Honors Biology Guided Notes Chapter 8 Cell Division and Reproduction Name 8.1 8.6 The Cell Cycle and Mitosis (start at p. 125) WHAT IS THE GOAL/RESULT OF CELL DIVISON? WHAT ARE THE THREE MAJOR REASONS FOR CELL DIVISION? 1. 2. 3. WHY MIGHT SOME CELLS DIVIDE MORE THAN OTHERS? DISTINGUISH BETWEEN ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Asexual Sexual PROKARYOTES REPRODUCE BY BINARY FISSION EUKARYOTIC CELL CYCLE Define the following terms: Chromatin Chromosome Sister Chromatids Centromere How Many Chromosomes Does a Human Have?
DEFINE CELL CYCLE STAGES OF THE CELL CYCLE Stage Summary of Events INTERPHASE G1 S G2 MITOTIC PHASE Mitosis Cytokinesis WHAT IS THE MITOTIC SPINDLE? HOW IS THE CENTROSOME RELATED TO THE MITOTIC SPINDLE? What class of cytoskeletal proteins build spindle fibers? Why is Formation of Mitotic Spindle Absolutely Required for Proper Cell Division? CONTRAST CYTOKINESIS IN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS Plant Cells Animal Cells Define Cell Plate. Define Cleavage Furrow. What class of cytoskeletal proteins are required?
STAGES OF MITOSIS Stage Changes that Occur in Cytoplasm Changes that Occur in Chromosomes/Nucleus Illustration (Label everything!) Prophase / Prometaphase Define kinetochore. Metaphase Anaphase Telophase / Cytokinesis
REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Asexual and sexual reproduction differ in that sexual reproduction. (8.1) a. is the only way single-celled organisms can reproduce b. can produce great variation among the offspring c. will produce offspring identical to the parents d. is the only way multicellular organisms can reproduce 2. During binary fission, one copy of the duplicating chromosome moves to the opposite end of the cell. What does this achieve? (8.2) a. It ensures the formation of two complete nuclei around each of the chromosomes. b. It causes the cell to elongate. c. This keeps the separate chromosomes together. d. It ensures that each daughter cell receives one copy of the chromosome. 3. A cell replicates its entire chromosomal DNA only. (8.3) a. before it is about to divide b. when it makes protein c. to repair damage caused by mutation d. when the cell needs RNA 4. Within one chromosome, what is the relationship between the sequence of bases in DNA of one sister chromatid compared to the other? (8.3) a. The sequences are unrelated. b. The sequences are similar, but not identical. c. The sequence in one chromatid is complementary to the sequence in the other. d. The sequences are identical. 5. A human bone marrow cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. There are chromatids. (8.3) a. 92 b. 23 c. 46 d. 23 or 46, depending on when during prophase you look 6. Immune system cells enter a resting phase after undergoing mitosis. When activated for example, by an infection they can reenter the sequence of events in the cell cycle that leads to cell division. What would be the correct sequence of events? (8.4) a. S, G1, G2, M b. G1, M, G2, S, G1 c. G1, G2, S, M d. G1, S, G2, M 7. DNA replication occurs in. (8.4) a. the G1 phase of interphase in reproductive cells only b. the S phase of interphase c. metaphase of meiosis only d. prophase of both mitosis and meiosis 8. Which of the following shows mitosis in the correct chronological order? (8.5) a. prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase b. anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase c. telophase, prophase, anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase d. prometaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase, anaphase
9. Imagine that a human skin cell went through mitosis but did not undergo cytokinesis. How many chromosomes would be in the cell? (8.5) a. 23 b. 46 c. 69 d. 92 10. What would be the immediate consequence of destroying a cell's centrosomes? (8.5) a. Sister chromatids would lose their centromeres. b. The mitotic spindle would not form. c. The nuclear envelope could never re-form. d. The nuclear envelope would never break down. 11. During mitosis, the chromosomes move because. (8.5) a. they attach to a dynamic, precisely regulated mitotic spindle b. of the duplication of the centrosome c. they diffuse within the nucleus to areas where they are less concentrated d. they slide along microfilament bundles 12. In the telophase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle breaks down and the chromatin uncoils. This is essentially the opposite of what happens in. (8.5) a. interphase b. anaphase c. metaphase d. prophase 13. At which point do centrosomes begin to move apart to the opposite poles of the cell in a dividing human liver cell? (8.5) a. metaphase b. G2 phase c. S phase d. Prophase 14. The kinetochores are. (8.5) a. found as each spindle interlocks at the cell's equator and then moves apart, causing the cell to elongate b. located at the center of the centrosome; their function is to organize tubulin into elongated bundles called spindle fibers c. the primary centromere structures that maintain the attachment of the sister chromatids prior to mitosis d. sites at which microtubules attach to chromosomes 15. The phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes move toward separate poles of the cell is. (8.5) a. cytokinesis b. telophase c. anaphase d. metaphase 16. One event occurring during prophase is. (8.5) a. cytokinesis b. the synthesis of a new nuclear envelope c. the beginning of the formation of the mitotic spindle d. the alignment of chromosomes in a single plane
17. Which of the following is a correct representation of an event that occurs in mitosis? (8.5) a. prometaphase there is movement of the chromosomes to the poles. b. prophase chromosomes uncoil. c. metaphase chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane. d. anaphase the nuclear envelope disappears. 18. Which of the following occurs during mitosis? (8.5) a. Organelles replicate. b. Chromosomes replicate. c. Chromatids separate. d. Two genetically different daughter cells result. 19. At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes lined up in one plane in preparation for their separation to opposite poles of the cell? (8.5) a. metaphase b. prophase c. telophase d. anaphase 20. Cytokinesis refers to. (8.6) a. division of the nucleus b. division of the cell outside the nuclear material c. cell movement d. division of all the parts of the cell 21. Cytochalasin B is a chemical that disrupts microfilament formation. This chemical would interfere with. (8.6) a. formation of a cleavage furrow b. formation of the mitotic spindle c. formation of the cell plate d. DNA replication 22. A cell is treated with a drug that prevents the formation of intracellular (within the cell) vesicles. Which of the following processes would be blocked? (8.6) a. cytokinesis in a plant cell b. cytokinesis in an animal cell c. alignment of eukaryotic chromosomes at the metaphase plate d. separation of eukaryotic chromosomes at anaphase 23. A cleavage furrow forms in an animal cell during. (8.6) a. G1 phase b. metaphase c. cytokinesis d. anaphase