PROGRESS REPORT ON USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN OFF-GRID AREAS PRESENTED BY: ENG. HENRY GICHUNGI

Summary Introduction Pilot project at Merti Merti Load Curve Environmental Benefits Cost Benefit Analysis Village lighting using solar Conclusion

Introduction In the off-grid areas we have a lot of solar potential as there is a lot of space and sunlight Three grid-tie plants have been commissioned by end of 2011 at Mombasa (60 kw at SOS Children s Village), in Nairobi (515 kw at UNEP) and at Merti (10kW Kenya Power) Other solar grid-tie plants under construction are Habaswein 30kW, Hola 60kW, Elwak 50kW, Lodwar 60kW and Mandera 300 kw

Introduction (Cont.) Kenya plans to be a kerosene free nation and there is therefore a lot of emphasis on solar lighting A report by SWERA for the country (2008) indicated that the country received on average 4.5 kwh solar energy per square meter per day. Kenya has a lot of wind especially in the off-grid areas

Introduction (Cont.) Geothermal Biomass Annual global energy requirement Solar energy Hydro-electricity/ wave power Wind energy

Introduction Cont. Other renewable Solar thermal (only thermal) Solar electricity solar thermal Power Wind Biomass Hydro Nuclear Gas Coal Oil

Introduction Cont.

Pilot Project At Merti The first solar grid tie generation plant in off-grid areas was commissioned on 25 th August 2011 at Merti Power Station The production to date has been very encouraging as we have achieved an average of 6.82 sunshine hours per day compared to the annual average for the country of 5.6

Merti Solar Plant Pilot Project At Merti (Cont.)

Pilot Project At Merti (Cont.)

Merti Daily Load Curve 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Monday Tuesday Wenesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 5 0

12.30am 2.00am 3.30am 5.00am 6.30am 8.00am 9.30am 11.00am 12.30pm 2.00pm 3.30pm 5.00pm 6.30pm 8.00pm 9.30pm 11.00pm Merti Daily Load Curve (Cont.) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 SOLAR (KW) DIESEL (KW) TOTAL (KW) 5 0

Environmental Benefits NO. DESCRIPTION QTY UNITS 1Annual Estimated 24,893.00 kwh Production 2Annual Saving in Fuel Costs 3Avoided Carbon Dioxide 1,135,172.68 Ksh 22,248.83 kg

Cost Benefit Analysis CALCULATING INTERNAL RATE OF QTY UNITS RETURN USING ANNUITY METHOD Rated capacity for the grid solar plant at Merti 10.00 kw Maximum output per year using average 24,893.00 kwh of 6.82 sunshine hours per day Total generation cost (fuel and 47.21 Kshs/kWh maintenance) Annual saving on fuel and maintenance 1,175,156.77 Kshs Capital cost for 10 kw grid solar 10,716,655Kshs generation system at Merti Annuity on Capital Cost for 25 years at the Kshs rate of IRR 1,175,099.88 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 9.939%

Cost Benefit Analysis For Other Sites NO STATION CAPACITY IRR (%) 1Merti 10 9.939% 2Habaswein 30 19.568% 3Hola 60 23.158% 4Elwak 50 21.228% 5Lodwar 60 23.152% 6Mandera 300 20.426%

Lodwar Solar Generation Plant

Lodwar Solar Generation Plant (Cont.)

UNEP Solar Plant in Nairobi

SOS Mombasa Solar Plant

SOS Mombasa Solar Plant (Cont.)

Village Lighting Using Solar Two CSR projects for solar village lighting done in off-grid areas: Nasigel in Turkana County 100 lamps (Octber 2010), Lagbogol in Wajir County 100 solar systems with two lamps each (June 2011) The Nasigel project has now operated for more than a year Exciting to see the many solar lamps in use in the homes

Village Lighting Using Solar (Cont.) Nasigel Solar Village Lighting

Village Lighting Using Solar (Cont.) Lagbogol Solar Village Lighting

Village Lighting Using Solar (Cont.) Some perceived advantages of solar village lighting includes: It is relatively cheaper compared to the conventional electrification Due to its ease of installation (plug-in design), it can easily be replicated thereby achieving rapid rural electrification The designs are appropriate for quality lighting for the poor households as there is no danger of electric fires or shock normally associated with poor wiring

Village Lighting Using Solar (Cont.) It is in line with government policy of creating a kerosene free nation and therefore likely to get support from the government The solar lighting is of higher quality, safer to use and more friendly to the environment as compared to kerosene

Village Lighting Using Solar (Cont.) Grant funding amounting to Euros 4 million has been approved by NDF for use in wind and solar generation in off-grid areas Euros 1.2 million will be used for installing solar charging kiosks for day schools in the rural areas with the aim of providing quality lighting for villagers around such schools

Wind Energy 2x250kW wind turbines installed in Marsabit 3x20kW wind turbines installation at Habaswein in progress 2x1kW wind turbines installed in schools at Maikona 4x3kW wind turbines installed in various schools

Marsabit Wind Turbines

Conclusion Plenty of sunshine all year Plenty of space for installation of solar panels Good wind in off-grid areas Environmentally friendly

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