LLAMA Project (Large Latin American Millimetre Array)

LLAMA Project (Large Latin American Millimetre Array) Z. Abraham 4, E.M. Arnal 1,2, G. Giménez de Castro 5, E. M. de Gouveia dal Pino 4, J.J. Larrarte 1, J. Lepine 4, R. Morras 1,2, J. Viramonte 3 1) Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía, CONICET, Argentina 2) Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, UNLP, Argentina 3) Instituto Geonorte, CONICET-UNSa, Argentina 4) Instituto de Astronomía e Geofísica, USP, Brazil 5) CRAAM, Universidad Presbiteriana Mackenzie, San Pablo, Brazil

The main goal of this presentation is to provide to the audience with an overall view of the LLAMA project and its current status a) What is LLAMA? b) Funding agencies c) Where will LLAMA be located? d) Observing modes and scientific goals e) How LLAMA will look like f) Conclusions

What is LLAMA? LLAMA (Large Latin American Millimetre Array) is a joint scientific and technological undertaking of Argentina and Brazil on the basis of an equal investment share, whose main goal is both to install and to operate an observing a mm/submm facility in a high altitude place, located in the northwestern region of Argentina. Argentina will provide local infrastructure (access road to the site; buildings at site and main headquarters at SAC; energy provision, etc.) and formation of human resources in strategic areas (holographic system; M&C real time software development; AIV; calibration loads,etc.)

Funding agencies Construction phase : Argentina - Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (MINCyT) (Secretaria de Articulación Científico -Tecnológica) (~U$ 7.3 million) - Salta Government (~ U$ 1.8 million) Brasil - Fundación de Apoyo a la Investigacion Cientifica del Estado de San Pablo (FAPESP) (~U$ 9.25 million) Science phase (including Commisioning): Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (up to U$ 600.000/year) Brasil - Universidad de San Pablo (USP) FAPESP WEEK BUENOS AIRES, 7-10 APRIL, 2015

Where will LLAMA be located? SP Salta BsAs

Antofagasta APEX ALMA ASTE SAC= San Antonio de los Cobres SAC Paranal Salta

LLAMA site and its surroundings 20 km SAC LLAMA Site RN 51

Observing modes As a radiometer on its own (stand alone mode) As part of a local VLBI network with ALMA, APEX, ASTE (VLBI mode)

ALMA Alto Chorrillos ALMA APEX = 2.6 km; ALMA ASTE = 8.3 km; APEX ASTE = 6.8 km ALMA,ASTE,APEX,CCAT 132 km 126 km

VLBI mode ü A local VLBI network associated with ALMA, APEX, and ASTE. It will reach an angular resolution of the order of 0.001 (1 mas) at a wavelength of 1mm (300 GHz) (x 10 ALMA ).(Angular size of a $1 coin at 4950 km) ü In the mid-run, at low (35-50 GHz) may be part of an expanded southamerican VLBI network [Argentina (LLAMA, CART), Bolivia (Chacaltaya), Brazil (Atibaia), Chile (ALMA, APEX, ASTE), Perú (Huancayo)].

Expanded Southamerican VLBI network Fortaleza (Brazil) Huancayo (Peru) Chacaltaya (Bolivia) 2000 km 1500 km ALMA (Chile) LLAMA (Arg) Itapetinga (Brazil) CART

Main Dish- 12 m, overall weight ~ 102 Tn Under all events surface accuracy ~ 15 µm (¼ human hair thickness!)

LLAMA: a few Technical Specs ü Two ASTE-like cryostats ( capacity 3 Rx each. Nasmyth Foci) ü One Cassegrain focus and two Nasmyth Foci ü Rx 183 GHz (ambient temp.)- PWV monitoring ü Cryostat 1 (first light): Rx priorities (2 pol.) a) Band 5 ALMA ( 162 211 GHz) [OSO Sweden] b) Band 9 ALMA (602 720 GHz) [NOVA The Netherlands] c) Band 6 ALMA (211 275 GHz) [NOVA- The Netherlands?]] ü Cryostat 2: Rx priorities (2 pol.) a) Band 7 ALMA ( 275 373 GHz) [IRAM France] b) Band 3 ALMA (84-116 GHz, MMIC Tech.) [ Co. Calán Chile?] c) Band 1 ALMA ( 35 50 GHz) [Co. Calán Chile] ü Cryostat 3 (Cass. focus): Bolometer/ heterodyne array

Summing up a) Take the initiative in a global Project. This action would place the countries of the region in an advantageous position to participate in an extended version of the project thereby stretching their intellectual and technological roles in a growing Latinamerican astronomy. b) An initial US$ 18-19 million investment will allow for partial integration within a global project that is worth US$ 1.400 millions. c) It will allow to test and correct regional scientific-technological integration, step by step, and in a progressive way, since a natural extension of this project may in the future require the installation of antennae in several countries in the region. d) It is an ideal context to train human resources in Materials Engineering and Microwave Technologies, with applications to Telecommunications, Surveying of Natural Resources, Microelectronics and Business Management, at a national and regional level.

Summing up e) LLAMA will be an observing facility open to astronomers from elsewhere, through collaboration with scientists of Argentina and Brazil. f) It should act as a catalyst to strenghten the existing bonds among the astronomical communities of Argentina and Brazil and colleagues/institutions around the world.

http://www.llamaobservatory.org

Muito obrigado Muchas gracias Thank you very much

Alto Chorrillo: 210 GHz opacity

External Project Adviser: Dr. Thijs de Graauw (Former ALMA Director) Dr. J. Kooi (JPL, CALTECH): Optical layout of radiotelescope. Dr. J. Ibsen (ALMA, Chile): Computing. Eng. R. Finger (Univ. Chile): General Electronics and Receivers Eng. R. Reeves (Univ. Concepción, Chile): Calibration loads and WVR. Dr. J. Baars (NOVA, The Netherlands): Antenna construction at Vertex. Eng. J. P. García (Former ALMA Eng., Chile): General Electronics Dr. XXX (NOVA, The Netherlands): Band 6 and Band 9 receivers Dr. XXX (Onsala, Sweden): Band 5 receiver Eng. F. Santoro (XXX): Overall mechanical layout of the system. Dr. S. Asayama (ALMA, NOAJ): Cryostats External Advisory Scientifc Committee Dra. C, Cesarky (Former ESO Director) Dr. R. Giovanelli (Cornell) Dr. I. F. Mirabel (CONICET) Dr. L-A Nyman (ALMA)

Current status ü 400 hectares allocated to the project by Salta province. Construction of observatory and related facilities (~300 m 2 ). ü 7800m 2 allocated to the project at SAC (SAC County). Construction of main basecamp (~800 m 2 ). ü 2014 budget made fully available by MINCyT and 2015 budget is being processed.

Current status (cont.) ü As March 2015, final steps related to: ü the bidding process associated with the construction of the access road to site (9/15 02/16). ü the Executive Projects for the infrastructure at both SAC (Salta) and Alto Chorrillos. ü the design of the energy provision system to the site (Salta, 300 KW active power at site). ü Environmental Impact studies at both SAC and Alto Chorrillos.

Wind speed: Cumulative function

Atmospheric Transparency Sites above 4500m LLAMA Phase I Phase II λ= 3 mm λ= FAPESP 1 mm WEEK BUENOS AIRES, λ= 0,43 7-10 mm APRIL, 2015 λ= 0,30 mm λ= 3 mm λ= 1 mm λ= 0,30 mm

LLAMA in a worldwide context

Radiometers for mm/submm observations located above 4000 m JCMT + CSO + SMA Mauna Kea 4100 m USA (USA) LMT Sierra Negra 4600 m Mexico (Mexico, USA) LLAMA Alto Chorrillo 4800 m Argentina (Argentina, Brazil) NANTEN-2 Chajnantor 4865 m Chile (Japan, Korea) ALMA-ACA Chajnantor 5000 m Chile (EEUU,ESO,Japan/Taiwan) APEX Chajnantor 5000 m Chile (Sweden,Germany,ESO) ASTE Chajnantor 5100 m Chile (Japan) CCAT Chajnantor 5600 m Chile (USA) ACA Alma Compact Array (4 x 12 m + 12 x 7m) ALMA Atacama Large Millimeter Array (50 x 12 m ) APEX Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (12 m) ASTE Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (10 m) CCAT Cornell Caltech Atacama Telescope (25 m) CSO Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (10 m) JCMT James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (15 m) LLAMA Long Latin American Millimetre Array (12 m) LMT Large Millimetre Telescope (50 m) NANTEN-2 Nagoya University Telescope (4 m) SMA Submillimeter Array (8 x 6 m)