Chapter 4: Web 2.0 Web 101 Third Edition by Wendy G. Lehnert & Richard L. Kopec Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Learning Objectives Learn how to blog and find blogs. Learn how to find and participate in social networks. Learn about RSS and podcasting Learn about wikis and folksonomies Learn about discussion groups Learn about chat rooms and instant messaging Explore the psychology of chat rooms Learn about Google Earth Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-2 Taking Charge Human beings are highly social and are drawn to communicating media. More than 53 million American adults have used the internet to blog, communicate, post images, share files, or contribute content Email remains the most popular internet application Other activites include: Instant messaging Blogging Podcasting Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-3 1
Taking Charge Web 2.0 technology allows more sophisticated internet participation Uses asynchronous Javascript and XML Services include Social networking Weblogs (aka blogs) Syndication (RSS feeds) Wikis Folksonomies Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-4 Taking Charge People are the key component of Web 2.0 People contribute content in various ways Video files (YouTube) Audio files (podcasts) Personal commentary (blogs, online forums) Scholarly information (wikipedia) Categorizing (del.icio.us) Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-5 Taking Charge Web 2.0 services support the formation of virtual communities, people interacting with each via the internet Privacy is an issue in online communities Some groups logs are archived to Web pages Law enforcement can gather group correspondence from the hosting ISP Some groups are private, but none can guarantee complete privacy Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-6 2
Taking Charge If you are concerned about privacy, you can use an anonymous remailer An anonymous remailer is an e-mail account that safeguards your real identity The service is operated outside the US It is like a Swiss bank account for online communications Some anonymous remailers are free; other are not Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-7 Taking Charge Having a general understanding of the visibility of your communications is important You never know who may use your communications Corporate data collection operations You boss (or prospective boss) Your significant other You have control over your level of risk Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-8 Blogs Weblog - online equivalent of a diary or personal journal Requires the use of a blog service provider like blogger.com Service often packaged with membership in a social network Technorati reports over 57 million blogs as of October 2006! Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-9 3
Blogs Blogging and personal safety tips: Blog anonymously, use an alias Limit your audience using access control tools if provided Don t write anything you may come to regret later, especially those nasty comments about your boss, coworkers, or neighbors! Observe good grammar Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-10 Blogs Never reveal confidential information No unlawful posts (libel, harrassment, threats, etc.) Don t encourage criminal activity Read and observe your service provider s Terms of Service Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-11 Social Networks Online communities are quite common: Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-12 4
Social Networks Most social networks are open to all Some social networks are restricted Facebook limits membership to individuals with accounts on its registered networks (primarily college students and staff) Some social networks support a common interest YouTube facilitates watching and sharing videos Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-13 Social Networks Virtual communities are not risk-free Consider carefully, then exercise extreme caution when changing virtual relationships into real ones Physically meeting virtual friends has resulted in evidence of personal misrepresentation, physical assault, and worse Nobody verifies the accuracy of posted personal information! Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-14 Social Networks FTC recommendations for social network participation: Learn how members may control contact with others Restrict access to information you post to known friends Never post information that could be used to locate you Choose a login name that has no obvious connection to you Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-15 5
Social Networks Remember that posted information cannot be recalled! Consider not posting your photo Avoid flirting with strangers online Be wary if a new online friend wants to meet you in person Trust your gut if you have suspicions Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-16 RSS A Web 2.0 server technology that allows users to syndicate their posted material Syndicated content is polled by an RSS client RSS clients display a time ordered list of publications featuring new or updated content Similar to a bookmark, except for the time ordering of the syndicated content RSS feeds are updated dynamically Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-17 RSS Acronym has various interpretations: Really Simple Syndication Rich Site Summary RDF (Resource Description Framework) Site Summary First interpretation most commonly used Syndicated content can include any type of electronically recorded material Syndicated audio content originally known as a podcast Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-18 6
RSS Viewing RSS content: RSS clients (aka Aggregators) can be standalone applications (FeedReader), A browser feature or add-on (IE v7+, Firefox 1.5+) Web site aggregator services (NewsGator Online) Add-ons to older browser or mail clients Firefox includes an integrated RSS client Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-19 RSS Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-20 RSS Feedreader is a standalone RSS client Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-21 7
RSS Finding RSS feeds: http://www.syndic8.com/ http://newsisfree.com/ http://www.feedster.com/feedster.php http://blogstreet.com/ Many Web sites (and browsers) now include RSS feed support Look for these icons in/near the URL field: Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-22 Podcasting Originally, an audio broadcast (aka Webcast) on the Internet using streaming technology Streaming technology designed to view/listen to files (video/audio) as they are being transmitted These files can be recorded for later viewing Apple s ipod/itunes duo supports podcasts Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-23 Podcasting Check out podcastalley.com Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-24 8
Podcasting Check out Apple itunes store Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-25 Wikis Wiki: server software that provides the capability to create and edit Web page content using any Web Browser Uses database technology to store organize, retrieve content on demand Web 2.0 philosophy is central - content is provided directly by the users wiki staff primarily provides server support, not content Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-26 Wikis User contribution of content both a strength and a weakness - Any user can post Any user can edit Can assemble vast array of information rapidly But content verification also a user task Content is suspect Some users deliberately post malicious, erroneous content Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-27 9
Wikis Some wiki sites now require user registration (wikipedia) Users may be blocked from contributing when violating rules Other sites may include content review staff (h2g2) Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-28 Wikis wikipedia most visible example http://www.wikipedia.org/ Other examples: wikibooks wikispecies wiktionary Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-29 Wikis wikipedia most visible example http://www.wikipedia.org/ Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-30 10
Wikis Google Docs & Spreadsheets Allows multiple users to work collaboratively on the same document All users must have a Google account Uses Web browser to access documents http://docs.google.com/ Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-31 Wikis Google Docs Word Processor Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-32 Folksonomy Uses Web 2.0 technology to facilitate tagging of content (classification) by users Taxonomic scheme may be both formal (professionally-based) and informal (based on user-centered catgeories) Use of informal classification schemes to organize content is a folksonomy Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-33 11
Folksonomy Using informal classification schemes to organize content is a folksonomy Examples del.icio.us - stores tagged user bookmarks, available to all users Flickr - stores tagged user photos Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-34 Discussion Groups Forum where people can share information with each other via the Internet Various forms exist: Message Board (aka Forum) Web-based Mailing List Usenet E-mail Mailing List Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-35 Discussion Groups Posts to the various discussion groups should follow netiquette guidelines: Keep the message short Be sure that your topic is relevant to the list Send personal messages to individuals, not to the list Clearly separate facts from opinions Try to avoid insulting anyone Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-36 12
Discussion Groups Include your full name in your signature Include your full e-mail address in your signature Do not include e-mail attachments Do not use an autoreply if you re active on any mailing lists Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-37 Discussion Groups Netspeak may be used in messages to convey common aspects of communication LOL: Laugh Out Loud ROFL: Rolling on the Floor Laughing Some of these abbreviations are used to soften potentially offending content Examples include: FWIW: For What it s Worth IMHO: In My Humble Opinion Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-38 Message Boards Permits posting messages on a variety of boardtheme topics Anyone can contribute May or may not require registration Examples include: Voting polls Opinion surveys Topical discussion boards Product review forums Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-39 13
Message Boards Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-40 Web-based Discussion Groups A Web-based Discussion Group is a message board or a Web-based mailing list A message board (or forum) is a Web site where people can read, post, or reply to messages and track discussion threads Some message boards allow anyone to post messages Examples include: product review forums and topical discussion boards Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-41 Web-based Discussion Groups The owner starts the topic & ground rules Some Web portal sites have such groups Many message boards are related to the content of the Web site that it is on For example, a company promotes a new product A message board may exist for the owners to talk to one another A message board can allow owners to discuss problems with the product Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-42 14
Web-based Discussion Groups When you subscribe to a Web-based mailing list, you can set delivery options Messages can be e-mailed to you Messages can be viewed over the Web You can set privacy controls too Most groups are open to the public Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-43 Web-based Discussion Groups You can start your own groups Yahoo Groups Topica PAMI Before you start your own list, subscribe to some lists on different services to see which you like best Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-44 Web-based Discussion Groups Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-45 15
Web-based Discussion Groups Be careful when you are looking for information in a message board People may misrepresent themselves or their institution online People may post misinformation Always verify information Be especially careful when getting technical, medical and legal advice Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-46 Usenet Newsgroups Usenet newsgroups are the oldest collection of message boards on the Internet The groups are public, and are separated into a variety of topics The newsgroups are organized in a large hierarchy, utilizing the Network News Transport Protocol A message posted to a newsgroup is called an article Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-47 Usenet Newsgroups Similar to an e-mail message, each article contains a header To read and post articles, a news reader client was originally required Some browsers contain a news reader, but the best way is to access Google Groups It helps to know the name of the Usenet forum you wish to examine Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-48 16
Usenet Newsgroups The newsgroups are organized in a hierarchy Names are read from left to right From the broadcast name to the successive subcategories The top-level categories include; Biz: business Comp: computers Soc: social issues Rec: hobbies and recreational Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-49 Usenet Newsgroups Newsgroup names can be self-explanatory Alt.adoption.searching Misc.forsale.computers.mac Others provide answers about the Internet Alt.newbie News.groups.questions Usenet newsgroups are constantly being added (and some are removed) Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-50 Mailing Lists A mailing list is a forum where people use e-mail messages to share information with each other A mailing list generally has a particular subject area that is discussed Mailing lists vary in size in terms of the number of subscribers Some mailing lists are private while others are open for anyone to join Communication is generally in plain text Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-51 17
Mailing Lists Joining a mailing list = subscription To subscribe, send an email to automated list server software (aka listserv) Mailing lists have two delivery options Regular list subscription: each list posting is sent to you as a separate e-mail Digest subscription: a number of postings are collected and e-mailed to you as one e-mail message Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-52 Mailing Lists When working with a mailing list, you need to be aware of 2 e-mail addresses List command address: used to interact with the list server software (e.g. subscribe and unsubscribe) List distribution address: used to post a message to everyone on the list Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-53 Internet Relay Chat, Web-based Chat and Instant Messaging Communication in real-time is also possible on the Internet Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Predates the web Relies on IRC servers Users connect to the server with an IRC client and tune into available channels Different IRC channels cover different topics Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-54 18
Internet Relay Chat, Web-based Chat and Instant Messaging Web-based Chat Requires a JavaScript-enabled browser The chat rooms may discuss a particular topic Some chats are even scheduled Some people have chat rooms on their web pages Some companies offer customer support through chat rooms Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-55 Internet Relay Chat, Web-based Chat and Instant Messaging Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-56 Internet Relay Chat, Web-based Chat and Instant Messaging Instant Messaging Is a hybrid between IRC and Web-based chat Requires a client to participate You can find chats that are ongoing or start your own chat (even a private one) Can even share files If you want to chat with someone, then you both must be on the same network (ICQ or AOL s Instant Messenger) Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-57 19
Internet Relay Chat, Web-based Chat and Instant Messaging Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-58 Internet Relay Chat, Web-based Chat and Instant Messaging Be careful about revealing personal information You can also get a virus by receiving an infected file Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-59 The Psychology of Chat Rooms People can behave differently online than in real life It is easy for someone to pretend to be someone else as well Anonymity contributes to the change in people s behavior online In some aspects the Internet keeps people from being themselves In some aspects the Internet can bring people together Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-60 20
Google Earth A Web 2.0 application Capable of displaying images of the Earth s surface Allows viewing, searching, and sharing information about the Earth Can be used to find specific locations, provide travel directions, create virtual tours Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-61 Google Earth Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-62 Google Earth Not quite a wiki - Includes database of assembled images of the Earth Users can zoom in and out Image reolsution ranges from 6 /pixel and up Landmarks, buildings, even people (in some cases) can be identified Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-63 21
Google Earth Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-64 Google Earth Individual locations and buildings can be labeled Streets, cities, and various other points of interest can be labeled Users can add their own labels, known as placemarks User placemarks can be published Must join the Google Earth Community to publish bookmarks and tours Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-65 Google Earth Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-66 22
Google Earth Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-67 Google Earth Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-68 Google Earth The Google Earth Community supports discussion groups and allows users to post their tours Tours are written in KML (Keyhole Markup Language) May be saved in a compressed format (.kml or.kmz files) Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 4-69 23