Department of Tourism, Major Events, Small Business and the Commonwealth Games A workforce profile of Queensland s tourism industry Great state. Great opportunity.
CS3395 09/14 This publication has been compiled by the Department of Tourism, Major Events, Small Business and the Commonwealth Games. State of Queensland, 2014. The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY) licence. Under this licence you are free, without having to seek our permission, to use this publication in accordance with the licence terms. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the State of Queensland as the source of the publication. Note: Some content in this publication may have different licence terms as indicated. For more information on this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The Queensland Government shall not be liable for technical or other errors or omissions contained herein. The reader/user accepts all risks and responsibility for losses, damages, costs and other consequences resulting directly or indirectly from using this information.
Foreword Tourism is a major Queensland employer, contributing significantly to the Queensland economy. The tourism workforce delivers Queensland s tourism experiences every day and is at the front line of Queensland s efforts to become Australia s leading tourism destination. This project report provides valuable insights into the Queensland tourism workforce. It describes the number and characteristics of the people employed within Queensland s tourism industry, and also delivers a snapshot of some of the changes that have occurred in these characteristics over time. The research also highlights findings we did not expect. Between the census for 2006 and that for 2011, people employed within the tourism industry have generally become older, are less likely to work full-time, are more likely to hold a non-school (post-secondary) qualification and more likely to be studying. This report also profiles Queensland s regional tourism workforces. Tourism is a significant regional employer, and the unique characteristics of our destinations shape subtle differences in the characteristics of the people who work in the various regions. For the first time, Tourism Research Australia (TRA) derived tourism employment data has been combined with Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) census data to profile the state s tourism workforce. This combination allows us to look specifically at the characteristics of the people employed within the tourism industry and performing a tourism occupation. The Queensland tourism workforce contributes significantly to Queensland s economy and is critical to the success of Queensland tourism. This report reminds us that behind the success of the industry are everyday Queenslanders, delivering the Queensland tourism experience. In many ways the research confirms what we already know. The tourism workforce comprises a diverse range of occupations and employees who, overall, are more likely to be female, work part-time and have completed Year 12. Dr Richard Eden Director-General Department of Tourism, Major Events, Small Business and the Commonwealth Games 1
Contents Foreword 1 Introduction 4 What are the key tourism industries? 4 What are the key tourism occupations? 5 Where are Queensland s tourism regions? 5 How was census data selected for the profiles? 5 Queensland profile 7 Queensland tourism industry employment 2011 12 7 Queensland tourism occupations workforce profile 2006 and 2011 7 Characteristics of the tourism occupations in 2011 12 Other characteristics of the tourism workforce 14 Characteristics of front-of-house and back-of-house occupations 14 Key changes in tourism occupations between 2006 and 2011 15 Tourism occupations compared with all Queensland occupations in 2011 16 Tropical North Queensland profile 17 Tropical North Queensland tourism industry employment 2007 08 17 Tropical North Queensland tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 17 Other characteristics of the Tropical North Queensland tourism workforce 20 Whitsundays profile 21 Whitsundays tourism industry employment 2007 08 21 Whitsundays tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 21 Other characteristics of the Whitsundays tourism workforce 24 Sunshine Coast profile 25 Sunshine Coast tourism industry employment 2007 08 25 Sunshine Coast tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 25 Other characteristics of the Sunshine Coast tourism workforce 28 Outback profile 29 Outback tourism industry employment 2007 08 29 Outback tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 29 Other characteristics of the Outback Queensland tourism workforce 32 Northern Queensland profile 33 Northern Queensland tourism industry employment 2007 08 33 Northern Queensland tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 33 Other characteristics of the Northern Queensland tourism workforce 36 2
Mackay profile 37 Mackay tourism industry employment 2007 08 37 Mackay tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 37 Other characteristics of the Mackay tourism workforce 40 Gold Coast profile 41 Gold Coast tourism industry employment 2007 08 41 Gold Coast tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 41 Other characteristics of the Gold Coast tourism workforce 44 Fraser Coast profile 45 Fraser Coast tourism industry employment 2007 08 45 Fraser Coast tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 45 Other characteristics of the Fraser Coast tourism workforce 48 Darling Downs profile 49 Darling Downs tourism industry employment 2007 08 49 Darling Downs tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 49 Other characteristics of the Darling Downs tourism workforce 52 Central Queensland profile 53 Central Queensland tourism industry employment 2007 08 53 Central Queensland tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 53 Other characteristics of the Central Queensland tourism workforce 56 Bundaberg profile 57 Bundaberg tourism industry employment 2007 08 57 Bundaberg tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 57 Other characteristics of the Bundaberg tourism workforce 60 Brisbane profile 61 Brisbane tourism industry employment 2007 08 61 Brisbane tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 61 Other characteristics of the Brisbane tourism workforce 64 Methodology 65 Confirm tourism regions 65 Identify industry sectors with tourism employment 65 Select key tourism occupations 66 Select census 2006 and 2011 variables and data 67 Build Queensland and regional profiles 67 Glossary 68 References 69 3
Introduction Despite the acknowledged importance of tourism as an employer in Queensland, there is very little factual information available about the characteristics of this group of employees. There are many assumptions and stereotypes invoked in discussions about skills and labour issues, but little hard data. For the first time, this report provides information about Queensland s tourism workforce on a state-wide and regional basis. Not surprisingly, many of the stereotypes are valid; however, the data provides some interesting insights. Tourism in Queensland is a major employer. In the base year for this report, 2011 12, tourism supported (Tourism Research Australia (TRA), 2013): 136 000 direct jobs = 5.9 per cent of Queensland s workforce 99 000 indirect jobs = 4.3 per cent of Queensland s workforce 236 000 jobs in total = 10.1 per cent of Queensland s workforce. The latest estimates for 2012 13 include growth in the number of jobs supported to 241 000 total jobs, and growth in the contribution to Queensland s workforce to 10.3 per cent (TRA, 2014). Direct jobs are generated in industries where tourists initially spend their money; for example, in restaurants. Indirect jobs are generated where these businesses then spend money in the economy; for example, when restaurants buy in food supplies. What are the key tourism industries? This report focuses on the industries identified in the Australian TSA as tourism employment industries (Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2013a). These are the industries where direct expenditure by tourists has an identifiable impact in supporting direct jobs. This classification is used in the Queensland state TSAs for 2011 12 and 2012 13 (TRA 2013 and 2014), which provide estimates of the number of people in the state employed as a result of tourism and in each of these industries at state level. Tourism employment industries include: Retail trade Education and training Cafes, restaurants and takeaway food Accommodation Travel agency and tour operator Clubs, pubs, taverns and bars Casinos and other gambling activities Cultural Sport and recreation Road transport Rail transport Air, water and other transport. Employment supported by tourism goes beyond a conventional interpretation of tourism businesses such as accommodation and tours. Economic modelling and the development of Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA) have allowed us to understand that dollars spent by tourists in Queensland support a wide range of industries and occupations. For the first time, this report presents workforce profiles based on selecting relevant variables from census data which describe the workforce of key tourism industries and occupations. 4
What are the key tourism occupations? A selection of key tourism occupations was made for this project, to further pinpoint those people who work within tourism. The characteristics of people working in these occupations are presented in this report. Selection of tourism occupations was based on an examination of census data and includes those which have a high percentage of jobs due to tourism. The 11 tourism occupations selected represent the majority of workers in these industries, but there is also a wide variety of occupations represented in smaller numbers across the tourism employment industries. Illustrating the diversity of jobs performed within the tourism industry, these are the tourism occupations selected: Accommodation and hospitality managers Housekeepers and cleaners Fast food cooks and kitchenhands Receptionists Waiters Bar attendants and baristas Chefs Cooks Café workers Travel and tourism advisers Air transport professional. Where are Queensland s tourism regions? Profiles are presented for Queensland as a whole and for the 12 tourism regions identified for Queensland by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS 2011). These are illustrated in Map 1 (page 6). How was census data selected for the profiles? The profiles are constructed from census data for the years 2006 and 2011. The census provides information on variables such as gender, full-time and part-time work, education, income and hours worked. The variables most relevant to describing the tourism workforce were selected for the profiles. The census information was selected for people 15 years of age and over who worked in the tourism employment industries and tourism occupations. The profiles describe the characteristics of all people employed simultaneously in the tourism employment industries and tourism occupations. Further information on methodology is provided later in this report. 5
Queensland s tourism regions Weipa Cooktown Tropical North Queensland Cairns Burktown Croydon Georgetown Innisfail Mount Isa Cloncurry Julia Creek Hughendon Northern Charters Towers Townsville Whitsundays Mackay Winton Mackay Boulia Clermont Birdsville Outback Longreach Charleville Cunnamulla Emerald Rockhampton Central Queensland Roma Darling Downs Goondiwindi Gladstone Biloela Bundaberg Dalby Bundaberg Nambour Brisbane Gold Coast Fraser Coast Sunshine Coast Noosa Heads Caloundra Redcliff Wynnum Ipswich Surfers paradise Coolangatta Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2011. 6
Queensland profile Queensland tourism industry employment 2011 12 Tourism employment estimates for Queensland, drawn from the Queensland state TSA for 2011 12 (TRA 2013), give information on direct employment plus indirect employment, supported by expenditure, by tourists in Queensland. The direct employment was 136 000 people, or 5.9 per cent of all Queensland employment, and additional indirect employment was estimated by economic modelling at 99 000 people, or 4.3 per cent of all Queensland employment (TRA 2013). Thus, tourism supports 236 000 people or 10.1 per cent of all Queensland employment. Table Q1, using data drawn from the Queensland state TSA, shows the distribution of direct employment among the tourism employment industries, illustrating the wide range of industries where expenditure by tourists has an impact in supporting direct employment. Total employment in Queensland in December 2011 was 2 398 000, and a further 138 000 people were unemployed, looking for work (representing an unemployment rate of 5.7 per cent) (ABS 2014). Table Q1: Queensland tourism employment 2011 12 Tourism employment industry Tourism direct employment Cafes, restaurants and take away food 34 900 Retail trade 25 200 Accommodation 17 600 Air, water and other transport 10 600 Travel agency and tour operator 10 000 Clubs, pubs, taverns and bars 8 200 Education and training 7 700 Sports and recreation 6 000 Road transport 5 300 Cultural 2 600 Rail transport 1 000 Casinos and other gambling 1 000 All other industries 6 000 Total tourism employment 136 000 Source: Tourism Research Australia (TRA) 2013, Table 8. Queensland tourism occupations workforce profile 2006 and 2011 The Queensland workforce profile is based on the 11 tourism occupations and combines these with the tourism employment industries selected for this project. This includes all employed people 15 years and over in these occupations in these industries. Table Q2 summarises characteristics of the study population by tourism occupation for the following variables: total number, gender, age, full-time work, school education, non-school education, non-school qualifications, field of study, currently studying, institution attending, annual income and hours worked. These variables are expressed as a percentage or the most common range. In addition to the variables reported at Table Q2, this report discusses additional variables of interest such as mobility (having changed address since the most recent census), indigenous status and proficiency in another language. Table Q3 summarises variables for which comparison against 2006 census data is possible. These variables include total number, gender, age, full-time work, non-school qualifications and currently studying. 7
Table Q2: Queensland tourism profile by tourism occupations 2011 Accommodation and hospitality managers Air transport professionals Bar attendants and baristas Cafe workers Chefs Number total 17 424 2205 13 428 4478 9721 female workers 56 7 67 84 24 age 40 49 years 40 49 years 20 29 years 15 19 years 20 29 years full-time workers 77 59 30 22 75 school education non-school qualifications attained non-school qualifications 48 79 31 24 76 Certificate level Diploma level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level field of study Engineering and related technologies Percentage currently studying 5 5 31 34 7 institution attending Technical or further education annual income hours worked $41 600 $51 999 $104 000 or more $20 800 $31 199 $1 $10 399 $31 200 $41 599 49 hours and over 40 hours 25 34 hours 1 15 hours 49 hours and over 8
Cooks Fast food cooks and kitchenhands Housekeepers and cleaners Receptionists Tourism advisers Waiters 6762 22 637 14 870 5919 3824 17 216 50 47 77 89 80 80 20 29 years 15 19 years 50 59 years 20 29 years 20 29 years 20 29 years 49 18 27 50 73 18 Year 10 or 36 19 25 42 65 30 Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level 22 48 8 17 5 50 Technical or further education Secondary government $20 800 $31 199 $1 $10 399 $20 800 $31 199 $31 200 $41 599 $31 200 $41 599 $1 $10 399 35 39 hours 1 15 hours 25 34 hours 35 39 hours 40 hours 1 15 hours Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2011, provided by Queensland Treasury and Trade. 9
Table Q3: Queensland tourism profile by tourism occupations 2006 Accommodation and hospitality managers Air transport professionals Bar attendants and baristas Cafe workers Chefs Number total 16 312 1877 10 557 3096 7774 female workers 53 5 66 87 24 age 40 49 years 30 39 years 20 29 years 15 19 years 20 29 years full-time workers non-school qualifications Attained 78 60 33 24 78 42 77 27 18 72 Percentage currently studying 4 5 25 30 6 10
Cooks Fast food cooks and kitchenhands Housekeepers and cleaners Receptionists Tourism advisers Waiters 6530 19 484 14 490 5442 3569 16 292 51 50 79 89 80 81 20 29 years 15 19 years 40 49 years 20 29 years 20 29 years 20 29 years 54 19 28 57 74 21 25 14 20 38 60 27 20 47 7 14 5 47 Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2006, provided by Queensland Treasury and Trade. 11
Characteristics of the tourism occupations in 2011 Accommodation and hospitality managers This occupation category is characterised by majority female employment (56 per cent), upper middle age range (40 49 years), a high proportion of full-time employment (77 per cent) and a higher annual income ($41 600 $51 999) than most tourism occupations, with 49 hours and over the most common category of hours worked. Almost half (48 per cent) the managers have non-school qualifications, with the most common being at a certificate level and in the field of Commerce. Cleaners and housekeepers This occupation is distinctly different to all the other tourism occupations. It is characterised by the oldest most common age range (having increased from 40 49 years in 2006 to 50 59 years in 2011), majority female employment (77 per cent) and a relatively high proportion of part-time employment (73 per cent). Educational attainment is lowest among tourism occupations, with Year 10 or the most common school education. Non-school qualifications were attained by only 25 per cent of employees, with the most common qualification at certificate level. Fast food cooks and kitchenhands, café workers Both these occupations employ the youngest workers (15 19 years), mostly on a part-time basis (18 per cent and 22 per cent full-time respectively), with low weekly hours worked (1 15 hours) and low annual income ($1 $10 399). The majority of café workers are female (84 per cent), while a small majority of fast food cooks and kitchenhands are male (53 per cent). While at the lower end of attainment of non-school qualifications, 34 per cent of café workers and 48 per cent of fast food cooks and kitchenhands were currently studying at census time. Waiters, bar attendants and baristas These occupations are predominately female (80 per cent and 67 per cent respectively), of a young age-group (20 29 years), and mostly work part-time (82 per cent and 70 per cent respectively). While they earn in the lower income ranges, bar attendants and baristas earn more ($20 800 $31 199) and worked fewer hours (25 34 hours) than waiters. Over 30 per cent already have non-school qualifications. Notably, waiters have the highest proportion of people currently studying (50 per cent) of all the tourism occupations, and are most likely to be attending a university or institution. 12
Cooks Gender was evenly split between females (50 per cent) and males (50 per cent) in this occupation. Cooks are of a young age-group (20 29 years), and almost half work full-time (49 per cent). Cooks earn in the lower income range ($20 800 $31 199) and are most likely to work 35 39 hours a week. Non-school qualifications are held by 36 per cent of cooks, with certificate level the most common qualification and Food, Hospitality and Personal Services the most common field of study. A further 22 per cent of cooks were currently studying at census time. Chefs Chefs are predominately male (76 per cent), work full-time (75 per cent) and 76 per cent have non-school qualifications. While qualified, most likely at a certificate level and in the field of Food, Hospitality and Personal Services, chefs were earning in the middle-income range ($31 200 $41 599) and are most likely to work 49 hours and over a week. Receptionists This is one of the largest occupation categories in the accommodation industry. Receptionists are predominately female (89 per cent), a young age-group (20 29 years), half work full-time (50 per cent), 42 per cent hold non-school qualifications and 17 per cent are studying. Tourism advisers This occupation is almost exclusively employed in the travel agency and tour operator industry, and all jobs in this industry are due to tourism. This occupation is dominated by educated (65 per cent) females (80 per cent) in the middle age range (20 29 years), working full-time (73 per cent). These workers have an income at the higher end of the range ($31 200 $41 599) and are most likely to work 40 hours a week. Air transport professionals This is a group of highly qualified (79 per cent), predominately male (93 per cent) workers in the upper middle age range (40 49 years) and mostly full-time (59 per cent), with high incomes ($104 000 or more). 13
Other characteristics of the tourism workforce Mobility Mobility, represented as having changed address since the last census, generally falls within the range of 40 60%. Mobility is highest among chefs (66%) and lowest among housekeepers and cleaners (46%). 66% Indigenous workers People who identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander made up 2.2% of people employed in the Queensland tourism workforce. Housekeepers and cleaners had the highest percentage of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people (4.2%), followed by fast food cooks and kitchenhands (2.8%), and cooks (2.6%). 46% 4.2% 2.8% 2.6% Language proficiency Tourism occupations with more than 20% of workers who are proficient in another language and speak English well or very well comprised chefs and cooks. The most common language spoken at home other than English by these occupations is Chinese. Characteristics of front-of-house and back-of-house occupations Within the industry, occupations are frequently categorised as either front-of-house or back-of-house. Tourism employment in Queensland 2011 by front-of-house and back-of-house occupations 35% Front-of-house refers to those ccupations whose primary work is dealing with customers. These occupations include receptionists, waiters, bar attendants, and baristas and café workers. 49% Back-of-house refers to those occupations whose primary work is unseen by the customer but essential for the provision of. These occupations include housekeepers and cleaners, chefs, cooks, and fast food cooks and kitchenhands. 16% Separate to these two groups, there is a third group of accommodation and hospitality managers who may be across both categories at different times. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2011, provided by Queensland Treasury and Trade. 14
Key changes in tourism occupations between 2006 and 2011 The proportion of females has risen in accommodation and hospitality managers, air transport professionals, and bar attendants and baristas, while falling in all other occupations. Air transport professionals and housekeepers and cleaners are more likely in 2011 to be older (40 49 years and 50 59 years respectively) than in 2006 (30 39 years and 40 49 years respectively), while the most common ages of all other tourism occupations have remained the same. The percentage of full-time employment has fallen marginally in all tourism occupations. This includes a roughly 16 per cent decrease for waiters and only 1 per cent increase for tourism advisers. The proportion of people with non-school qualifications has grown in all of the occupations, with the largest increases by cooks (25 per cent in 2006 to 36 per cent in 2011). The percentage of people currently studying at the census time has increased for all tourism occupations except air transport professionals (4.7 per cent in 2006 to 4.6 per cent in 2011), with the largest increase by accommodation and hospitality managers (4.3 per cent in 2006 to 5.4 per cent in 2011). 15
Tourism occupations compared with all Queensland occupations in 2011 Most tourism occupations have a higher proportion of females employed when compared to the total Queensland workforce (47 per cent), with the exception of air transport professionals (6.7 per cent) and chefs (24 per cent). Most tourism occupations have younger workers (as the most common age range) when compared to the total Queensland workforce. Most tourism occupations have a higher proportion of full-time workers when compared to the total Queensland workforce (41 per cent). Notable exceptions include waiters (18 per cent), fast food cooks and kitchenhands (18 per cent) and café workers (22 per cent). Most tourism occupations have below the Queensland workforce average (56 per cent) of non-school qualifications. People who identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander made up 2.4 per cent of the total Queensland workforce. This is generally higher than tourism occupations with the exception of housekeepers and cleaners (4.2 per cent), fast food cooks and kitchenhands (2.8 per cent), and cooks (2.6 per cent). Most tourism occupations have a higher proportion of workers who are proficient in another language and speak English well or very well when compared with the total Queensland workforce (9 per cent). 16
Tropical North Queensland profile Tropical North Queensland tourism industry employment 2007 08 The regional TSA for 2007 08 (Pham et al 2010) identified direct employment in tourism in Tropical North Queensland as 18 700 people. This region ranked third in the state for employment supported by tourism, with 15 per cent of all Queensland tourism employees. Table TNQ1 shows the distribution of direct employment among the 2007 08 tourism employment industries, drawn from the regional TSA, illustrating the wide range of industries where expenditure by tourists has an impact in supporting direct employment. Table TNQ1: Tropical North Queensland tourism employment 2007 08 Tourism employment industry Tourism direct employment Retail trade 3 940 Travel agency and tour operator 3 640 Accommodation 2 450 Cafes and restaurants 1 730 Libraries, museums and arts 1 390 Air and water transport 940 Other industries 820 Other entertainment 790 Road transport and motor vehicle hiring 760 Clubs, pubs, taverns and bars 760 Manufacturing 310 Education 190 Casinos and other gambling 100 Rail transport 920 Total tourism employment 18 700 Source: Pham et al 2010, Table 34. Tropical North Queensland tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 Table TNQ2 summarises characteristics of the study population by tourism occupation for the following variables: total number, gender, age, full-time work, school education, non-school education, non-school qualifications, field of study, currently studying, institution attending, annual income and hours worked. These variables are expressed as a percentage or the most common range. 17
Table TNQ2: Tropical North Queensland tourism industries by tourism occupations 2011 Accommodation and hospitality managers Air transport professionals Bar attendants and baristas Cafe workers Chefs Number total 1576 350 730 294 852 female workers 52 8 70 85 24 age 40 49 years 30 39 years 20 29 years 15 19 years 30 39 years full-time workers 81 57 37 29 81 school education non-school qualifications attained non-school qualifications 48 82 32 24 81 Certificate level Diploma level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level field of study Engineering and related technologies Percentage currently studying 4 7 18 22 5 institution attending Technical or further educational Secondary government Technical or further educational annual income hours worked $31 200 $41 599 $104 000 or more $20 800 $31 199 $1 $10 399 $31 200 $41 599 49 hours and over 40 hours 25 34 hours 1 15 hours 49 hours and over 18
Cooks Fast food cooks and kitchenhands Housekeepers and cleaners Receptionists Tourism advisers Waiters 478 1240 1576 589 247 975 55 49 78 79 72 78 20 29 years 15 19 years 50 59 years 20 29 years 30 39 years 20 29 years 57 24 33 60 73 31 37 21 25 46 56 31 Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Field of study not stated 11 35 6 10 5 29 Technical or further educational Secondary government Technical or further educational Technical or further educational $20 800 $31 199 $1 $10 399 $20 800 $31 199 $31 200 $41 599 $31 200 $41 599 $20 800 $31 199 49 hours and over 1 15 hours 25 34 hours 35 39 hours 49 hours and over 1 15 hours Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2011, provided by Queensland Treasury and Trade. 19
Other characteristics of the Tropical North Queensland tourism workforce Mobility Mobility, represented as having changed address since the last census, was highest among air transport professionals (74%) and equally lowest among café workers (46%) and housekeepers and cleaners (46%). 74% Indigenous workers People who identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander made up 5.8% of people employed in the tourism workforce. Cleaners and housekeepers had the highest percentage of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people (14%), followed by fast food cooks and kitchenhands (6.4%) and bar attendants and baristas (6%). 46% 46% 14% 6.4% 6% Language proficiency Tourism occupations with more than 20% of workers proficient in another language and speak English well or very well comprised chefs, cooks, tourism advisers and waiters. The most common languages spoken at home other than English by these occupations include Chinese, Indo-Aryan, Southeast Asian and Austronesian languages, and Japanese. 20
Whitsundays profile Whitsundays tourism industry employment 2007 08 The regional TSA for 2007 08 (Pham et al 2010) identified direct employment in tourism in the Whitsundays as 3400 people. This region ranked equal seventh in the state for employment supported by tourism, with 3 per cent of all Queensland tourism employees. Table WS1, using data drawn from the regional TSA, shows the distribution of direct employment among the 2007 08 tourism employment industries, illustrating the wide range of industries where expenditure by tourists has an impact in supporting direct employment. Table WS1: Whitsundays tourism employment 2007 08 Tourism employment industry Tourism direct employment Retail trade 760 Accommodation 700 Cafes and restaurants 490 Manufacturing 240 Clubs, pubs, taverns and bars 220 Air and water transport 220 Other industries 190 Travel agency and tour operator 140 Road transport and motor vehicle hiring 110 Other entertainment 50 Education 50 Libraries, museums and arts 30 Rail transport 0 Casinos and other gambling 190 Total tourism employment 3 400 Source: Pham et al 2010, Table 34. Whitsundays tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 Table WS2 summarises characteristics of the study population by tourism occupation for the following variables: total number, gender, age, full-time work, school education, non-school education, non-school qualifications, field of study, currently studying, institution attending, annual income and hours worked. These variables are expressed as a percentage or the most common range. 21
Table WS2: Whitsundays tourism occupations 2011 Accommodation and hospitality managers Air transport professionals Bar attendants and baristas Cafe workers Chefs Number total 286 20 150 30 159 female workers 54 0 65 87 30 age 40 49 years 20 29 years 20 29 years 15 19 years 20 29 years full-time workers 87 65 53 46 84 school education non-school qualifications attained non-school qualifications 53 87 37 15 85 Certificate level Diploma level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level field of study Engineering and related technologies Percentage currently studying 8 0 9 13 0 institution attending Technical or further educational Not applicable Technical or further educational Secondary government Not applicable annual income hours worked $41 600 $51 999 $31 200 $41 599 $20 800 $31 199 $20 800 $31 199 $41 600 $51 999 49 hours and over 40 hours 25 34 hours 49 hours and over 49 hours and over 22
Cooks Fast food cooks and kitchenhands Housekeepers and cleaners Receptionists Tourism advisers Waiters 68 179 330 99 51 165 57 58 83 85 88 84 20 29 years 15 19 years 50 59 years 20 29 years 20 29 years 20 29 years 54 34 35 64 56 57 Year 10 or Year 10 or 19 11 25 41 54 45 Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Diploma level Certificate level Certificate level Field of study not stated 30 24 4 7 8 24 Technical or further educational Secondary government Technical or further educational Technical or further educational Secondary government $20 800 $31 199 $1 $10 399 $20 800 $31 199 $31 200 $41 599 $31 200 $41 599 $31 200 $41 599 40 hours 1 15 hours 25 34 hours 35 39 hours 25 34 hours 49 hours and over Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2011, provided by Queensland Treasury and Trade. 23
Other characteristics of the Whitsundays tourism workforce Mobility Mobility, represented as having changed address since the last census, was highest among tourism advisers (81%) and lowest among café workers and fast food cooks and kitchenhands (52%). 81% 52% 52% Indigenous workers People who identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander made up 2.7% of people employed in the tourism workforce. Fast food cooks and kitchenhands had the highest percentage of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people (7.8%), followed by waiters (4.9%), and housekeepers and cleaners (4.8%). 7.8% 4.9% 4.8% Language proficiency Tourism occupations with more than 20% of workers proficient in another language and speak English well or very well comprised of chefs only. The most common language spoken at home other than English by these occupations is Italian. 24
Sunshine Coast profile Sunshine Coast tourism industry employment 2007 08 The regional TSA for 2007 08 (Pham et al 2010) identified direct employment in tourism in the Sunshine Coast as 14 700 people. This region ranked fourth in the state for employment supported by tourism, with 12 per cent of all Queensland tourism employees. Table SC1, using data drawn from the regional TSA, shows the distribution of direct employment among the 2007 08 tourism employment industries, illustrating the wide range of industries where expenditure by tourists has an impact in supporting direct employment. Table SC1: Sunshine Coast tourism employment 2007 08 Tourism employment industry Tourism direct employment Retail trade 3 920 Accommodation 3 620 Cafes and restaurants 2 560 Clubs, pubs, taverns and bars 1 120 Other industries 820 Road transport and motor vehicle hiring 620 Libraries, museums and arts 440 Other entertainment 390 Manufacturing 380 Air and water transport 310 Education 30 Travel agency and tour operator 20 Rail transport 3 Casinos and other gambling 0 Total tourism employment 14 700 Source: Pham et al 2010, Table 34. Sunshine Coast tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 Table SC2 summarises characteristics of the study population by tourism occupation for the following variables: total number, gender, age, full-time work, school education, non-school education, non-school qualifications, field of study, currently studying, institution attending, annual income and hours worked. These variables are expressed as a percentage or the most common range. 25
Table SC2: Sunshine Coast tourism occupations 2011 Accommodation and hospitality managers Air transport professionals Bar attendants and baristas Cafe workers Chefs Number total 1893 294 1128 439 1028 female workers 54 3 65 86 24 age 50 59 years 40 49 years 20 29 years 15 19 years 20 29 years full-time workers 76 55 30 16 74 school education non-school qualifications attained non-school qualifications 51 81 34 28 80 Certificate level Diploma level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level field of study Engineering and related technologies Percentage currently studying 4 3 21 35 7 institution attending Secondary government Technical or further educational annual income hours worked $31 200 $41 599 $104 000 or more $20 800 $31 199 $1 $10 399 $31 200 $41 599 49 hours and over 25 34 hours 25 34 hours 1 15 hours 49 hours and over 26
Cooks Fast food cooks and kitchenhands Housekeepers and cleaners Receptionists Tourism advisers Waiters 1426 643 1761 549 277 1643 49 44 76 93 84 84 20 29 years 15 19 years 50 59 years 30 39 years 30 39 years 15 19 years 48 15 18 41 69 17 Year 10 or 34 18 27 42 67 28 Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level 20 50 6 14 5 42 Technical or further educational Secondary government Technical or further educational $20 800 $31 199 $1 $10 399 $20 800 $31 199 $31 200 $41 599 $31 200 $41 599 $1 $10 399 25 34 hours 1 15 hours 1 15 hours 35 39 hours 40 hours 1 15 hours Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2011, provided by Queensland Treasury and Trade. 27
Other characteristics of the Sunshine Coast tourism workforce Mobility Mobility, represented as having changed address since the last census, was highest among tourism advisers (69%) and lowest among housekeepers and cleaners (47%). 69% 47% Indigenous workers People who identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander made up 1.2% of people employed in the tourism workforce. Fast food cooks and kitchenhands and cooks had the equal highest percentage of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people (2.2%), followed by café workers (1.4%). 2.2% 2.2% 1.4% Language proficiency No tourism occupations have more than 20% workers proficient in another language and speak English well or very well. Tourism occupations with more than 10% of workers proficient in another language and speak English well or very well comprised of chefs and cooks. The most common languages spoken at home other than English by these occupations include Chinese and Tai. 28
Outback profile Outback tourism industry employment 2007 08 The regional TSA for 2007 08 (Pham et al 2010) identified direct employment in tourism in the Outback as 1600 people. This region ranked twelfth in the state for employment supported by tourism, with 1.3 per cent of all Queensland tourism employees. Table OB1,using data drawn from the regional TSA, shows the distribution of direct employment among the 2007 08 tourism employment industries, illustrating the wide range of industries where expenditure by tourists has an impact in supporting direct employment. Table OB1: Outback tourism employment 2007 08 Tourism employment industry Tourism direct employment Retail trade 450 Accommodation 340 Cafes and restaurants 240 Travel agency and tour operator 110 Clubs, pubs, taverns and bars 10 Other industries 80 Manufacturing 80 Road transport and motor vehicle hiring 50 Libraries, museums and arts 40 Air and water transport 40 Education 30 Rail transport 30 Other entertainment 20 Casinos and other gambling 0 Total tourism employment 1 600 Source: Pham et al 2010, Table 34. Outback tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 Table OB2 summarises characteristics of the study population by tourism occupation for the following variables: total number, gender, age, full-time work, school education, non-school education, non-school qualifications, field of study, currently studying, institution attending, annual income and hours worked. These variables are expressed as a percentage or the most common range. 29
Table OB2: Outback tourism occupations 2011 Accommodation and hospitality managers Air transport professionals Bar attendants and baristas Cafe workers Chefs Number total 276 17 121 38 56 female workers 59 0 76 100 36 age 50 59 years 20 29 years 20 29 years 20 29 years 20 29 years full-time workers 85 79 51 26 91 school education Year 10 or non-school qualifications attained 44 76 29 27 84 non-school qualifications Certificate level Diploma level Certificate level Bachelor Degree level Certificate level field of study Engineering and related technologies Percentage currently studying 2 0 18 13 0 institution attending Technical or further education Not applicable Secondary government Not applicable annual income hours worked $52 000 $64 999 $41 600 $51 999 $31 200 $41 599 $20 800 $31 199 $41 600 $51 999 49 hours and over 40 hours 49 hours and over 1 15 hours 49 hours and over 30
Cooks Fast food cooks and kitchenhands Housekeepers and cleaners Receptionists Tourism advisers Waiters 98 161 266 39 16 79 78 67 90 100 69 95 20 29 years 15 19 years 50 59 years 20 29 years 20 29 years 15 19 years 56 36 27 64 100 19 Year 10 or 17 16 13 18 77 25 Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Field of study not stated Field of study not stated 4 32 4 0 0 41 Secondary government Secondary government Secondary government Not applicable Not applicable Secondary government $31 200 $41 599 $1 $10 399 $20 800 $31 199 $31 200 $41 599 $20 800 $31 199 $1 $10 399 40 hours 1 15 hours 16 24 hours 35 39 hours 49 hours and over 1 15 hours Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2011, provided by Queensland Treasury and Trade. 31
Other characteristics of the Outback Queensland tourism workforce Mobility Mobility, represented as having changed address since the last census, was highest among chefs (78%) and lowest among café workers (38%). 78% 38% Indigenous workers People who identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander made up 9.7% of people employed in the tourism workforce. Cooks had the highest percentage of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people (20%), followed by fast food cooks and kitchenhands (18%) and housekeepers and cleaners (14%). 20% 18% 14% Language proficiency Tourism occupations with more than 20% of workers proficient in another language and speak English well or very well comprised café workers only. The most common languages spoken at home other than English by this occupation include Southeast Asian and Austronesian languages. 32
Northern Queensland profile Northern Queensland tourism industry employment 2007 08 The regional TSA for 2007 08 (Pham et al 2010) identified direct employment in tourism in Northern Queensland as 4000 people. This region ranked sixth in the state for employment supported by tourism, with 3 per cent of all Queensland tourism employees. Table NH1, using data drawn from the regional TSA, shows the distribution of direct employment among the 2007 08 tourism employment industries, illustrating the wide range of industries where expenditure by tourists has an impact in supporting direct employment. Table NH1: Northern Queensland tourism employment 2007 08 Tourism employment industry Tourism direct employment Retail trade 1 040 Accommodation 770 Cafes and restaurants 550 Manufacturing 320 Air and water transport 260 Clubs, pubs, taverns and bars 240 Other industries 220 Road transport and motor vehicle hiring 220 Other entertainment 110 Libraries, museums and arts 70 Travel agency and tour operator 50 Education 50 Rail transport 50 Casinos and other gambling 30 Total tourism employment 4 000 Source: Pham et al 2010, Table 34. Northern Queensland tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 Table NH2 summarises characteristics of the study population by tourism occupation for the following variables: total number, gender, age, full-time work, school education, non-school education, non-school qualifications, field of study, currently studying, institution attending, annual income and hours worked. These variables are expressed as a percentage or the most common range. 33
Table NH2: Northern Queensland tourism occupations 2011 Accommodation and hospitality managers Air transport professionals Bar attendants and baristas Cafe workers Chefs Number total 804 65 696 228 395 female workers 61 11 70 88 31 age 40 49 years 40 49 years 20 29 years 15 19 years 20 29 years full-time workers 81 74 29 24 75 school education non-school qualifications attained non-school qualifications 43 79 25 16 79 Certificate level Diploma level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level field of study Engineering and related technologies Percentage currently studying 4 5 36 33 6 institution attending Not applicable Technical or further education annual income hours worked $31 200 $41 599 $104 000 or more $20 800 $31 199 $20 800 $31 199 $41 600 $51 999 49 hours and over 41 48 hours 1 15 hours 1 15 hours 49 hours and over 34
Cooks Fast food cooks and kitchenhands Housekeepers and cleaners Receptionists Tourism advisers Waiters 349 1418 885 295 101 875 62 51 85 90 91 83 20 29 years 15 19 years 50 59 years 20 29 years 30 39 years 15 19 years 56 19 31 55 72 18 Year 10 or 30 17 20 35 64 23 Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Certificate level Field of study not stated 16 48 6 19 7 56 Technical or further education Secondary government $20 800 $31 199 $1 $10 399 $20 800 $31 199 $31 200 $41 599 $31 200 $41 599 $1 $10 399 35 39 hours 1 15 hours 25 34 hours 35 39 hours 49 hours and over 1 15 hours Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2011, provided by Queensland Treasury and Trade. 35
Other characteristics of the Northern Queensland tourism workforce Mobility Mobility, represented as having changed address since the last census, was highest among chefs (69%) and lowest among housekeepers and cleaners (43%). 69% Indigenous workers People who identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander made up 3.6% of people employed in the tourism workforce. Housekeepers and cleaners had the highest percentage of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people (6.3%), followed by cooks (4.7%) and fast food cooks and kitchenhands (4.4%). 43% 6.3% 4.7% 4.4% Language proficiency Tourism occupations with more than 20% of workers proficient in another language and speak English well or very well comprised chefs only. The most common language spoken at home other than English by this occupation is Chinese. 36
Mackay profile Mackay tourism industry employment 2007 08 The regional TSA for 2007 08 (Pham et al 2010) identified direct employment in tourism in the Mackay region as 3400 people. This region ranked equal seventh in the state for employment supported by tourism, with 3 per cent of all Queensland tourism employees. Table MK1, using data drawn from the regional TSA, shows the distribution of direct employment among the 2007 08 tourism employment industries, illustrating the wide range of industries where expenditure by tourists has an impact in supporting direct employment. Table MK1: Mackay tourism employment 2007 08 Tourism employment industry Tourism direct employment Retail trade 760 Accommodation 700 Cafes and restaurants 490 Manufacturing 240 Air and water transport 220 Clubs, pubs, taverns and bars 220 Other industries 190 Travel agency and tour operator 190 Road transport and motor vehicle hiring 140 Other entertainment 110 Libraries, museums and arts 50 Education 50 Rail transport 30 Casinos and other gambling 0 Total tourism employment 3 400 Source: Pham et al 2010, Table 34. Mackay tourism occupations workforce profile 2011 Table MK2 summarises characteristics of the study population by tourism occupation for the following variables: total number, gender, age, full-time work, school education, non-school education, non-school qualifications, field of study, currently studying, institution attending, annual income and hours worked. These variables are expressed as a percentage or the most common range. 37