BU CONTRACTORS. Sika Solutions for Structural Strengthening

Sika Solutions for Structural Strengthening 1

Strengthening If the existing steel reinforcement is reduced in capacity due to: Corrosion Traffic loads increase (e.g. permissible axle weights), Improvement of structural design or seismic resistance Then reinforced concrete structures have to be strengthened! 2

Strengthening Requirements High tensile resistance or high modulus of elasticity to reinforce and upgrade the structurally deficient beams, slabs, columns, etc. Easy to install and corrosion resistant materials for exposed environments. Fast application to reduce traffic closure or down time of business. 3

Strengthening in the Past Sika has been involved in structural strengthening since the development of the technology in the 1960 s using bonded steel plates. With bonded steel plates in the middle of 1960 s First trials with CFRP with the Swiss Federal Institute of Materials (EMPA) took place in the 1980 s 4

Strengthening Today with FRP Since1991 Sika has been a pioneer with the development of carbon fibre reinforced polymers based structural strengthening systems. Sika provides a full range of fully tested and approved strengthening systems... unlimited plate lengths... 5

Structural Strengthening Sika CarboDur: Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Sika range the Brands: Sika CarboDur plates, SikaWrap fabrics, CarboStressprestressing, CarboShear L Shear strengthening, Sikadur 2K-epoxy Sika CarboDur plates SikaWrap fabrics 6

Sika Carbodur CFRP Plates 1.2 Mio. parallel fibers in a CarboDur S512 plate Ø = 5-7 m Fibre volume content > 70% 7

prod_info_ carbodur.p pt Sika CarboDur 8

CarboDur Plate Properties High tensile strength or stiffness Non-corroding High fatigue resistance Low weight any length available (no joints) Temperature extension ~ 0 No yielding like steel small variation of the mechanical properties extreme tension properties, but only in the longitudinal direction Very easy to handle 9

prod_info_ carbodur.p pt Mechanical Properties Sika CarboDur S Sika CarboDur M Sika CarboDur H Elastic modulus (longitudinal) [N/mm 2 ] Tensile strength, guaranteed [N/mm 2 ] 165'000 210'000 300'000 > 2'800 > 2'400 > 1'300 Strain, guaranteed [%] > 1.7 > 1.2 > 0.45 10

prod_info_ carbodur.p pt Stress-Strain Sika CarboDur S, M, H 11

system_ca rbodur_pla tes.ppt Sika CarboDur vs Steel Plates No limits in length Easy for application Low weight plates Easy for crossing Thin plates (1.2-1.4 mm) High material cost-very low application cost 12

system_ca rbodur_pla tes.ppt Sika CarboDur vs Steel Plates No corrosion with Sika CarboDur plates High fabrication cost in factory High application cost for steel plates - anchorage / propping 13

Sika Solutions for Flexural Strengthening Structural strengthening systems for the flexural strengthening of bridge decks, consisting of Sikadur structural epoxy adhesives and: The carbon fibre reinforced polymer based, pultruded plate system Sika CarboDur The post-tensioning system for structural strengthening Sika CarboStress 14

Sika Solutions for Flexural Strengthening Strengthening systems for the shear strengthening of beams and columns, consisting of Sikadur structural epoxy adhesives and: Prefabricated L-shape plates Sika CarboShear L for application on beams Uni- or bi-directional SikaWrap fabric strengthening systems based on carbon fibre for application on beams and columns 15

prod_info_ carbodur.p pt Sika CarboShear L -shaped plates 16

prod_info_ carbodur.p pt Sika CarboShear L -shaped plates System Components Sika CarboShear L Width: Thickness: Leg length: 40 mm 1.4 mm 200 x 500 mm 300 x 700 mm 500 x 1 000 mm Sikadur -30 Structural Epoxy Adhesive 17

Sika Solutions for Shear Strengthening system_ca rbodur_wr ap.ppt Structures P Shear Strengthening 18

prod_info_ carbodur.p pt SikaWrap Composite Fabrics CFRP GFRP Wet lay-up Dry lay-up 19

Structural Strengthening... on GFRP bridge girder... (TWI / Swissfiber)... on cast iron beams... 20

Structural Strengthening 21

Structural Strengthening system_ca rbodur_pla tes.ppt 22

Sika Solutions for Axial Strengthening Strengthening systems for the axial strengthening of columns, consisting of Sikadur epoxy adhesives and: Uni- or bi-directional SikaWrap fabrics, based on glass or carbon fibres 28

Sika Solutions for Axial Strengthening system_ca rbodur_wr ap.ppt Structures Additional loads Earthquake Ductility 29

Structural Strengthening 30

system_ca rbodur_wr ap.ppt 31

37 Sika CarboDur Near Surface Mounted Strengthening System

Comparison of CarboDur and CarboDur NSM 38 External Reinforcement Near Surface Mounted Reinforcement Well-known system Wide plates Surface preparation necessary Suitable for concrete, steel, masonry, timber and GFRP structures New system Narrow plates or rods No surface preparation Suitable for concrete, masonry and timber structures

Historic Masonry Tower, Vercilli Castle, Italy 39 Vertical cracks in masonry tower Slots in masonry bed joints Sika AnchorFix 3+ Adhesive CarboDur BC 5 (5mm diameter)

Near Surface Mounted (NSM) reinforcement 40 Cut groove in concrete cover of internal reinforcement Fill with adhesive Place CFRP plate 1. cut groove 2. Fill with adhesive 3. Place CFRP plate concrete cover internal steel reinforcement

Installation of NSM plates in concrete slab 41 Fill with Sikadur-330 adhesive Place CarboDur plates Cut Slots

Parking Garage, Soazza, Switzerland 42 Insufficient top reinforcement Anchoring in cracked concrete slab possible Reduced surface preparation

Cattagunya Dam, Australia 43 Cracks in concrete dam 11 000 m CarboDur BC8 (8mm rods)

Profiles and Adhesives for NSM reinforcement 44 Rectangular profiles Circular profiles (rods) Type S width mm t mm A mm2 Type BC diameter mm A mm2 S1.030 10 3.0 30 S1.525 15 2.5 37.5 S2.025 20 2.5 50 E-Modulus [GPa] 165 Tensile Strength [MPa] 3100 BC 6 6 28 BC 8 8 50 BC 10 10 79 BC 12 12 113 E-Modulus [GPa] 140 Tensile Strength [MPa] 3100 Adhesives: Sikadur-330 (universal) Sikadur-300 (horizontal) Sikadur-30 (large rods) AnchorFix-3+ (small jobs)

Advantages of NSM plates 45 Confined from 3 sides, no surface debonding Short end anchorage length End anchorage in cracked concrete possible Full design tensile force can be end anchored (like internal steel reinforcement) Nearly invisible after application

Advantages of NSM plates 46 Not depending on concrete surface tensile strength Reduced surface preparation on uneven substrate (old concrete, masonry) No corrosion protection required Not exposed to mechanical damage No buckling suitable for compression zone and compressed members earthquake loaded frames with change of direction of flexure

Typical Applications of NSM reinforcement 47 Concrete slabs over columns, cantilevers (balcony) Short anchorage length, bond critical for externally bonded plates Seismic resistant RC frames Resistant to compressive force if confined by SikaWrap, positive-negative moments change Masonry Weak substrate Reduced surface preparation Invisible Timber beams Invisible strengthening

prod_info_ carbodur.p pt Sika CarboDur Heating Device 48

prod_info_ carbodur.p pt Reasons for use Fast Curing of Structural Adhesive Application at low Temperatures For Elevated Service Temperatures (Increase glass trans) Application Even Under Dynamic Loading 49

prod_info_ carbodur.p pt Load-Deflection Diagram 50

prod_info_ carbodur.p pt Using the Sika CarboDur Heating Device Curing of Sikadur epoxy adhesives is achieved in 2-4 hours There is no reduction of the load-bearing capacity of structures exposed to dynamic load during the curing time of Sikadur epoxy adhesives and those without dynamic load 51

Thank you Technologically Advanced Solutions 52