Cell Structure & Function.

Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

Cell Theory All living things are made of cells. Cells are the smallest units of life All cells come from preexisting cells.

Cell Theory Scientists Hooke named cells after viewing cork under a microscope Leeuwenhook saw living cells and called them animalcules Schwann concluded that animals were made of cells Schleiden concluded that plants were made of cells Virchow determined that cells only came from pre-existing cells

Definition of Cell The smallest unit capable of life.

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic (leave space) Eukaryotic

No membrane bound structures No organelles or nucleus One-celled organisms, Bacteria Prokaryotic http://library.thinkquest.org/c004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms, single or multi-celled Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/c004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

Typical Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/nsc/images/cell.gif

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif Typical Plant Cell

Cell Parts Eukaryotic Organelles

Surrounding the Cell

Cell Membrane All cells Outer part of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Made of a double layer called Phospholipid bilayer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cell Wall Found in eukaryote plant & some prokaryotes only Supports cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Inside the Cell

Nucleus Eukaryotes only Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains DNA (genetic instructions)

Nuclear Membrane Eukaryotes only Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow RNA to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Nucleolus Eukaryotes Only Inside nucleus Makes ribosomes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cytoplasm All cells Gel-like mixture that fills cell Site of some chemical reactions

Endoplasmic Reticulum Eukaryotes only Moves materials around within cell to help assemble proteins and lipids Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Ribosomes All Cells Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on ER & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Mitochondria Eukaryotes Only Produces energy (ATP) from sugar (glucose) through cell respiration http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Golgi Bodies Eukaryotes Only Protein package and ship Move materials in and out of the cell (like the post office) http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Eukaryotes only Lysosome Digests/Destroys worn out parts, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Vacuoles Eukaryotes only Membrane-bound sacs for storage (especially water in plant cells) Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chloroplast Eukaryotic plant cells only Contains green chlorophyll Site of photosynthesis (where light energy is converted to carbohydrate energy) http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Centriole (Centrosome) Eukaryotic Animal Cells ONLY Helps with cell division

Microtubule & Microfilament Eukaryotic Cells only Make up cytoskeleton Interior Support

Strike through Nuclear Pores and add Cilia All cells (optional) Hair-like, for movement Flagella All cells (optional) Tail-like, for movement

Group Project The is like a, because. Make analogies for the following organelles Nucleus Nucleolus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi vacuole Cytoplasm Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Chrolorplast Centriole Cell membrane Lysosomes Mitochondria Cell wall