2005 Mars Home 1 A permanent settlement on Mars: The architecture of the Mars Homestead Project Georgi I. Petrov Project Architect Laguarda.Low Architects Bruce Mackenzie Mars Foundation Mark Homnick Mars Foundation Joseph Palaia, IV Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2005 Project setting 2 1) DRM has been completed Class II - prefabricated and surface assembled base. Facilities for 12 people Pressurized habitats Functioning ECLSS Rovers and other construction equipment Sufficient ISRU capabilities 2) Phase I of Permanent Settlement Class III - ISRU derived structure with integrated Earth components base Space for 12 people Potential to expand to ~100 Base Class definitions by Cohen and Kennedy AIAA1997
2005 Gravity and Temperature 3 Gravity Temperature
2005 Elevation and Atmospheric Pressure 4 24000 m Olympus Mons = 1 mb 8854 m 4000 m 0 m Mt. Everest Potosi, Bolivia Sea level = 320 mb = 620 mb = 1013 mb -6000 m Hellas Planitia = 10 mb -11000 m Mariana Trench Elevation Atmospheric Pressure
2005 Radiation 5 Solar wind Cosmic rays Solar flares
2005 6 Construction Methods
2005 Construction Methods 7 PRESSURE VESSELS - inflatables or rigid shell structures - relatively simple deployment operations - can be pre-tested MASONRY - manufacture masonry units using compressed and sintered regolith or cut stone - using leaning arches and self supporting domes, one can construct a wide range of spaces using no scaffolding.
2005 Construction Methods 8 membrane stress vs. weight of regolith cover - allows views and surface access - compartmentalized space - optimize the shell as a pressure membrane - cover with ~1m of regolith for radiation and micrometeoroid protection - allows larger open spaces -no view -1.5 g/cm 3 regolith density and 60kPa internal pressure 10 m of regolith are required. - Make sure that load lines for both load pressurized and unpressurized load case fit inside the masonry. Pressure vessels for spaces that require access to the exterior: manufacturing, greenhouses, MEP, and private quarters. Regolith covered vaults for larger spaces with no view: public areas, kitchen/dinning, labs, and baths.
2005 Masonry Techniques 9 pitched-brick vaults self-supporting domes - work to be done most telerobotically or automated - where humans are needed they work inside a pressurized reusable construction tent
2005 Masonry Techniques 10
2005 Standard Pressurized Modules 11 Round Connector Volume = 29m 3 Surface Area = 45m 2 Floor Area = m 2 Radius = 1.9 m Short Standard Module Long Standard Module Private/Garage Manufacturing/BOP Greenhouses Volume = 84m 3 Volume = 100m 3 Volume = 227m 3 Volume = 322 m 3 Volume = 631 m 3 Surface Area =100m 2 Surface Area=118 m 2 Surface Area =194m 2 Surface Area =322m 2 Surface Area= 605m 2 Floor Area = 25 m 2 Floor Area = 30 m 2 Floor Area = 50 m 2 Floor Area = 100m 2 Floor Area = 200 m 2 Length = 7.2 m Length = 8.5 m Length = 8.5 m Length = 17.5 m Length = 33.5 m Radius = 4.0 m Radius = 4.0 m Radius = 6.0 m Width = 6.0 m Width = 6.2 m
2005 12 Site
2005 Site 13 Candor Chasma Valles Marineris
2005 Site 14
2005 Site 15 Ophir Chasma West Candor Chasma East Candor Chasma Melas Chasma
Mars Society 2005 High resolution images from MOC on MGS, superimposed on a context image. Site 16
2005 Site - Detail 17
2005 Site - Context 18 Possible locations for landing zones that don t overfly the settlement Settlement
2005 Site Terrestrial Scaled Comparisons 19 Scaled Earth city texture -Venice, Italy north hill -US capitol, Washington DC -North End, Boston MA -Suburb, Champaign IL settlement hill large mesa Heights above plane settlement hill - 40 m large mesa - 70 m north hill - 100 m 1km 0.5km 0
2005 Site 20
2005 Site 21 Site Data Latitude Longitude Elevation of Chamsa floor 6.3 S 70.1 W - 4800 m Noon Sun Angles
2005 22 Organization Diagrams
2005 Organization Diagrams 23 Linear City Derived from historical precedents by Arturo Soria and Le Corbusier. Efficiency in transportation, infrastructure, safety, and expandability. Separately pressurized segments with inflatables or regolith supported masonry Keeps the settlers alive.
2005 Organization Diagrams 24 Utilities Air, water and power distribution in sub floor panels
2005 Organization Diagrams 25 Entrance
2005 Organization Diagrams 26 Work spaces
2005 Organization Diagrams 27 Private quarters
2005 Organization Diagrams 28 Social spaces
2005 Organization Diagrams 29 Spaces arranged along the infrastructure organized through the relationship between the humans and the vegetation.
2005 Organization Diagrams 30 vegetation as symbol A special place immediately between the main entrance and the formal meeting space. Plant five special trees on arrival one for each continent. Symbolize hope in the future of the settlement. The trees will grow as the settlement expands. When people arrive from Earth the first thing they ll see as they enter is the grove of trees.
2005 Organization Diagrams 31 vegetation as mediation of views Views of Mars are mediated by vegetation. Look at the RED of Mars through the GREEN of terrestrial life. Every private suite has a small garden area in front of its window. Terminate connector segments with small gardens and a window to Mars.
2005 Organization Diagrams 32 vegetation as life support Greenhouses have optimized, light, temperature, and structure for specially designed plants. Integrally tied to the life support infrastructure.
2005 Organization Diagrams 33 vegetation as green belt Where work areas need to provide a connection, use a row of vegetation to separate the circulation from the work spaces.
2005 Organization Diagrams 34 vegetation as mediator of social life Clearing in the woods A Chinese garden Social space is surrounded and protected by trees. The edges of the space are hidden thus the limited size of the space is obscured.
2005 Organization Diagrams 35 vegetation as mediator of social life - variations The Common Pocket Gardens
2005 36 Specific Design
2005 Lower Level Plan 37 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
2005 Core Settlement 38 Lower Level
2005 Core Settlement 39 Upper Level
2005 Power, ECLSS, and Manufacturing 40
2005 Section AA 41
2005 Section BB 42
2005 Welcome to Mars 43 0 50 100
2005 Welcome to Mars 44 0 50 100
2005 Site Plan 45 100m
2005 Site Plan - Expansion 46 100m
2005 View Phase I 47
2005 View Phase I 48
2005 Acknowledgements 49 Programming Team of the Mars Home Project: James Burk - communications Gary Fisher -waste recycling system Robert Dyck- mineral and gas processing systems Damon Ellender - manufacturing systems Krishnamurthy Manjunatha - computing systems Richard Sylvan - medical factors Inka Hublitz - greenhouse design Frank Crossman - plastics manufacturing William Johns - psychological factors www.marshome.org
2005 Step 01 50
2005 Step 02 51
2005 Step 03 52
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2005 Step 10 59