Sustainable Water Resources Management The Clayton County Water Authority Example
Sustainable To keep in existence or maintain To supply with necessities or nourishment; to provide for Natural resource sustainability wise use of the resource without diminishing its value to man or the natural environment
The Clayton County Water Authority
CCWA Created in 1955 by State Legislature Service Area & watershed includes World s busiest airport 260,000 people I-285, I-75 & I-675 corridors Ft. Gillem
Water Resource Issues Surface water supplies are very limited Limited groundwater availability Raw water quality is impacted by urban development Federal, State and local efforts aimed at allocating water supplies in the region Tri-State water negotiations Alabama, Florida & Georgia Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District
Strategic Planning key step to sustainability
Clayton County Population Historical and Projected 300000 250000 200000 185000 196000 216000 236000 258000 227000 256000 292000 150000 100000 50000 0 1990 1995 2000 2000 2004 2005 2010 2020 Census
Water Production 45.0 40.0 35.0 Perm it Lim it 30.0 Flow (mgd) 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Year Average Annual Production Reduced Water Use a Result of: Drought & Watering Restrictions Low Flow Plumbing Fixtures Improved Leak Detection & Repair 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 1999 Wastewater Flows 35.0 30.0 Permit Limit 25.0 20.0 15.0 Average Annual Flow 10.0 5.0 0.0 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Year Flow (mgd)
CCWA Strategic Planning CCWA has been developing Capital Improvement Master Plans and associated financial plans since 1960 The last comprehensive Master Plan was developed in 2000 Twenty Year Master Plan to identify future water & wastewater service and infrastructure needs Determined that all four Water Reclamation Facilities needed to be expanded and upgraded Transition from land application to constructed wetlands Upgrades and minor expansion to Water Production Plants
Water Production & Water Reclamation
Land Application of Treated Wastewater In the 1970s, Clayton County identified land application as the best alternative for improving water quality in headwater streams & supplementing water supplies Over 2,400 forested acres receiving spray irrigation of treated wastewater since 1980
Land Application of Treated Wastewater Yield study determined that 70% of treated wastewater sprayed onto the site was returned as streamflow Withdrawal from Hooper reservoir 7 miles downstream has been in use since land application system was constructed in 1980 Withdrawal from Blalock reservoir put into use in 1999
Transition from Land Application to Constructed Wetalnds Existing land application system 20,000 sprinkler heads Over 300 miles of pipe At least 100 acres for every 1 mgd treated Maintenance becoming overwhelming for this 20 year old system Large tracts of land for expansion becoming more expensive and more difficult to find Determined that this is not a sustainable alternative for future expansions
Water Reclamation Using Constructed Wetlands Existing land application acreage will be converted to constructed wetlands Will increase treatment capacity More efficient water recharge Lower maintenance and operational costs Recreational & educational benefits Continues tradition of natural treatment
Different types of wetlands can be designed to treat pollutants Natural Wetlands Distribution Pipe Outflow Surface Flow Constructed Wetland Distribution Pipe Low Permeability Soil Outlet Weir Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Distribution Pipe Adjustable Stand Pipe Low Permeability Soil
Wetlands use natural processes to improve water quality Emergent Plants Transformation and Volatilization (C, N) Water Hydraulic Loading Microbes Sedimentation and Sorption (BOD 5, TSS, N, P) Diffusion (N, P) Outflow Detritus Soils Roots/Rhizomes Design Parameters: Loading Rate, Area, Depth, Vegetation, Inflow Concentration Natural processes determine design.
Panhandle Road Constructed Wetlands
Bird Sanctuary
Huie Phase 1 Constructed Wetlands
Wetland Nitrate (NO ) Data 3- Panhandle Nitrate Data for 2004 Influent NO3 Effluent NO3 1.8 1.6 1.4 NO3 (mg/l) 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Jan-04 Feb-04 Mar-04 Apr-04 May-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04 Sep-04 Oct-04 Nov-04 Dec-04 Jan-05 Time (mm/yy)
Total Phosphorous (TP) Panhandle Phosphorus Data for 2004 Influent TP Effluent TP 3 2.5 TP (mg/l) 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Jan-04 Feb-04 Mar-04 Apr-04 May-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04 Sep-04 Oct-04 Nov-04 Dec-04 Jan-05 Time (mm/yy)
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Panhandle TSS Data for 2004 Influent TSS Effluent TSS 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Dec-03 Jan-04 Mar-04 Apr-04 May-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04 Sep-04 Nov-04 Time (mm/yy) TSS (mg/l)
Turbidity (Partial Data Set) Turbidity (Partial Data Set) Turbidity Influent Effluent 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 NTU 2.0 1.0 0.0 Jul-04 Jun-04 May-04 Apr-04 Mar-04 Feb-04 Jan-04 Dec-03 Nov-03 Oct-03 Sep-03 Aug-03 Jul-03 Jun-03 Sampling Date (2003-2004)
Indirect Potable Reuse One objective of CCWA s 2000 Master Plan was to recapture reclaimed water to insure a dependable water supply for Clayton County Planning for Indirect Potable Reuse involved the following steps: Appropriate water reclamation and water treatment technologies Review by independent experts Source water protection Water quality monitoring Public relations and education
Water Reclamation No formal guidance from State of Georgia for indirect potable reuse Reuse Task Force has developed draft guidelines which have been under review by the State Focused on multiple barrier approach and redundancy Monitoring for turbidity, TOCs and pathogens
Water Reclamation Advanced secondary treatment utilitzing extended aeration Typical treatment results: BOD5 2 5 mg/l Turbidity 2 5 mg/l F. coliform 0 80 MPN/100ml TOC 5 mg/l Meets draft reuse guidelines for Discharge to Water Supply Discharged to constructed wetlands then discharges to upstream end of reservoirs Residence times from plant discharge exceed 500 days for normal conditions
Water Reclamation Constructed wetlands expected to provide an additional 10% to 20% removal of conventional pollutants Residence time in wetlands and reservoirs Over 500 days under normal conditions Over 180 days at design flows and drought conditions Raw water reservoirs with up to 2 billion gallons of storage with natural and pumped inflows
Water Treatment Three coagulation/filtration plants one utilizing the claricone upward flow process All plants meet enhanced coagulation criteria based on TOC removal Added Ultraviolet Light advanced disinfection units at each plant to provide an additional barrier
Public Relations & Education Treatment Wetlands Water Trtmt. Facility WW Facility
Watershed and Stormwater Management protecting the Natural Resource
Source Water Protection and Watershed Management Clayton County s source water watersheds are heavily urbanized and include one of the worlds busiest airports Ethylene glycol spill from airport recently resulted in taste and odor complaints for an adjacent water utility CCWA has worked with the County to develop a watershed protection plan to address new development and areas where water quality is already impacted CCWA is now working with the County and local Cities to develop a storm water utility and take responsibility for storm water management
Watershed Management Extensive water quality monitoring New development requirements to address water quality impacts Extensive public education Stream naming contest Adopt-A-Stream Environmentally friendly developer awards Stream Restoration and greenspace program
Jesters Creek at Gateway Stream Restoration Project Improve poor quality streams Construct a new stable stream channel based on natural stream conditions Reduce stream bank erosion Improve water quality Protect CCWA infrastructure Improve habitat and aesthetics Creates mitigation credits
Cross Vane and Pool
April 23, 2004
Clayton County Water Authority Sustainable Water Resources Management Drinking water, stormwater, wastewater, reclaimed water, raw water.water IS WATER Natural resource sustainability wise use of the resource without diminishing its value to man or the natural environment Questions??