HIGHER EDUCATION IN PERU

Transcription

1 HIGHER EDUCATION IN PERU THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN QUALITY ASSURANCE RAFAEL YAYA QUIJANDRÍA

2 HIGHER EDUCATION IN PERU ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN QUALITY ASSURANCE 1 Higher Education in Peru 2 Main Problems and Challenges 3 Quality Assurance and Licensing

3 1. HIGHER EDUCATION IN PERU A gap between the macro economic situation Average annual economic growth 6 %. Average annual inflation less than 3 %. Reduction of poverty by half in 8 years. External debt less than 20 % of GDP.

4 1. HIGHER EDUCATION IN PERU And that of higher education Peru s education competitiveness (World Economic Forum, WEF) of of 148 World ranking research-oriented institutions 2,744 institutions ranked Universidad Cayetano Heredia 2463 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Universidad Cayetano Heredia 2476 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos

5 1. HIGHER EDUCATION IN PERU Colombia INNOVATION INSTITUTIONS INFRASTRUCTURE Chile Perú BUSINESS SOFISTICATION MACROECONOMIC SITUATION Brasil MARKET SIZE HEALTH AND PRIMARY EDUCATION TECHONOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY HIGHER EDUCATION AND TRAINING FINANCIAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT LABOR MARKET EFFICIENCY GOODS MARKET EFFICIENCY

6 1. HIGHER EDUCATION IN PERU The increasing number of higher education institutions over the years has not been matched by an improvement in quality standards Country N of Universities Millions of habitants Perú Colombia Chile Brasil * Indicación en miles de habitantes por universidad. Public universities: science and technology research expenditure % 53.4% 30.1% 16.8% Fuente: Contraloría General de la República Informe CG/EA-IM Estudio sobre la problemática de las Universidades Nacionales. Publications in peer review journals (over the period ) Country Scientific publishing Perú 1,825 Colombia 9, 792 Chile 24,154 Fuente: Ranking Iberoamericano SIR 2010.

7 1. HIGHER EDUCATION IN PERU Quacquarelli Symonds 2015 Ranking COUNTRY Argentina 9 8 Brasil Chile 7 8 Colombia 5 5 Costa Rica 1 1 México 7 7 Perú 1 1 Puerto Rico 1 Venezuela 2 3 One Peruvian university within the top 50 Latin American higher education institutions Source: Quacquarelli Symonds 2015 Ranking UNIVERSITY REFORM

8 1. HIGHER EDUCATION IN PERU 142 UNIVERSITIES PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES AUTHORIZED PROVISIONAL STATUS AUTHORIZED PROVISIONAL STATUS TOTAL 51 TOTAL 91

9 2. MAIN PROBLEMS Information Asymmetries Short-term return versus sustainability Lack of basic quality standards Self-regulation model Lack of accountability

10 2. MAIN PROBLEMS Designing higher education public policy and coordination issues Fostering a culture of quality, incentives and sanctions Límites del modelo de Licensing autorregulación versus accreditation Implementing a new supervisory institution

11 3. QUALITY ASSURANCE HIGHER EDUCATION PUBLIC POLICY ARCHITECTURE TRANSPARENCY AND MARKET DISCIPLINE INCENTIVES ACCREDITATION VOLUNTARY LICENSING MANDATORY

12 3. QUALITY ASSURANCE ACTORS PUBLIC POLICY HIGHER EDUCATION ACTORS MINEDU (Ministry of Education) Higher education public policy Designs set of incentives to improve quality CONCYTEC Incentives to improve quality: science and technology research funds awarded SUNEDU Licensing First step: comply with mandatory basic quality standards NEW INSTITUTION Accreditation Second step: Improve quality by reviewing procedures and student learning outcomes.

13 3. QUALITY ASSURANCE MODEL QUALITY ASSURANCE POLICY Citizens Knowledge Labor market QUALITY ASSURANCE MODEL Flexibility to design education project Purpose (control, assurance) Nature (mandatory, voluntary) Framework (standards, consistency) Results (licensing, accreditation) LICENSING BASIC QUALITY STANDARDS ACCREDITATION INTERNAL CONSISTENCY EXTERNAL CONSISTENCY

14 3. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND LICENSING BASIC QUALITY STANDARDS ACADEMIC OBJECTIVES and STUDY PLANS PROFESSORS INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCIAL RESOURCES SERVICES MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SPORTS RESEARCH CARREERS AND EMPLOYABILITY SERVICE

15 3. QUALITY ASSURANCE LICENSING Higher Quality Standards Less Regulation

16 4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Higher education in Peru has increased coverage, but there is a lack of quality standards Given information asymmetries, government intervention is justified Licensing should improve quality standards, mainly by setting standards on infrastructure, professors education degrees and by fostering research. Accreditation differs in that it focuses on procedures and outcomes