A Look Inside Smartphone and Tablets

A Look Inside Smartphone and Tablets Devices and Trends John Scott-Thomas TechInsights Semicon West July 9, 2013

Teardown 400 phones and tablets a year Four areas: Customer Focus Camera Display Manufacturer Focus Memory Applications Processor Final 10 minutes 2 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Different views: the mechanical slice Samsung Galaxy S4 3 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

PCB slice 4 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

PCB slice- Identify parts 5 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

OEM Slice 6 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Value slice 7 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Functional Slice 8 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Display Camera Display Memory Applications Processor AMOLED vs LCD Touchscreen integration: cover glass or display. Power consumption Will IGZO change the industry? 9 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

LCD vs. AMOLED Basics Liquid Crystal Display Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode Both use Thin Film Transistors made of Amorphous Silicon. 10 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Teardown- Nokia Lumia 920 11 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets Touchscreen Integrated with cover glass. Estimated price: $20.24

Display Pixels Control transistors on back. LCD AMOLED BlackBerry Z10 Samsung Galaxy S4 Control transistors on back. 12 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Display Comparison Blackberry Z10 HTC One Apple iphone 5 Nokia Lumia 928 Samsung Galaxy S4 Apple ipad 4 Microsoft Surface Pro Phone Phone Phone Phone Phone Tablet Tablet Display Size 4.2 4.7 4.0 4.5 5.0 9.7 10.6 Technology LCD LCD LCD AMOLED Super AMOLED Resolution 1280x768 1920x1080 1136x640 1280x768 1920x1080 2048x1536 1920x1080 LCD Pixels/Inch 356 468 326 332 441 264 208 Touchscreen Integration Cover Glass LCD Display Display Display Display Display Display Cost (USD) $44.99 $32.89 $30.43 $43.89 $38.13 $77.73 $72.06 13 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

LCD vs. AMOLED : Power Consumption Source: phonearena.com 14 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide: Future wave? Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide: amorphous semiconductor. Better control transistors than amorphous silicon. Better translucency. Developed by Sharp and Semiconductor Energy Laboratories. 40 times higher electron mobility than amorphous- Si. Cheaper, lower power, higher speed. 15 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Application Processors Camera Display Memory Applications Processor 16 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Applications Processor Issues Single most valuable piece of silicon in a phone (~ $40 USD). Optimal number of cores? How many GPU cores? Integrate baseband processor? Package interface to DRAM? Rest of Phone Transceiver Baseband Processor Applications Processor 17 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets Memory DRAM

Processor-to-DRAM Package Package-On-Package Smartphones (Lumia 920) 18 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets Package-Under-Package Tablets (ipad 4)

Application Processor in Devices: Comparison Processor Number of Cores Number of GPU Cores Baseband Integrated Package Connection to DRAM Blackberry Z10 HTC One X+ Apple iphone 5 Nokia Lumia 928 Samsung Galaxy S4 Apple ipad 4 Microsoft Surface Pro Phone Phone Phone Phone Phone Tablet Tablet Qualcomm MSM8960 Nvidia Tegra 3 Apple A6 Qualcomm Snapdragon S4 Exynos 5410 Apple A6X 2 4 2 2 8 2 2? 3 3 4 Yes Yes No No No - POP 2 GB LPDDR2 POP 1 GB POP 1 GB LPDDR2 POP LPDDR2 POP LPDDR3 PUP 512 MB LPDDR2 Intel i5-3317u Ivy Bridge PUP 512 MB LPDDR3 Cost $25.12 $30.89 $33.20 $25.12 $ 37.80 $39.54 $40.64 19 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Bare Die View Cores and GPUS Dual ARMv7 Swift SGX 543MP3 Tricore GPU Apple A6 32 nm HKMG Exynos 5410 Octa 28 nm HKMG 20 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets Source: The Linley Group www.linleygroup.com

World War III Intel Silvermont NVIDIA Tegra Apple A5,A6,A6X Qualcomm Snapdragon Mediatek MT Series Samsung Exynos Texas Instruments OMAP Broadcom? 21 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Memory Camera Display Memory Applications Processor DRAM POP vs. PUP Wide I/O vs. LPDDR3 NAND Flash Density Increase, Price Decrease Linewidth Reduction Multi-Level Cells Stacked Die 22 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

DRAM High speed and high data rates between memory and Apps Processor required. Right now: LPDDR2 -> LPDDR3 Package-On-Package for Smartphones Package-Under-Package for Tablets (less expensive) Applications Processor Memory DRAM 23 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Galaxy S4: first LPDDR3 24 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Soon: LPDDR3 vs. Wide I/O Wide IO LPDDR3 Power 1.2 Volts 1.2 Volts Speed 200 Mbps 1600 Mbps Data width 512 bits 32 or 64 bits Data rate single double Maximum channel bandwidth 12.8 Gbps 6.4 Gbps (@ 32 bits) TSV (Through Silicon Vias) Required. Source: Synopsis 25 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Intel revisiting DRAM Embedded DRAM combined with CPU or separate chip. 26 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets Source: 2013 Symposium on VLSI Technology A 22 nm High Performance Embedded DRAM SOC Technology Featuring Tri-gate Transistors and MIMCAP COB Session 2-1

NAND Flash: SSD on a Phone Cost reduction is the driver. 50-60% per year less expensive. Stacked Dice Linewidth Multi-Level Cells 3D NAND 15 nm in 2013 Late 2013 27 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Samsung Galaxy S4 28 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

NAND Flash Roadmap 29 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Air Gaps: Toshiba/Sandisk 19 nm NAND Found in the iphone 5 30 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Cameras- killing an industry Camera Display Memory Applications Processor Point-and-Shoot Sales 109 million (2010) 79 million (2012) Flickr: Top 3 Cameras iphone 4 iphone 4s iphone 5 31 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

What s Inside 32 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets ipad 4 Main Camera Galaxy S4 Main Camera Main Camera Front Camera CMOS Sensor, 5-13MP CMOS Sensor, 2 MP Backside Sensor Backside or Frontside 5 element lens 2-4 element lens Autofocus (use VCM) Fixed Focus $10-12! ~ $3

Megapixel Myth 13 Mpixels is already too much! Basic optical limit already hit. Signal more important than number of pixels. Most photos destined for web or screen. 33 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets Source: Brian Klug, AnandTech.com

Collect All The Photons 34 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets Source: Sony

Optical Design Plastic lenses: PMMA, Polystyrene, ZEONEX Small form factor: focal length ~ 5mm, F number of 2-2.5. Multiple lenses to correct for aberrations. 35 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets Source: US Patent 8,320,060 B2 Assignee: Samsung Electro-Mechanics

Edge of the Array is Hard Plastic lenses: PMMA, Polystyrene, ZEONEX Small form factor: focal length ~ 5mm, F number of 2-2.5. Multiple lenses to correct for aberrations. 36 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets Source: US Patent 8,320,060 B2 Assignee: Samsung Electro-Mechanics

Trends: Incremental Improvements in 2013 Camera Enough pixels Better focus Sensitivity Display AMOLED Power Reduction Memory DRAM: Wide IO Flash : 3D Applications Processor 4-6 cores Baseband integration 37 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Trends: Smartphones for the World 38 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets Source: The Linley Group www.linleygroup.com

Trends: The High End 39 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets Source: National Geographic

smartphone SMARTphone 40 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Too Much Information! Money Share Things Keys Medical TV 41 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets

Information Wave There was a turning point around the year 2000... it became cheaper to collect information than to understand it. Freeman Dyson Or. Value is in enabling understanding. 42 I Inside Smartphones and Tablets