Shifting Patterns of Immigration in Canada s Urban Centers 2007 Jack Jedwab July 25, 200 Highlights -Ontario now receives less than half of Canada s immigrants -Canada had approximately 25 000 less immigrants between 2005 and 2007 and Toronto experienced a near similar decrease in the number of immigrants over that period -Quebec s Share of Canadian Immigration reaches 10 year record -Big increase in the numbers of immigrants heading to Saskatchewan -Permanent Residents numbers once double those of temporary workers now not much greater -Share of refugees declines in Canada Perhaps the biggest change to the pattern of immigrant settlement in Canada in 2007 is Ontario no longer representing the home to the majority of newly arrived immigrants. In 2001 it was the home to nearly 60% of new arrivals but in 2007 it feel to 47%. The decline was particularly apparent in Toronto which in 2001 received nearly half of all new arrivals and dropped to 44% in 2003 and then to under 37% in 2007. Montreal experienced gradual increases rising to 16.4% of all new arrivals to Canada its highest share in the past decade. But while Montreal benefited somewhat from Toronto s decline in percentage several cities outside the big three metropolises picked up greater
numbers of new arrivals. Hence in 2007 the cities outside the MTV received nearly one in three new arrivals. Table 1 Percentage Distribution of Immigrants to Canada by selected provinces and cities, 199-2007 Urban area 199 19992000 2001 20022003 2004 20052006 2007 Percentage distribution Ontario 53.0 54. 5.7 59.3 5.3 54.1 53.0 53.6 50.0 47.0 Quebec 15.3 15.3 14.3 15.0 16.4 17.9 1. 16.5 17. 19.1 British Columbia 20.7 19.0 16.5 15.4 14.9 15.9 15.7 17.1 16.7 16.4 Alberta 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.5 6.5 7.2 7.0 7.4.2. Toronto 43.9 44.5 4.4 49.9 4. 44.1 42.4 43.0 39.5 36. Montréal 12. 13.2 12.5 13.1 14.5 15.3 16.1 14.2 15.3 16.4 Vancouver 1.4 17.1 14.6 13.7 13.1 13.9 13.9 15.1 14.4 13.9 Calgary 3.4 3.6 3.7 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.3 4.7 4.7 Edmonton 2.2 2.0 1.9 1. 1. 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.6 2. Total MTV 75.1 74. 75.5 76.7 76.6 73.3 72,4 72.3 69.2 67.1 Total Other Cities 24.9 25.2 24.5 23.3 23.4 26.7 27.6 27.7 30. 32.9 Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Facts and Figures 2007, Immigration Overview: Permanent Residents As observed below while Canada s total immigrant intake fell between 2006 and 2007 returning to levels approximating the years 2002 and 2004 a number of Canadian cities experienced important levels of growth in their numbers of new arrivals. Since 2002, Winnipeg and Saskatoon have seen their respective numbers of new arrivals more than double. The numbers in Charlottetown has increased nearly 10 fold since 2002. Halifax, Regina, Moncton, Edmonton and Calgary have also received increased annual numbers in the last 5 years. Table 2 Canada Permanent Residents by Selected Province and Urban Area, 199 2007 Urban area Number 199 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Canada 174,19 7 19,95 5 227,45 250,63 229,04 9 221,34 9 235,2 3 262,24 0 251,64 3 236,75 Charlotteto wn 117 99 133 103 70 110 224 233 463 01 Halifax 1,796 1,316 1,330 1,39 1,135 1,101 1,345 1,479 1,907 1,926 Moncton 162 116 197 220 162 159 204 17 262 343 Québec 1,50 1,567 1,420 1,51 1,379 1,702 2,119 2,045 1,74 2,056 Montréal 22,237 25,03 2,42 32,71 33,295 33,7 37,2 37,16 3,391 3,710 Gatineau 743 733 691 621 693 904 1,021 1,00 1,020 1,121 Quebec 26,619 29,151 32,502 37,601 37,56 39,554 44,243 43,313 44,61 45,20 Ottawa- Gatineau 5,277 6,59 7,19,44 7,156 5,961 6,365 6,377 6,27 5,791 Toronto 76,410 4,477 110,06 9 125,17 111,69 3 97,55 99,91 112,4 0 99,293 7,136 Hamilton 2,057 2,76 3,204 2,24 3,09 3,535 4,05 4,533 3,990 3,636 Winnipeg 2,41 2,995 3,709 3,756 3,04 5,144 5,910 6,16 7,697,472 Regina 49 53 672 542 556 562 656 630 21 904 Saskatoon 693 05 791 769 721 631 02 32 1,154 1,61 Calgary 6,006 6,41,499 10,14 9,01 9,267 9,44 11,16 11,23 11,239 Edmonton 3,796 3,39 4,303 4,52 4,224 4,10 5,056 6,016 6,436 6,535 Alberta 11,17 12,094 14,365 16,40 14,71 15,33 16,474 19,404 20,716 20,57 Vancouver 32,009 32,400 33,306 34,336 30,070 30,72 32,700 39,49 36,273 32,920 Victoria 755 739 915 966 762 950 1,069 1,205 1,265 1,270 As observed below whereas the numbers of permanent residents was nearly twice that of temporary workers in 2003, the substantial rise in temporary foreign workers since that year has seen the gap narrow quite substantially. Table 3
Respective Stock of Temporary Foreign Workers and Permanent Residents in Canada, 2003-2007 Canada 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Permanent Residents 221,349 235,23 262,240 251,643 236,75 Temporary Foreign Workers 110,476 126,031 141,743 162,046 201,057 Difference 110 37 109 729 120 497 9 597 35 001 % Difference 100% 5% 90% 55% 17.5% As observed below the number of temporary foreign workers has risen substantially in Alberta and Ontario between 2003 and 2007. Table 4 Canada December 1 Stock of Temporary Foreign Workers by Province or Territory and Urban Area, 2003 2007 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Halifax 9 1,069 915 1,046 1,277 New Brunswick 630 01 912 1,132 1,427 Montréal 11,202 13,040 14,035 15,537 16,904 Quebec 15,452 1,121 20,244 21,714 23,45 Ottawa-Gatineau 2,4 2,97 3,463 3,505 3,920 Toronto 19,261 21,335 23,442 27,30 33,604 Hamilton 1,104 1,30 1,439 1,451 1,606 Ontario 53,76 59,342 65,150 72,39 2,73 Winnipeg 1,333 1,469 1,632 1,925 2,536 Manitoba 2,104 2,454 2,717 3,356 4,603 Regina 339 365 33 422 539 Saskatoon 517 62 760 779 1,109 Saskatchewan 1,541 1,733 2,017 2,200 2,99 Lethbridge 114 112 144 260 366 Calgary 4,355 5,112 5,95 7,75 11,937 Red Deer 142 201 362 454 710 Edmonton 2,594 2,45 3,101 4,096 7,973 Other Alberta 4,257 4,967 6,334 9,420 16,271 Alberta 11,462 13,237 15,36 22,105 37,257 Kelowna 261 345 332 459 619 Vancouver 15,563 1,067 19,467 21,115 24,274 Victoria 320 3 605 464 494 Other British Columbia 6,14,052 11,04 13,179 17,9 British Columbia 22,292 26,52 31,4 35,217 43,375
Total 110,476 126,031 141,743 162,046 201,057 Declines in the number of immigrants occurred in every category between 2006 and 2007. The percentage of economic immigrants increased slightly between 2006 and 2007 despite a decline in real numbers of about 6%. The percentage of the family class remained the same in 2006 and 2007 (though there was a real decrease of approximately 5%). It was the percentage of refugees that fell from 12.9% to 11.% and this was accompanied by a 14% decrease in the numbers. Table 5 Canada Permanent Residents by Category in Canada 199 2007 and the United States, 2005-2007 Category 199 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Family class 50,96 55,277 60,614 66,794 62,27 65,112 62,260 63,360 70,507 66,230 Canada 29.2 29.1 26.6 26.6 27.2 29.4 26.4 24.2 2.0 2.0 649 05 02 577 69 20 US 57. 63.4 65.5 Economic 97,911 109,251 136,292 155,71 137,64 121,045 133,74 156,312 13,251 131,24 immigrants Canada 56.2 57.5 59.9 62.1 60.2 54.7 56.7 59.6 54.9 55.4 246 77 159 01 162 176 US 22.0 12.6 15.4 Refugees 22,43 24,396 30,092 27,919 25,116 25,94 32,67 35,776 32,503 27,956 Canada 13.1 12. 13.2 11.1 11.0 11.7 13.9 13.6 12.9 11. 146 962 216 454 136 125 US 12.7 17.1 12.9 Other 2,547 1,031 460 206 3,72 9,207 7,12 6,790 10,30 11,323 immigrants Canada 1.5 0.5 0.2 0.1 1.7 4.2 3.0 2.6 4.1 4. Total 174,197 19,955 227,45 250,63 229,049 221,349 235,23 262,240 251,643 236,75 Canada Total United 1 122 257 1266129 105241 States
In looking at the numbers of immigrants received annually in major Canadian and American cities since 2005, Toronto remained in third spot overall behind New York and Los Angeles (it fell to third in 2006). And while Montreal remained in 7 th spot it closed the gap on Washington and Chicago. Vancouver remained on the top ten in 9 th spot. Table 6 Legal Permanent Resident Flow by Metropolitan Area of Residence, 2005-2007 Number =000 s 2007 2006 2005 % s of Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage respective country s total immigration Total US 1052.4 100.0 1266.1 100.0 1122.2 100.0 Total Canada 236,7 100.0 251,6 100.0 262,2 100.0 New York, Nthn 175.7 16.7 224.4 17.7 172. 15.4 NJ, Long Island Los Angeles- 95 4 9.1 120, 9.5 9 2 9. Long Beach Santa Ana- Toronto 112, 36. 99,2 39.5 7,1 43.0 Miami-Fort 7,1 7.4 9,9 7. 79,5 7.1 Lauderdale- Pompano Washington 40 6 3.9 54 5 4.3 37 1 3.3 Chicago 39 5 3. 49 7 3.9 49 0 4.4 Montreal 3,7 16.4 3,3 15.3 37,1 14.2 San Francisco- 35 6 3.4 3 3 3.0 33 3.0 Oakland Vancouver 32,9 15.1 36,2 14.4 39,4 13.9 Houston 26 2.6 31 5 2.5 34 7 3.1 Boston 24 6 2.3 2 4 2.2 27 1 2.4 Dallas 23 2 2.2 26 6 2.1 2 9 2.6 Atlanta 22 0 2.1 25 2 2.0 25 3 2.3 Source: Facts and Figures 2007, Citizenship and Immigration Canada and US Immigration Statistics, Homeland Security, 2007