Cells S7L2: Students will describe the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. b. Relate cell structures (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and mitochondria) to basic cell functions. c. Explain that cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into systems, and systems into organisms. Must Know Vocab My clue to remember Definition Cell The basic unit of structure and function in all living things. Cell Theory Prokaryote Developed by Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow-describes the relationship between cells and living things. An cell that does not contain a nucleus. Example: bacteria. Eukaryote An cell that does contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Example: plant, animal, fungi and protest cells DNA Chromatin Deoxyribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that contains all of the instructions for living things. It is genetic material found in a cell s nucleus. Unwound chromosomes. Chromosomes Dense, DNA-containing structures in the nucleus of a cell. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes which contain all of their DNA Organelle Tiny organ -the tiny structures found within cells that carry out specific functions (jobs) within the cells.
Must Know Vocab My picture Clue Definition Nucleus The control center of the cell; found near the center of the cell it contains all of the DNA and directs all of the cell s activities. Nucleolus A tiny dark structure inside the nucleus (nucleolus means tiny nucleus ) responsible for making ribosomes. Cell wall A rigid outer covering made of cellulose (like the stringy stuff in celery) that protects plant, fungi and some protest cells. Cell membrane Flexible membrane that surrounds all cells. In cells that have a cell wall it is just inside the cell wall. In other cells it is the outermost covering. Mitochondria The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration; taking in sugar and turning it into energy the cell can use. Chloroplast Chlorophyll The chloroplast is found only in autotrophic cells that use sunlight to make sugar. The green pigment chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight, and the chloroplast uses that energy to make sugar fro m carbon dioxide and water. Green pigment that absorbs energy from sunlight and causes plants to look green.
Should Know Vocab My Picture Clue Definition Golgi Bodies A series of flattened sac-like membranes that are responsible for packaging materials and sending them to other parts of the cell or outside of the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum A series of tubes in the cell that transports proteins and other materials around the cell. Ribosome A tiny structure that makes proteins. It can be found attached to the ER or free in the cytoplasm. Protein One of the four basic chemical building blocks of cells; proteins are what make up most structures in cells and also make up enzymes. Vacuole A storage area in the cell. Some store food, some store water. In plants there is a large central vacuole that stores water. Cytoplasm A jellylike substance that fills the cell and all organelles are found in it. Some chemical reactions take place in the cytoplasm. Lysosome An organelle that cleans up the cell by digesting old cell parts, bacteria, and other things that need to be broken down into smaller pieces. Waste Materials that the cell can not use. The lysosome sends them out of the cell to be excreted.
Should Know Vocab My Picture Clue Definition Nutrients The vitamins and minerals that our cells need from food. The useful substances in our food. Enzymes A special type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions and is involved in digestion of food. Plant Cell Eukaryotic cells that make up plants; they include a cell wall, chloroplasts and a large central vacuole. Animal Cell Bacterial Cell Eukaryotic cells that make up animals. They have the cell membrane as their outside barrier and lack the cell wall and chloroplasts that a plant cell contains. A prokaryotic cell that lacks the membrane-bound organelles that you find in plant and animal cells. Learning Targets: 1. I can distinguish living things from non-living things. 2. I can explain the relationship between the structures and functions of cell organelles. 3. I can establish how each part of the cell is essential to survival. 4. I can compare and contrast plant, animal and bacterial cells.
Cell Processes a. Explain that cells take in nutrients in order to grow and divide and to make needed materials. b. Relate cell structures (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and mitochondria) to basic cell functions. c. Explain that cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into systems, and systems into organisms. Must Know Vocab Definition My clue to remember Active transport Passive transport Diffusion Engulfing Transport Protein/Carrier Protein Facilitated Transport Endocytosis Exocytosis Selectively Permeable Osmosis Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic concentration
Must-Know Vocab Definition My Clue to Remember Solute Solvent Mitosis Meiosis Nitrogen cycle Homeostasis Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Tissue Organ Organ system Organism Nitrogen cycle Learning Targets: 1. I can describe how cells take in nutrients in order to grow and divide and to make needed materials. 2. I can explain the relationship between the structures and functions of cell organelles. 3. I can investigate how cells maintain homeostasis in changing environments. 4. I can discuss how cells are organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems to make up an organism. 5. I can determine how cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems work together to fulfill an organism's need for oxygen, food, and waste removal.