DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION PERSPECTIVES OF SPACE-BASED COMPONENTS IN ROSHYDROMET OBSERVATION NETWORK Alexey Rublev (rublev@planet.iitp.ru) ROSHYDROMET (State Research Centre PLANETA) Expert team on satellite systems 9 -th Session Geneva, Switzerland, 12 November 2014 1
Content Objectives and development of Roshydromet space system Basic payload instruments of hydrometeorological satellites Russian data collection system (DCS) Calibration and validation of satellite hydrometeorological data Conclusion: vision of space-based observation in 2040 2
Objectives and development of Roshydromet space system 3
Objectives of network space-based components HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING: - atmosphere and ocean monitoring and forecast; - sea ice monitoring for navigation in Arctic and Antarctic regions and seas; - data provision for heliogeophysical service. DATA COLLECTION AND RETRANSMISSION SERVICE: - satellite data receiving, processing and distribution; - retransmission of data collected from remotely located data collection platform; - reception and transmission of Cospas-Sarsat signals. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGES MONITORING: - ocean and landscape change (SST and ocean color, vegetation cover, etc.) - evaluating cloud and related parameters and multiyear ice dynamics; - Monitoring ozone layer and greenhouse gases (CO 2 & CH 4 ). DISASTER & POLLUTION MONITORING: - pollution characteristics mapping for atmosphere, land surface and ocean; - assessment of potentially dangerous zones of pollution propagation; - survey of potentially dangerous areas, assessment of risk and disaster impact; - disaster impact /damage assessment. 4
RUSSIAN EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (Launched 17.09.2009) (Launched 22.07.2012 ) (Launched 25.06.2013) (Launched 20.01.2011) 2 (Launched 08.07.2014) 5
High-elliptical Orbit Satellite System "Arctiсa-М" 6
Arctica-M Parameter Full number of MSU-A spectral channel Value 10 Spectral range, µm from 0,5 to 12,5 Resolution (at nadir): - VIS-channel, km - IR-channel, km Frequency of full Earth disk observation, min: - regular mode - frequent mode 1 4 30 15 Radio-retransmitting complex BRTK-A Spacecraft mass, kg 2000 The launch of the first satellite in Arctiсa series is scheduled for 2015. 7
Russian Earth Observation Satellites Program (Federal Space Program for 2006-2015 and the forecast for 2016-2025 г.г.) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Geostationary meteorological system ELECTRO-L 1 (76 E) - launched 20.01.2011 ELECTRO-L 2 (77,8 E) ELECTRO-L 3 (14,5 W) ELECTRO-L 4 ELECTRO-L 5 ELECTRO-М Satellite system «Arctiсa» Polar-orbiting meteorological system R&D environmental satellites Communication satellites METEOR-M 1 - launched 17.09.2009 METEOR-M 2 - launched 08.07.2014 LUCH-5A - - launched 11.12.2011 г. METEOR-M 2-1 METEOR-M 2-2 KANOPUS-V 1 - launched 22.07.2012 KANOPUS-V 2 (ИК) METEOR-M 2-5 METEOR-M 3 (Oceanographic) RESURS-P 1 - launched 25.06.2013 RESURS-P 2 LUCH-5V - launched 28.04.2014 ARCTICA-M 1 ARCTICA-M 2 OBZOR-O 1 OBZOR-R ARCTICA-M 3,4 METEOR-M 2-3 METEOR-M 2-4 KANOPUS-V 3 KANOPUS-V -В 4 KANOPUS-V 5 KANOPUS-V 6 RESURS-P 3 RESURS-P 4 OBZOR-O 2 ARCTICA-M 5,6 OBZOR-O 3 OBZOR-O 4 METEOR-MP 1 METEOR-MP 2 METEOR-MP 3,4 8
Future space-based systems of ROSHYDROMET System type Number of satellites Satellite name Geostationary meteorological system - GEO 3 Electro -L, Electro-M High-elliptical Earth Orbit System - HEO 2 Arctica-M Polar-orbiting meteorological system - LEO (Low Earth Orbit ) 4 Meteor-M, Meteor-MP Oceanic system - LEO 2 Ocean R&D environmental system 7 Special communication system for groundbased radar data collection Kanopus BM Resurs-PM, Obzor-O 2 Doppler 9
Basic payload instruments of hydrometeorological satellites 10
Meteor-MP Basic Instrument Specifications Instrument Application Spectral bands MSU-MR Multi spectral scanning low resolution sensor GORIZONT-MP Set of multi-spectral scanners MTVZA-GY-MP Microwave radiometer for sounding atmospheric temperature and humidity IRFS-3 Advanced IR sounder (infrared Fourierspectrometer) BRLK-MP Synthetic aperture radar ARMA-MP Instrument for radio occultation atmosphere monitoring and bistatic remote sensing of the Earth's surface Global and regional cloud cover mapping, ice and snow cover observation, forest fire monitoring, Earth surface monitoring for various issues (floods, soils and vegetation state, ice extent) Atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, atmospheric motion vectors 0,4 12,5µm (17 channels) 0,37-0,9 µm (6 channels) 6.9-200 GHz (30 channels) Swathwidth (km) 3000 1000 Resolution (km) 0,25-0,5 0,1 3000 10 50 Atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, concentration and column amount of minor gases including CO 2 3.7-15 µm 2000 12 and CH 4 All-weather Ice cover monitoring Atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, surface mapping Х- diapason GLONASS, GPS, GALILEO 130 600 750 0,5/1 100 - horizontal 0.15 - vertical BRK SSPD Data Collection System Data retransmission from DCP 11
MSU-GS Basic Performance Characteristics (scanner of Electro-M GEO satellite) Number of channels VIS IR 20 4 16 Spectral range 0.38 15 µm Image frame (deg x deg) 19 ± 0.5 x 19 ± 0.5 HRIT ground resolution in sub-satellite point (km) 0.5 (VIS); 2.0 (0.9-12 µm);4 (10-15 µm) S/N ratio for VIS channels 200 NE T at 300K (K) in the band 3.5-4.0 µm in the band 5.7-7.0 µm in the band 7.5-12.5 µm in the band 13 15 µm 0.1@300K 0.3@250K 0.1-0.2@300K 0.3@250K Power (W) 150 Weight (kg) 90 Lifetime of basic and reserve units (years) 10 12
Russian data collection system (DCS) 13
Electro-L Data Collection System Electro-L 1 DCP data receiving station DCP data receiving station «Terminal-GM» Roshydromet DCP network Data receiving and processing system SRC Planeta (Moscow) Dedicated communication channel SRC Planeta (Dolgoprudny ) Internet network SRC Planeta (Novosibirsk ) Internet network ADRS Roshydromet GTS Roshydromet communication channels Aviamettelecom Roshydromet Moscow Internet network Users Roshydromet Institutions 14
Geographical Distribution of Russian DCPs more than 500 DCPs, October 2014 15
Future plans 16
Calibration and validation of satellite hydrometeorological data 17
Satellite-based thematic products Cloud cover Wind and Precipitation Cloud cover monitoring Nephanalysis chart Floods and Fires Tropical cyclone monitoring Weather phenomenon charts Precipitation and cloud cover parameters Sea and Land Surface Temperature Atmospheric motion winds Flooding maps Fire maps Ocean surface temperature Sea surface temperature Land surface temperature Snow and Ice cover Environmental monitoring Snow cover boundaries Sea ice extent charts Atmospheric sounding data Sea ice drift map Zones under risk of contamination Vegetation Index Water pollution Volcanic ash propagation monitoring Time series data Давление, Pa 180 200 220 240 260 280 300К 0 20 40 60 Давление, Pa 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 кг/кг 0 20 40 60 80 100 Thousands Thousands 80 100 Temperature profile Humidity profile Atmospheric sounding data coverage Multi year sea ice extent monitoring in Russian Arctic Seasonal changes in floating and fast ice in Caspian Sea Desertification monitoring at Black Lands of the Kalmyk Republic 18
Roshydromet CAL/VAL System SRC PLANETA regional centers Observation polygons Roshydromet observation network
Atmospheric vertical profiles Peterhof Site Cloudiness, aerosol and precipitation parameters Wind speed vertical profiles Instrumental facility Fourier Transform Spectrometer Bruker IFS 120/125HR (Saint- Petersburg State University) Registers of solar radiance spectra with high spectral resolution (up to 0.002 cm -1 ). Provides: Total water vapour content with accuracy of ~4% CH 4 total column with accuracy of ~1.5% Ozone total column and vertical profile with accuracy of ~4%
Peterhof Site Instrumental facility (continuation) Microwave radiometer HATPRO All-weather measurements in troposphere with high temporal resolution: Temperature profile Humidity profile Total water vapour content Cloud liquid water. Features: 14 spectral channels (7 in oxygen absorption band 0.5 cm and 7 in water vapour absorption band 1.35 cm); 24-hours automatic mode
Zotino Tall Tower Facility (ZOTTO) 1. Continuous CO 2 and CH 4 gas measurements at 301, 227, 158, 92, 52, and 4 m height. 2. Continuous aerosol measurements at 301, and 52 m height. 3. Continuous CO measurements at 301, and 52 m height. 4. O3 & CO total column measurements. 5. Regular radiosonde measurements (about 80 km from ZOTTO). Measurement profile 22
Conclusion: vision of space-based observation in 2040 1. By 2040, the Roshydromet space constellation should include 3 Electro GEO satellites, 2 Arctica highly elliptical orbit satellites, 4 Meteor and 2 oceanic LEO satellites. 2. All new satellite instruments (scanners, radars, and spectrometers) will have better spectral and space resolution in comparison with existing models. 3. Lifetime of LEO «Meteor-MP» satellites will be no less 7 years, for Electro-M GMS and Arctica highly elliptical orbit satellites - no less 10 years. 4. The constellation of Electro-M GMS (with backup option via Luch communication satellites) and Arctica satellites will provide coverage from about 75S to about 90N. 5. Roshydromet ground-based network and test sites will be used for validation of new satellite data and products, including those designed for climate change monitoring.
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