 492 19 588 4 255 3 108 5 666 713 3 889 1 957 7 246 1 361 2 028 206 125 2 456 1 070 266 784 28 597 46 626 27 222 7 261 113 608 43 470 640 874 893 212 19 120 4 101 3 061 5 613 688 3 780 1 877 6 934 1 289 1 962 203 116 2 373 991 256 926 27 136 45 230 26 931 7 001 109 775 40 853 610 232 41 280 468 154 47 53 25 109 80 312 72 66 3 9 83 79 9 858 1 461 1 396 291 260 3 833 2 617 30 642 209 146 3 478 869 368 935 160 654 492 1 881 442 366 50 38 583 402 44 499 5 242 6 481 4 168 1 759 16 500 10 349 159 288 5
Appendix table 4. Employed population with tertiary level education in 2008 by Industry and Tertiary Industrial activity 2008 Toimialat yhteensä Agriculture, forestry and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacture of food, beverages and tobacco Manufacture of textiles and leather Manufacture of wood and paper, printing Manufacture of coke and petroleum, rubber and plastic products Manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceutical products Manufacture of basic metals and metal products Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment Other machinery and equipment Motor vehicles Other manufacturing Electricity, gas and water supply and waste management Construction Whole sale and retail trade, accommodation and food service Transportation and storage Computer programming and consultancy Other information and communication Financial and incurance activities Research institutes in public sector Other reseach and development Professional and technical activities Administrative and support service activities Public administration Universities Other tertiary level education Other education Health and social services Other industries Industry unknown Tertiary total 893 212 17 042 1 150 6 973 2 426 14 587 4 441 7 411 13 061 30 631 19 602 4 044 12 862 8 541 27 518 93 166 24 470 27 834 23 250 30 280 8 896 2 807 70 835 26 038 73 461 24 765 9 081 89 849 166 233 51 585 373 Doctorate Licensiate Higher tertiary 19 120 65 16 42 4 57 25 321 50 522 116 15 70 48 26 291 31 243 141 135 1 622 409 725 109 1 217 7 012 668 674 3 743 716 7 6 934 39 8 9 3 49 28 105 65 309 77 15 54 40 41 164 33 169 114 124 434 102 518 55 777 1 314 665 799 454 370 0 256 926 2 288 294 1 384 334 2 776 968 2 656 2 460 11 933 5 111 695 2 040 1 877 2 409 12 986 3 064 10 640 7 459 8 352 4 295 1 259 24 249 5 196 25 013 11 790 4 968 54 746 29 502 16 025 157 Other tertiary 610 232 14 650 832 5 538 2 085 11 705 3 420 4 329 10 486 17 867 14 298 3 319 10 698 6 576 25 042 79 725 21 342 16 782 15 536 21 669 2 545 1 037 45 343 20 678 46 454 4 649 2 780 33 630 132 534 34 474 209 6
Appendix figures Appendix figure 1. Doctorate and licentiate s in 1993-2009 In 2009, 1642 doctorate s were completed, which was more than 100 s more that in the previous year. The number of doctorate s is now triple compared with the situation at the beginning of the early 1990s. The number of licentiates has halved in ten years. Only 307 licentiate s were completed in 2009. Appendix figure 2. Doctorate level s and the proportion of women 1992-2009 In 2009, one half of those having completed doctorate s, or 51 per cent, were women. In the early 1990s women made up one third of doctors. 7
Appendix figure 3. Persons with doctorate, median ages by the field of science in 1992-2009 The youngest doctorate holders are found in the fields of natural sciences and technology. Their median age is a little over 30 years. Those completing doctorate s in the fields of social sciences and humanities and arts are about eight years older. Appendix figure 4. Persons with tertiary s as a proportion of the population aged 16 to 74 in 2000-2008 The proportion of the population with tertiary level s has grown steadily at the annual rate of 0.5 per cent throughout the 2000s. In 2008, 29 per cent of the population were highly educated. Nine per cent of the population have completed doctorate or higher tertiary level s. 8
Appendix figure 5. Unemployment rates of persons with doctorate level and higher- level tertiary education by the field of science in 2008 Highly educated population finds employment better than the rest of the population. In 2008, 4.4 per cent of them were unemployed. At the same time the unemployment rate of total population was 6.4 per cent. Those with tertiary level s from medical and health sciences found employment the easiest. Only one per cent of them were unemployed. Those with s from humanities and arts have the weakest possibilities for finding employment. Their unemployment rate was six per cent. Appendix figure 6. Persons with doctorate level and higher- level tertiary education as a percentage by the field of science in 2008 In Finland the highest educated population has completed s from the field of social sciences. Forty per cent of those with doctorate level or higher tertiary level s were social scientists. The large proportion of social sciences is explained by the fact that in addition to social scientists, this main group also includes educational science, law and business. The next biggest group of the highly educated, or 17 per cent, comes from the fields of humanities and arts, and technology. Those with doctorate level s are more evenly divided into fields of science. Around one fifth of those with doctorate level s are in each of the fields of social, medical and health and natural sciences. 9
Science, Technology and Information Society 2011 Inquiries Marianne Kaplas (09) 1734 3421 Director in charge: Leena Storgårds tiede.teknologia@stat.fi www.stat.fi Source: Human resources of science and technology 2009. Statistics Finland Statistics Finland, Sales Services P.O.Box 2 C FI-00022 STATISTICS FINLAND Tel. +358-9-1734 2011 Fax +358-9-1734 2500 sales@stat.fi www.stat.fi ISSN 1796-0479 = Official Statistics of Finland ISSN 1797-3244 (pdf)