SOCRATIVE RESPIRATION 1. Base your answer to the following question on the choices below. (A) Glycolysis (B) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) (C) Calvin Cycle (light independent reactions of photosynthesis) (D) Light dependent reactions of photosynthesis (E) Oxidative phosphorylation Process in which water molecules are decomposed in oxidation-reduction reactions 2. The function of the electron transport proteins in the thylakoid membranes is to A) prepare oxygen for eventual incorporation into glucose B) produce of NADPH by substrate-level phosphorylation C) produce of ADP by chemiosmosis D) pump hydrogen ions into the inner cristae space for later generation of ATP by chemiosmosis E) pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space for later generation of ATP by chemiosmosis 3. Which of the following compounds is NOT found in the Calvin cycle? A) ATP B) NADPH C) Oxaloacetic acid D) Rubisco E) RuBP 4. During photosynthesis, energized photosystems embedded in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts produce which of the following? A) ATP and NAD + B) ATP and NADPH C) ADP and H2O D) Sugar and O2 E) H2O and ATP 5. Which materials are utilized during the Calvin cycle in order to reduce fixed carbon to carbohydrate? A) Sunlight B) NADPH and ADP C) O2 and CH2O D) Electrons and ATP E) NADP + and CO2 6. The proton gradient created across the thylakoid membrane depends greatly on which of the following as its source of power? 9. In the light reaction, NADP is reduced by A) ATPase B) CO2 C) H + D) O2 E) light energy 10. Which of the following is produced in the light reaction? A) H2O B) CO2 C) Glucose D) NADP E) O2 11. During photolysis, the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis, A) oxygen is released as a by-product of the redox reactions B) chlorophyll pigments absorb green light C) the majority of chemical reactions take place in the thylakoid disks, which are located in the ribosome D) RuBP combines with carbon dioxide to make a six-carbon molecule E) PGAL diffuses out of the chloroplast and produces substances such as sucrose and starch 12. Chemiosmosis in photosynthesis occurs A) across the chloroplast membrane B) across the plasma membrane C) across the thylakoid membrane D) within the grana only E) within the stroma only 13. Maple trees and tulips are classified as autotrophs because they both A) produce gametes by the process of mitosis B) produce carbon dioxide and water as metabolic wastes C) are able to obtain complex organic materials from the environment D) are able to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic raw materials 14. Photosynthesis transforms molecules of water and carbon dioxide into molecules of A) glucose and oxygen B) glucose and nitrogen C) polypeptide and oxygen D) polypeptide and nitrogen 15. The chart below lists substances involved in the process of photosynthesis. A) Oxygen B) Light C) NADPH D) ATP E) CO2 7. When the stomata are closed at night, A) carbon dioxide does not enter the leaf and water vapor does not leave the leaf. B) photosynthesis occurs and the leaf conserves water. C) gas exchange and water loss occurs. D) the guard cells surrounding the stomata are turgid. E) carbon dioxide enters the leaf and water leaves the leaf. 8. The amount of dissolved oxygen in water depends on all of the following EXCEPT A) Temperature B) Time of day C) Respiration rate D) Salinity E) Photosynthesis rate Which statement best describes how these substances interact in photosynthesis? A) A and B combine to produce C and D. B) B and C combine to produce A and D. C) C and D combine to produce A and B. D) A and C combine to produce B and D. 16. An enzyme known as rubisco enables plants use large amounts of carbon dioxide. This enzyme is most likely active in the A) nucleus B) vacuoles C) mitochondria D) chloroplasts
17. A biological process that occurs in plants is represented below. Which row in the chart below identifies the lettered substances in this process? A) (1) B) (2) C) (3) D) (4) 18. The diagram below represents part of a life process in a leaf chloroplast. 21. An experimental setup is shown below. Which hypothesis would most likely be tested using this setup? If the process illustrated in the diagram is interrupted by a chemical at point X, there would be an immediate effect on the release of A) chlorophyll B) nitrogen C) carbon dioxide D) oxygen 19. During the process of photosynthesis, energy from the Sun is converted into A) chemical energy in the bonds of inorganic molecules B) chemical energy in the bonds of organic molecules C) enzymes used to produce inorganic molecules D) enzymes used to produce organic molecules 20. The synthesis of carbohydrates occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. This process uses energy supplied by A) ATP B) CO2 C) PGAL D) O2 A) Light is needed for the process of reproduction. B) Glucose is not synthesized by plants in the dark. C) Protein synthesis takes place in leaves. D) Plants need fertilizers for proper growth. Base your answers to questions 22 through 24 on the choices below. (A) Stroma (B) Grana (C) Photolysis (D) Chlorophyll a (E) Rubisco 22. Catalyzes a reaction in which CO2 and a 5-carbon molecule combine to make an unstable 6-carbon molecule 23. Structures that look like stacks of coins 24. Contains enzymes of the carbon-fixing reactions 25. Which process usually uses carbon dioxide molecules? A) cellular respiration B) asexual reproduction C) active transport D) autotrophic nutrition
26. Which phrase, if placed in box X, would correctly complete the flowchart shown below? A) Increased use of starch in root cells B) Increased concentration of glucose in leaf cells C) Decreased ATP in root cells D) Decreased concentration of oxygen in leaf cells 27. In the setup shown below, which color light will cause the plant to produce the smallest number of gas bubbles? 30. The chart below contains both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms. Organisms that carry out only heterotrophic nutrition are found in A) row A, only B) row B, only C) rows A and B D) rows A and C 31. Which statement best describes the starch, a type of carbohydrate, content of two leaves taken from the same plant shown in the chart below? A) red B) orange C) blue D) green 28. The diagram below which represents a cross section of a leaf of a green plant, showing an opening (stomate) in the lower surface. A) Neither leaf contains starch. B) Both leaves contain the same amount of starch. C) Leaf A contains more starch than leaf B. D) Leaf B contains more starch than leaf A. 32. In the transfer of energy from the Sun to ecosystems, which molecule is one of the first to store this energy? A) protein B) fat C) DNA D) glucose 33. Most of the oxygen gas present in the atmosphere is produced as a result of A) photochemical reactions B) cellular respiration C) dehydration synthesis D) alcoholic fermentation 34. In the photosynthetic reaction, which event normally occurs before the other three? A stomate in the lower surface of the leaf has a function most similar to the function of which cell structure? A) cell membrane B) vacuole C) ribosome D) nucleus A) oxygen release B) water absorption C) PGAL synthesis D) glucose formation 35. Which process is represented by the arrow in the diagram below? 29. Autotrophs differ from heterotrophs in that only autotrophs A) require carbon dioxide for cellular respiration B) release oxygen as a product of cellular respiration C) synthesize nutrients using carbon dioxide and water D) break down sugars to assemble other molecules A) fermentation B) photosynthesis C) oxidation of glucose D) hydrolysis of nutrients
36. Base your answer to the following question on the information and graph below and on your knowledge of biology. A student conducts an experiment to determine how the amount of light affects the rate of oxygen production in a plant. The graph represents the rate of oxygen produced for one trial, X, in the experiment. By the end of the experiment, the plant had not reached maximum oxygen production. The diagram above represents a cell from the plant being used in the study. Draw an arrow to a cell structure directly responsible for oxygen production in this cell. The tip of the arrow must touch the cell structure. Base your answers to questions 37 through 39 on the diagram below. The diagram represents plant photosynthetic activities taking place in a "food factory." 37. Which substance is most likely represented by letter B? A) RNA B) glucose C) alcohol D) auxin 38. Which gas is represented by letter A? A) oxygen B) nitrogen C) methane D) carbon dioxide
39. The chemical synthesis area most likely contains A) enzymes necessary for fermentation B) structural components known as grana C) enzymes necessary for carbon-fixation reactions D) structural components known as mitochondria Base your answers to questions 40 and 41 on the diagram below, which is a concept map that shows the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration, and on your knowledge of biology. 40. Which molecule belongs in area Y? A) water B) oxygen C) glucose D) hydrogen 41. Which molecule belongs in area X? A) lactic acid B) carbon dioxide C) water D) oxygen Base your answers to questions 42 and 43 on the diagram below, which represents some metabolic activities in a chloroplast, and on your knowledge of biology. 42. Which substance acts as an immediate energy source for the reactions that occur in the part of the diagram labeled B? A) O2 B) CO2 C) PGAL D) ATP 43.Which substance diffuses in the direction of arrow 1 after it is formed in the structure represented in area A? A) carbon dioxide B) glucose C) oxygen D) starch
44. The cells of some organisms contain both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Which statement describes what would happen in these cells if they were moved from a light environment to a dark one? A) The amount of oxygen present would decrease and the amount of carbon dioxide would increase. B) The amount of glucose present would increase and ATP would no longer be available. C) The amount of carbon dioxide present would decrease and ATP would continue to be synthesized. D) The amount of oxygen present would increase and the amount of glucose available would decrease. 45. Organisms generally referred to as plants are NOT A) parasitic B) holotrophic C) holophytic D) autotrophic E) heterotrophic 46. Where do CAM plants store the organic acids they make during the night? A) The stroma of the chloroplasts. B) The vascular bundles of the stem. C) The vacuoles of mesophyll cells. D) The cytosol of the guard cells. E) The aquaporins. Base your answers to questions 47 through 49 on the image below. 50. The light independent reaction is part of A) cyclic phosphorylation B) noncyclic photophosphorylation C) oxidative phosphorylation D) both a and b E) none of the above 51. All of the following photosynthetic processes must occur during the day EXCEPT A) chemiosmosis B) hydrogenation C) magnesium excitation D) PGAL synthesis E) photolysis 52. Photolysis in photosynthesis A) splits oxygen gas B) synthesizes oxygen gas C) splits water D) synthesizes water E) splits light with magnesium 53. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. 47. The organic compound exported from the Calvin cycle is A) carbon dioxide B) G3P C) NADP D) sucrose E) glycerin 48. If this plant is undergoing photorespiration, the Calvin cycle will release A) oxygen B) ATP C) sucrose D) carbon dioxide E) water 49. During photosynthesis, letter X marks the spot for which of the following processes? A) Calvin cycle, glycolysis, and ATP synthesis B) Calvin cycle, electron transport chain, and photosystem I C) Photophosphorylation, photosystem I, and carbon fixation D) Carbon fixation, electron transport chain, and ATP synthesis E) Photosystem II, electron transport chain, and photosystem I Photosynthesis in both C3 and C4 plants occurs in A) A only B) B only C) C only D) B and C only E) A, B and C 54. The gas needed for photosynthesis is A) CO2 obtained by diffusion through the upper epidermis B) CO2 obtained by diffusion regulated by guard cells C) H2O obtained by osmosis through veins D) O2 obtained by diffusion through veins E) O2 obtained by diffusion regulated by guard cells 55. Cyclic photophosphorylation takes place during A) aerobic respiration B) anaerobic respiration C) carbon fixation D) photolysis E) the light reactions
56. In an experiment a drop of leaf extract containing five components was placed near the bottom of a chromatography paper. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A) In the next step of the experiment the paper should be placed in a solvent which moves up the paper by capillary action. B) As the solvent touches the extract, each component within the extract moves at a different rate. C) In the end, five spots should appear on the paper. D) Pigments move at different rates according to their ability to dissolve in the solvent. E) The pigment that dissolves the best moves up the paper the slowest. 57. Four leaf pigments are mixed together during a laboratory experiment. What method would you use to separate these components? A) Gel electrophoresis B) Paper chromatography C) Respirometer D) Sphygmomanometer E) Plasmids 63. Which of the following are reactants in photosynthesis? A) Glucose B) Oxygen C) Carbon dioxide and water D) Carbon dioxide and glucose E) Nitrogen 64. The enzyme RuBP (RuDP) carboxylase helps initiate which of the following processes? A) The Calvin cycle in C3 plants B) Photolysis in C3 plants C) The ammonification stage of the nitrogen cycle D) The denitrification stage of the nitrogen cycle E) The Kreb's cycle 65. Chlorophyll absorbs which of the following wavelengths of light least efficiently? A) Green B) Blue C) Violet D) Red E) Orange 58. How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related in plants? A) Both respiration and photosynthesis use the same starting materials. B) Both respiration and photosynthesis have the same product. C) The products of photosynthesis are the starting materials for respiration, and vice versa. D) They occur in the same organelles. E) They are not related. 59. Base your answer to the following question on the 5 lettered headings listed below. Select the single heading that most directly applies to the subsequent statement. Each heading may be used once, more than once, or not at all within its group. (A) C3 (B) C4 (C) CAM (D) Photosystem I (E) Photosystem II Uses the Calvin Cycle for the initial steps that incorporate carbon dioxide into 4-C compounds. The first stable intermediate is a 3-C compound. 60. ATP synthase in the inner mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes is a A) nucleic acid B) protein C) glycocalyx D) triglyceride E) phospholipid 61. The process of fixing carbon dioxide into carbohydrates occurs in the A) carbon photophosphorylation B) glycolysis C) light dependent process D) light independent process E) synthesis of ATP 62. Which is the main photosynthetic tissue of plants? A) mesophyll B) Pericycle C) Cuticle D) Stem E) Xylem
66. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams of organic molecules below. This molecule is a product of photosynthesis.
Answer Key Respiration Quest 1. D 2. E 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. E 10. E 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. B 22. E 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 39. C 40. C 41. D 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. E 46. A 47. B 48. D 49. E 50. E 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. E 56. E 57. B 58. C 59. A 60. B 61. D 62. A 63. C 64. A 65. A 66. E 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. B 36. 37. B 38. D