Rolling Stock for a small City Den Danske Banekonference 2015 Page 1
The History Trams everywhere About 150 cities in Germany did own a tram system during 1900 Hardly any competition by other means of transport Requirements for rolling stock driven by infrastructure constraints Hardly any interoperability / compatibility between different systems Huge diversity of suppliers and operators Trams were fully custom made in accordance with the needs of operations Small batch series manufactured even in the operators workshops Manufactures used to have maximum in-house production depth with hardly any suppliers and pre-fabrication Facilitated by low wages / salaries and high availability of manpower Worlds first electric tram - Siemens & Halske 1881 Page 2
The History First Attempts of Standardization During the early 20th century, trams commenced to run into competition with busses and individual motor car traffic. In order to increase quality and efficiency of tram operations, a concept for a standard car was launched in the US during the 1930 s by a panel of operators and manufacturers called Presidents' Conference Committee (PCC). The PCC cars featured quite some innovations i.e. to reduce noise and vibrations (resilient wheels, hypoid gears). During and after world war II, the design has been licensed to European manufacturers, which also extended the concept by articulated cars, i.e. Fiat, La Brugeoise et Nivelles (BN), ČKD Tatra, Others copying the design without license. ČKD Tatra supplied its vehicles (Tatra T1 T4) in the entire Soviet Bloc in a quantity of > 10,000 DUEWAG dominated the market in Western-Germany and Austria with its articulated standard car (since the 1950 s) succeeded by the M/N car ( since the 1970 s). The design has been widely standardized and has been licensed to other manufacturers as well. Copenhagen procured 100 vehicles from 1960 1966, sold to Alexandria after closure of the system 1972. Page 3 PCC car in Antwerp E1 in Vienna Tatra T3 in Chemnitz
Full Low Floor Vehicles Since the late 1980 s GT-Type since 1990 R-Type since 1994 VÖV Prototype 1991 Combino-Type since 1996 ULF-Type since 1996 Quelle: Rheinbahn AG Page 4
Full Modularization and Standardization Siemens Combino Flexibility in system configuration Huge variety of configurations Vehicle modules Seating options Access to a wide range of systems and components Custom-made configurations built with standardized design elements Standardized interfaces Efficiency in manufacture, assembly, commissioning and testing Front-, Rear-, Bogie-, Saloon- Section Custom made vehicle Configuration Other options (samples) Gauge Vehicle data Vehicle Width Customizing HVAC Intercom Supply Voltage Bi/Uni Directional Wheelchair access CCTV Page 5
Full Modularization and Standardization Siemens Combino 20,06 m 28,3 m 29,8 m 31,5 m 38,0 m 39,7 m 41,3 m 42,9 m Page 6
Why Tram? System Boundaries 80,000 70,000 Typical transport capacity (Passenger/hour/per direction) 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 Metro (medium and high-capacity) Automat. People Mover (Cityval) Commuter Rail 10.000 10,000 ebus/ebrt Trams Light Rail (Pre-metro) Page 7 0,2 km 0,4 km 0,6 km 0,8 km 1,0 km 1,2 km Average distance between stops
Why Tram? Comparison to other road bound Public Transport Passenger comfort (noise, vibration, accessibility, seating, ) Transport capacity Ecology Sustainability Efficiency Image and appearance (urban development) Page 8
Siemens Trams: The Result of more than 130 Years of Experience Single car w/o overhead line Single-articulated vehicle More than 500 units (Frankfurt/M, Munich, Nuremberg, et al.) Multi-articulated vehicle More than 550 units (Amsterdam, Bern, Melbourne, et al.) Single-articulated vehicle 64 units (Lisbon, Budapest) Single- or multi-articulated vehicle Best synthesis of experience and innovation Order backlog of 99 units up to now (Den Haag, Munich, Doha, Ulm) Berlin 1881 World s first electric tram 1992 2000 GT trams 1996 2010 Combino 2005 2009 Combino Plus Today Avenio/ Avenio M Page 9
Siemens Trams: The Synthesis of Experience and Innovation Proven and reliable right from the first day Siemens invented the electric tram in Berlin in 1881 Roughly 2,300 low-floor trams and LRVs have been delivered to customers Almost 25 years of expertise in the 100% low-floor market Extensive field study of more than 20 networks è Sophisticated technology, proven components, target oriented improvements è The best of technology and experience è Highest reliability right from the first day, for the entire life of the vehicle. Page 10
Siemens Trams: Single- or multi-articulated, whatever fits best A rapid ride as tram or light railway Drive on through even the tightest curves Avenio Avenio M Page 11
Siemens Trams: Single- or multi-articulated, whatever fits best Avenio - Basic technical data: Single-articulation design: Modules of approx. 9 m length, each supported by one central bogie Vehicle length: 2 8 modules (18 m 72 m) Vehicle width: 2.3 m, 2.4 m, 2.65 m Entrance / Floor height: 300 / 350 mm (435 mm) Car body material: Steel, welded Gauge: 1435 mm Max. axle load: 10.5 t Max. speed: 80 km/h Avenio M - Basic technical data: Multi-articulation design: Short bogie modules connected by hinged intermediate sections Vehicle length: 3 / 5 / 7 modules (21 m 43 m) Vehicle width: 2.3 m, 2.4 m, 2.65 m Entrance / Floor height: 300 mm (360 mm) Car body material: Aluminum, welded Gauge: 1000 mm, 1435 mm Max. axle load: 12.5 t Max. speed: 70 km/h Page 12
Avenio: A modular Configuration Kit for individual Customer Needs Passenger capacity at various vehicle widths*: Length 18 m 27 m 36 m 45 m 54 m 63 m 72 m 2.30 m 2.40 m 2.65 m 104 103 161 160 222 222 278 279 338 340 393 396 452 457 110 109 171 172 236 236 294 296 360 362 417 420 483 486 125 122 192 192 260 264 328 331 398 404 465 470 534 542 Page 13 * Seated passengers + standees at 4 pax/m² = Uni-directional vehicle; = Bi-directional vehicle
Avenio: The Hague (Netherlands) General data Number of Vehicles 60 vehicles Year of Delivery 2014-2016 Configuration Wheel arrangement Vehicle length Vehicle width Gauge Capacity (4 P/m²) Floor height Special features 4 cars (bi-directional operation) Bo 2 Bo Bo 35,000 mm (over coupling) 2,550 mm 1,435 mm 232 incl. 64 seats / 6 tip-up seats 350 / 435 mm Length and width adapted to match The Hague infrastructure; Designed for tunnel operation Page 14
Avenio: Munich (Germany) General data Number of Vehicles 8 vehicles Year of Delivery 2013-2014 Copyright: Stadtwerke München / ergon3 Configuration Wheel arrangement Vehicle length Vehicle width Gauge Capacity (4 P/m²) Floor height Special features 4 cars (mono-directional operation) Bo 2 Bo Bo 36,850 mm (over coupling) 2,300 mm 1,435 mm 216 incl. 69 seats 300 / 435 mm Lift with video surveillance for easy access of disabled people; Infotainment-monitors Page 15
Avenio: Doha Education City (Qatar) General data Number of Vehicles 19 vehicles Year of Delivery 2015-2016 Configuration Wheel arrangement Vehicle length Vehicle width Gauge Capacity (4 P/m²) Floor height Special features 3 cars (bi-directional operation) Bo 2 Bo 27,700 mm (over coupling) 2,550 mm 1,435 mm 165 incl. 56 seats / 3 tip-up seats 350 / 435 mm Adaptation to climatic conditions; Vehicle for fully catenary-free operation (hybrid-storage UltraCaps + Battery) Page 16
Avenio M: Result of a continuous Evolution Reliability, safety, comfort - focus of improvements Evolution of first modular tram platform ever, with adaptation of latest crash and fire safety standards Welded aluminum car-shell with increased crashabsorbing features for highest passenger and driver safety Proven bogie and drive design, optimized connection to car shell: well reputed directional stability and smoother movement on curves. è Most proven and optimized tram model for the convenience of operators è Safety and comfort for the satisfaction of passengers and drivers Page 17
Avenio M: A modular Configuration Kit for individual Customer Needs Length 21 m 29 m 31 m 32,5 m 39 m 40,5 m 42,5 m Passenger capacity at various vehicle widths*: 2.30 m 2.40 m 2.65 m 109 110 159 161 172 175 184 188 221 224 235 239 247 251 116 116 168 170 181 184 195 198 234 237 248 252 261 264 131 131 189 191 204 207 220 223 262 265 279 283 293 297 Page 18 * Seated passengers + Standees 4 pax/m² = Uni-directional vehicle; = Bi-directional vehicle
Combino/Avenio M: Ulm (Germany) Quelle: SWU-Verkehr GmbH Population of about 119.000 One of the smallest tram operations in Germany Tram opened 1897, extended till 1928 to four lines Line 1: 10.2 km route length (5.5 km before 2009) Line 2 (planned): 10.5 km route length, 9.3 km newly built, opening 2018 ca. EUR 115 m E&M/civil, ca. EUR 31 m rolling stock Page 19
Combino: Ulm (Germany) General Data Number of Vehicles 8 / 2 vehicles Year of Delivery 2003 / 2008 Configuration Wheel arrangement Vehicle length Vehicle width Gauge Capacity (4 P/m²) Floor height Special features 5-car (uni-directional) Bo 2 Bo 31,030 mm 2,400 mm 1,000 mm 175 incl. 72 seats 300 mm Passenger air conditioning; CCTV Page 20
Avenio M: Ulm (Germany) General Data Number of Vehicles 12 vehicles Year of Delivery 2017 Configuration Wheel arrangement Vehicle length Vehicle width Gauge Capacity (4 P/m²) Floor height Special features 5 car (uni-directional) Bo 2 Bo 31,500 mm 2,400 mm 1,000 mm 175 incl. 61 seats 300 mm Passenger air conditioning; CCTV Front design with crash zone Page 21
Combino: Erfurt (Germany) General data Number of Vehicles 12 vehicles Year of Delivery 2011-2012 Configuration 3 car (uni-directional) Wheel arrangement Bo 2 Vehicle length Vehicle width Gauge Capacity (4 P/m²) Floor height Special features 20,200 mm 2,300 mm 1,000 mm 103 incl. 29 seats / 5 tip-up seats 300 mm Train sets of two and three vehicles; Front design with crash zone Page 22
Siemens Trams: Maximum Benefits for Operators, Passengers and Environment The synthesis of experience and innovation Made for every infrastructure and every tram system Made for every need and for more passengers Made for your cityscape and your budget Proven and reliable from the first day on Light weight, quiet and comfortable The ultimate in passenger capacity Design meets lifelong economical operation Page 23