Introduction to ISO 15118 Vehicle-to-Grid Communication Interface Begleitforschung Schaufenster Elektromobilität Frankfurt, 2015-10-01 stephan.voit <at> rwe.com Word Cloud ISO 15118-1 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 2 1
Word Cloud ISO 15118-2 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 3 Agenda Part I > Motivation for a high-level communication > Philosophy of ISO 15118 > Architecture > Use cases Part II > Information flows > Sequence diagrams > Data structures > How to implement? (reference implementation, test cases) Part III > Privacy and security 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 4 2
MOTIVATION FOR A HIGH- LEVEL COMMUNICATION 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 5 Political and technical Regulations for E-Mobility > European Union defined the 2020 climate and energy package, also known as 20-20- 20 targets and Clean Vehicle Directive. > A 20% reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels; > Raising the share of EU energy consumption produced from renewable resources to 20%; > A 20% improvement in the EU's energy efficiency. > Today (distribution) grid system configuration can be better operated with assistance of smart charging. > Costs of grid enhancement exceed costs for Smart Charging clearly. > Optimized usage of fluctuating renewable energy (photovoltaic, wind). > Possibly development of new market(s) for selling flexibility of EV charging. 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 6 3
1. EU policy context of the next decade Transport White Paper - March 2011 Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system Identified d Goals: By 2030: Reduce transport GHG emissions by 20% Halve use of conventionally fuelled cars in urban centres Essentially free CO2 logistics in major urban centres By 2050: Reduce transport emissions by 60% 2. Co-evolution Electricity and Transport system Together both industries have more potential for optimization than independent from each other Possibility to enable grid optimization taking into consideration as well user and grid needs Usage of existing ICT systems to do authentification 4
Towards sustainable mobility: Introduction of alternative fuels will be indispensable Transport accounts for about 1/4 of GHG emissions in the EU: 60% comes from passenger transport (especially cars) 1/4 is urban transport 1/5 is inter-continental transport over half is mediumdistance transport Source: European Commission Transport White Paper 2011 Electro mobility will play a major role in the future Smart Grid activities. Renewable power parks EV and EVSE DSO System services Control energy Smart Home TRANSMISSION GRID Pooling (virtual power plants) ICT-Systeme Data exchange on power demand and availability Decentralized power generation and own consumption DISTRIBUTION GRID Source: FTD, RWE 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 10 5
00:00 00:50 01:40 02:30 03:20 04:10 05:00 05:50 06:40 07:30 08:20 09:10 10:00 10:50 11:40 12:30 13:20 14:10 15:00 15:50 16:40 17:30 18:20 19:10 20:00 20:50 21:40 22:30 23:20 capacity utiization Smart Charging combines security of energy supply and customer convenience. Effects of EV s and charging scenarios on the load curve 120% 110% 100% 90% 80% Additional Load caused by uncontrolled charging (25% share in distribution area) > Smart Charging limits the effects of additional loads on the distribution grid caused by EV s > Overload situations can be avoided up to a high market share of EV s (~50%) 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% Additional Load caused by smart charging (25% share in distribution area) Load Profile H0: Households > Smart Charging offers the possibility to use the fluctuating generation of renewables > No loss of convenience for the customer as the charging time is derived from customer preferences 10% 0% Maximum dimensions of transformer station 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 11 Comparison of Grid Effects with different charging Power (uncontrolled Case) Load curve with EVs (charging power 3.7 kw) without control 3.7 kw Assumptions: > Suburban grid: 630 kva per sub station > Battery capacity: 16-35 kwh > Penetration rate: 40 % (EV/Household) > rund 250 Haushalte (2000-8000 kwh/a) Load curve with EVs (charging power 20 kw) without control 20 kw > Only short time overload > How to react on this? Source: Thomas Dederichs, IFHT-RWTH Aachen: "Elektrofahrzeuge als virtuelle Energiespeicher", BDEW-Fachtagung, Berlin, 14. Oktober 2010 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 12 6
00:00 01:30 03:00 04:30 06:00 07:30 09:00 10:30 12:00 03:30 15:00 16:30 18:00 19:30 21:00 22:30 With target-oriented Management Grid Load can be reduced temporarily Load curve with EVs (charging power 20 kw) without control uncontrolled Load curve with EVs (charging power 3.7 kw) with charge management controlled With charge management a rate of 100% EV per household will be possible. Source: Thomas Dederichs, IFHT-RWTH Aachen: "Elektrofahrzeuge als virtuelle Energiespeicher", BDEW-Fachtagung, Berlin, 14. Oktober 2010 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 13 Wind Power Production at Ireland in % of current Demand as of Monday, 05. April 2010 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Time Source: Eirgrid, Senan McGrath The ecar Ireland Project, ESB ecars, 5.09.2011 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 14 7
PHILOSOPHY AND STRUCTURE OF ISO 15118 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 15 Philosophy of ISO 15118 > Use Control Pilot (CP) and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) of IEC 61851-1 (similar to SAE J1772) for safety > Support of several services > Authentication External Identification Means (EIM) and Plug nd Charge (PnC) > Handling of digital certificates and electronic signatures > Charging AC (Alternating Current) and DC (Direct Current) > Respecting customer requirements > Allows respecting of availability of capacity and power at (distribution) grid > Allows respecting of price tables from energy (re)seller > (re)negotiation of a charge profile with new parameters > Value Added Services > Respect security and privacy > Provide enough bandwidth by using PLC technology based on HomePlug GreenPHY > EV acts as a client, EVSE acts as a server 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 16 8
Smart electric cars, smart grids and charging stations will use a single data standard. Advantages of the bidirectional communications protocol ISO 15118 ICON Simplicity > Automatic authentication at charging points > Automatic contract handling operation (new contract, change of contract) > Quick and easy foreign authentication ( Enabling of Europewide e-roaming) > High security against data manipulation Grid friendliness > Active load management through EV feedback > Time-controlled charging possible > Tariff-controlled charging possible > Integration of renewable energy International importance > European and American acceptance of the deployment for AC charging > Worldwide acceptance for deployment for combined charging system (CCS) DC > According to ACEA report of the OEM from 2017 integrated into all EVs 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 17 Broad Spectrum of Participants shows high acceptance for expected Market ISO/IEC JWG V2G CI 15118 in Figures > Registered experts: 138 > Active countries: 13 > Passive ( reading ) countries: 14 > Number of official comments to 15118 documents: ~ 6000 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 18 9
ISO Project Track (International Standard) Preliminary Stage Proposal Stage Preparatory Stage Committee Stage Enquiry Stage Approval Stage Optional If no negative DIS ballot -> PROOF PWI NP Ballot Drafting CD Ballot Comments Resolution / Drafting DIS Ballot Comments Resolution FDIS Ballot IS -3 Acceptance criteria: - Approval simple majority of P-members - 5 ISO members contribute in standard development 0 Default Time Frame 0 12 15 0 Acceptance criteria: - 2 / 3 majority vote of P-members - Consensus 18 23 24 29 6 11 Acceptance criteria: - 2 / 3 majority vote of P-members - Not more than ¼ negative votes of the total number counted 30 42 18 Acceptance criteria: - 2 / 3 majority vote of P-members - Not more than ¼ negative votes of the total number counted 32 36 44 48 20 24 0 Extended Time Frame 0 Accelerated Time Frame 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 19 OSI-Layer - based standardization of Vehicle to grid communication Analysis of options Layer Data Communication Requirements Technologies 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical Payment & billing IDs and transactions Anti theft, tamper detection Pricing categories Energy demand & response info (local limits, optional grid load levels, ) Vehicle charge status & setup Additional provider info (location, etc.) Smart Energy Profile integration Reliable transmission Secure & protect customer data Directly send data to customer Use available industry standards Seamlessly integrate into public charge spots and Smart Home infrastructure Grounding circuit continuity monitoring and diagnostics Smart Meter Language (SML) http://www.sym2l.org Common Information Model (CIM) Zigbee / HomePlug / Smart Energy Profile 2.0 (SEP 2.0) New standard SML transport layer Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP & UDP) incl. security (TLS) New standard Wired/Wireless PWM 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 20 10
ISO/IEC Road vehicles Communication protocol between electric vehicle & grid - Document structure Layer 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport ISO / IEC Communication Protocol between EV and grid Part 1: General information and use-case definition ISO / IEC Communication Protocol between EV and grid Part 2: Technical protocol description and Open Systems Interconnections (OSI) layer requirements ISO / IEC Communication Protocol between EV and grid Part 4 (NWIP): Network and application protocol conformance test 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical ISO / IEC Communication Protocol between EV and grid Part 3: Physical layer and data link layer requirements ISO / IEC Communication Protocol between EV and grid Part 5 (NWIP): Physical layer and data link layer conformance test 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 21 TC69 Paul Bertrand (for EDF) TC22/SC3/JWG1 Michael Schwaiger (BMW) Secretary: Eric Wern (VDA) Jens Schmutzler (TU Dortmund) Wireless Communication is developed within Project Team (PT) 7. 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 22 11
Timeline for ISO 15118-4 and -5 As of September 2015 (see official project status at ISO project portal) Structure of Norm ISO 15118 Road vehicles Vehicle to grid communication interface > Part 1: General information and use-case definition (International Standard (IS) available since 04/2013) > Part 2: Network and application protocol requirements (IS available since 04/2014) > Part 3: Physical and data link layer requirements (IS available since 05/2015) > Part 4: Network and application protocol conformance test (CD2 available since 02/2015) > Part 5: Physical layer and data link layer conformance test (CD available since 08/2015) > Part 6: General information and use-case definition for wireless communication (DIS available since 09/2015) > Part 7: Network and application protocol requirements for wireless communication (CD under development) > Part 8: Physical layer and data link layer requirements for wireless communication (CD under development) Availability: Paper or PDF versions of DIS, FDIS, CDV and IS can be bought at ISO (www.iso.org) and IEC (www.iec.ch). CD versions are only distributed within Joint Working Group. 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 24 12
Role Model within ISO 15118 Primary actors Secondary actors Electric Vehicle Electric Vehicle Communication Controller Charger HMI ECU ISO 15118 Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Supply Equipment Communication Controller Electric Energy Meter Paying Unit Contactor HMI E-Mobility Operator Clearing House Fleet Operator Meter Operator Demand Clearing House E-Mobility Operator Electricity Provider Original Equipment Manufacturer Distribution System Operator Vehicle User 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 25 Use Cases provided by ISO 15118 A B Start of charging process Communication setup The Use Cases A to H are detailed into several Use Case Elements Example: Authorization C Certificate Handling Identification Mode D E Identification and Authorisation Target Setting and Charge Scheduling D1 D2 EVCC (0) EVCC (0) (1) vehicle user (1) vehicle user SECC SECC (3) (1)+ (2) SA PnC PnC F Charge controlling and Re-scheduling D3 D4 vehicle user SECC (1) SECC (3) SA EIM e.g. RFID EIM G Value Added Services vehicle user (1) (1)+(2) Information e.g. Credit Card (0) Activation Mandatory (1) Credential(s) (e.g. Contract ID) H End of charging process Optional (2) e.g. EVSE ID (3) e.g. Authorization 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 26 13
ISO 15118-1: Overview Use Case Elements (1/2) No. A1 A2 B1 C1 C2 D1 D2 D3 D4 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 Use case element name / grouping Begin of charging process with forced High Level Communication Begin of charging process with concurrent IEC 61851-1 and High Level Communication EVCC/SECC communication setup Certificate update Certificate installation Authorisation using Contract Certificates performed at the EVSE Authorisation using Contract Certificates performed with help of SA Authorisation at EVSE using external credentials performed at the EVSE Authorisation at EVSE using external credentials performed with help of SA AC charging with load levelling based on High Level Communication Optimized charging with scheduling to secondary actor Optimized charging with scheduling at EV DC charging with load levelling based on High Level Communication Resume to Authorised Charge Schedule 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 27 ISO 15118-1: Overview Use Case Elements (2/2) No. F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 G1 G2 H1 Use case element name / grouping Charging loop Charging loop with metering information exchange Charging loop with interrupt from the SECC Charging loop with interrupt from the EVCC or user Reactive power compensation Vehicle to grid support Value added services Charging details End of charging process 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 28 14
Data Communication controls Charging Session for better Integration of renewable Energy Backend Electric Vehicle Cable connected, CP/PWM ok, ask for service available I want to charge with costs, my contract ID is 1234 Calculation of charging profile; chosen price table Lock connector; I will charge from 2 AM to 6 AM at 5 kw Charging Offer accepted: I will charge from 4 AM to 6 AM at 11 kw I want to stop charging session; open contactor Signing drawn energy, unlock cable, end of communication 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 EV Supply Equipment (Charge point) Chose highest protocol version, send service list Checking contract ID, perhaps request at eroaming platform Valid ID can be used for charging up to 22 kw; load & price table enclosed Capacity reservation, perhaps communication with Smart Grid Contactor closed; send start meter reading Special wind offer: 4 AM to 6 AM, price minus 10% Capacity reservation, perhaps communication with Smart Grid Contactor opened Send stop meter reading; please sign meter reading Provide charge data (Service Detail Record) for billing Example: Controlling charging session according to ISO 15118-2 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 29 ISO 15118 uses P max and Tariff Tables for easy Integration of EVs into Power Grid and Power Production Grid and Power Production Tariff Table TariffStart [Seconds from now] 0 7.200 14.400 21.600 TariffPMax [Watt] 6.928 22.170 11.085 6.928 EPrice [relative, in %] 100% 70% 80% 100% TariffTableType Currency REL Tariff T1 EPriceUnit 1 (one percent) EPriceMuliplier 1 TariffPMax max. Amp per phase max. Watt 32 22.170 16 11.085 10 6.928 0 0 0 7.200 14.400 21.600 TariffStart EPrice 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0 7.200 14.400 21.600 TariffStart Source: According to Committee Draft ISO 15118-2 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 30 15
Load Management according to ISO 15118 with a Smart fortwo ed 3 connected to an RWE Charge Spot EVSE offered charge profile EV chosen charge profile > Charging power was restricted by cable, installation, feed-in and grid transmission capacity to max. 22 kw. > Electricity reseller offered a special price for this charging session at 50 % off, but between 10:30 and 11:00 AM normal price (100 %) had to be paid. During this period EV stopped charging. 2015, Stephan Voit, RWE Effizienz GmbH 2015-10-01 PAGE 31 16