Introduction of Wireless Communication in Smart Grid

Introduction of Wireless Communication in Smart Grid CATR-CTTL 第 1 页

Outline Introduction of Smart Grid Standardization of Smart Grid Wireless communication in Smart Grid Introduction of CATR work on Smart Grid 第 2 页

Introduction of Smart Grid What is Smart Grid The Architecture of Smart Grid Typical Applications of Smart Grid 第 3 页

Today s Electric Grid What is Smart Grid (1) Centralized, bulk generation Heavy reliance on coal, natural gas Limited automation Limited situational awareness Consumers lack data to manage energy usage 第 4 页

Smart Grid What is Smart Grid (2) 第 5 页

What is Smart Grid (3) What is Smart Grid? Tomorrow s so-called Smart Grid is a means of nextgeneration energy delivery and measurement. It aims to deliver and monitor electricity consumption using multidirectional technologies that dynamically allocate and meter power flows to ensure increased efficiency, savings, and reliability. (NIST) an automated, widely distributed energy delivery network characterized by a two-way flow of electricity and information, capable of monitoring and responding to changes in everything from power plants to customer preferences to individual appliances. It incorporates into the grid the benefits of distributed computing and communications to deliver real-time information and enable the near-instantaneous balance of supply and demand at the device level. (DoE-US Department of Energy) 第 6 页

What is Smart Grid (4) What is Smart Grid? a smart grid is the electricity delivery system (from point of generation to point of consumption) integrated with communications and information technology (IEEE P2030) The European Commission defines a Smart Grid as an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it, including generators, consumers and those that do both in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. (EC Smart Grid Task Force http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/taskf orce_en.htms) 第 7 页

What is Smart Grid (5) Today s Electricity Tomorrow s Choices e - Power park Fuel Cell Hydrogen Wind Storage Farms Fuel Cell Rooftop Photovoltaic e - s Industrial DG SMES Remot e Loads Smart Substation Load as a resource Combined Heat and Power 第 8 页

The Architecture of Smart Grid (1) 第 9 页

The Architecture of Smart Grid (2) 第 10 页

Typical Applications of Smart Grid (1) Service Plane Billing E-Commerce Data Models Subscription management & activation Security Business processes Connectivity & Control Plane Connectivity Plane Functions OAM type functions Traffic engineering, protection restoration virtualization and routing Access technologies Energy Control Plane Functions Substation automate, condition monitoring & diagnosis, supervision & protection Time synchronization metering Energy Plane Sensors Electric storage and interconnection Transmission and Distribution Power systems, etc. Service Control Energy IP Network 第 11 页

Typical Applications of Smart Grid (2) Examples of applications and services include: Development and deployment of an information network that provides a real-time, demand-side management system for power grids. Support for and integration of renewables and distributed generation. Workflow management systems for the grid. Demand-response software that allows automated load maintenance. Protocols for grid wide system interoperability. Advanced communications to allow distributed energy producers to pool resources, and to handle variations in supply and demand. 第 12 页

Typical Applications of Smart Grid (3) One Typical Application Scenario - HAN 第 13 页

Typical Applications of Smart Grid (4) One Typical Application - HAN 第 14 页

Standardization of Smart Grid Activities on Smart Grid in ITU-T Activities on Smart Grid in US Activities on Smart Grid in NIST Activities on Smart Grid in IEEE Activities on Smart Grid in Europe 第 16 页

Activities on Smart Grid in ITU-T (1) ITU-T established Focus Group on Smart Grid (FG-Smart) FG-Smart objective to collect and document information and concepts that would be helpful for developing Recommendations to support smart grid from a telecommunication/ict perspective... 第 17 页

Activities on Smart Grid in ITU-T (2) 1 st meeting of FG-Smart: 14-16 June 2010, Geneva More than 25 related organizations invited to 1 st meeting 2 nd meeting of FG-Smart: 2-5 Aug 2010, Geneva Three Working Groups established WG 1: Use cases Defined 13 use cases so far WG 2: Requirements WG 3: Architecture Complete Terms of Reference: www.itu.int/itu-t/focusgroups/smart/tor.html 第 18 页

Activities on Smart Grid in ITU-T (3) Next Steps/Actions 3 rd FG-Smart meeting: October 2010 4 th FG-Smart meeting: December 2010 5 th FG-Smart meeting: January 2011 第 19 页

Activities on Smart Grid in NIST (1) NIST: the National Institute of Standards and Technology Under the United States Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, NIST was given "primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems. 第 20 页

Activities on Smart Grid in NIST (2) NIST Three Phase Plan for Smart Grid Interoperability PHASE 1 Identify an initial set of existing consensus standards and develop a roadmap to fill gaps NIST role Summer 2009 workshops NIST Interoperability Framework 1.0 Draft Released Sept 2009 Smart Grid Interoperability Panel established Nov 2009 PHASE 2 Establish Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) public-private forum with governance for ongoing efforts PHASE 3 Conformity Framework (includes Testing and Certification) January 2009 2010 NIST Interoperability Framework 1.0 Released Jan 2010 第 21 页

Activities on Smart Grid in NIST (3) The Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP), which represents NIST s second phase, supports NIST in fulfilling its responsibilities. The SGIP identifies, prioritizes and addresses new and emerging requirements for Smart Grid standards. The SGIP does not develop standards; rather coordinates standards development. ATIS has been involved in NIST s Smart Grid initiatives since August 2009 and identified several areas of ICT standards involvement in the NIST Interoperability Framework Process and priority actions plans (PAPs). 第 22 页

Activities on Smart Grid in NIST (4) Priority Action Plans Smart meter upgradeability standard (PAP 00, completed by NEMA in 2009) Standard meter data profiles (PAP 05) Develop common specification for price and product definition (PAP 03) Develop common scheduling communication for energy transactions (PAP 04) Standard demand response signals (PAP 09) Customer energy use information (PAP10) Energy storage interconnection guidelines (PAP 07) Interoperability standards to support plug-in electric vehicles (PAP 11) Wind Interconnection Standards (PAP 16) Priority Action Plans Guidelines for use of IP protocol suite in the Smart Grid (PAP 01) Guidelines for the use of wireless communications (PAP 02) Harmonize power line carrier standards for appliance communications in home (PAP15) Develop common information model (CIM) for distribution grid management (PAP 08) DNP3 Mapping to IEC 61850 Objects (PAP12) Transmission and distribution power systems model mapping (PAP 14) Harmonization of IEEE C37.118 with IEC 61850 and Precision Time Synchronization (PAP 13) 第 23 页

Activities on Smart Grid in IEEE (1) In 2009, IEEE began a new and ambitious project, P2030,developing a guide to Smart Grid interoperability, setting the stage for future standards development related to Smart Grid. Title: IEEE Standard 2030 Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology operation with the Electric Power System (EPS) and End-Use Applications and Loads. 第 24 页

Activities on Smart Grid in IEEE (2) Scope This standard provides guidelines for smart grid interoperability. This guide provides a knowledge base addressing terminology, characteristics, functional performance and evaluation criteria, and the application of engineering principles for smart grid interoperability of the electric power system with end use applications and loads. The guide discusses alternate approaches to good practices for the smart grid. 第 25 页

Activities on Smart Grid in IEEE (3) Overall Goals Provide guidelines in understanding and defining smart grid interoperability of the electric power system with end-use applications and loads Focus on integration of energy technology and information and communications technology Achieve seamless operation for electric generation, delivery, and end-use benefits to permit two way power flow with communication and control Address interconnection and intra-facing frameworks and strategies with design definitions Expand knowledge in grid architectural designs and operation to promote a more reliable and flexible electric power system Stimulate the development of a Body of IEEE 2030 smart grid standards and or revise current standards applicable to smart grid body of standards. 第 26 页

Activities on Smart Grid in IEEE (4) TF2 (Task Force 2) Information Technology TF3 (Task Force 3) Communications Technology http://smartgrid.ieee.org/ TF1 (Task Force 1) Power Engineering Technology 第 27 页

Activities on Smart Grid in Europe (1) The EU Smart Grids Task Force (http://www.smartgridtoday.com/public/939.cfm) A Steering Committee and 3 Expert Groups EG 1. Functionalities of Smart Grids and Smart Meters. EG 2. Regulatory recommendations for data safety, data handling & data protection. EG 3. Roles and responsibilities of actors involved in the deployment of Smart Grids. 第 28 页

Activities on Smart Grid in Europe (2) ICT Standardization, the core of ETSI activities M2M, Smart Metering Security Evolution of Mobile Networks (in 3GPP) Enhancements to the 3G/4G networks to support the M2M traffic Next Generation Networks (in TISPAN) Adapting powerline protocols to meet the smart grids requirements Smart Card Platform (SCP) Testing and Interoperability expertise 第 29 页

Activities on Smart Grid in Europe (4) EU Background: a fragmented electricity market Deregulation of electricity in some EC states Vision: Start with a smart metering infrastructure then extend to a smart grid network US Background: an aging power grid Vision: Smart meters and AMI are part of the toolbox that allows to build a smart grid infrastructure Similar end goals but different paths! AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure Need for a global (architecture) approach and for regional implementation 第 30 页

Wireless communication in Smart Grid There are a number of advantages for using wireless communications including: Anywhere and anytime access to information Mobility Interoperability Reduced cost and complexity Availability of technologies with different characteristics to choose from 第 32 页

Wireless communication in Smart Grid All Wireless Communication Technologies in Smart Grid LTE HSPA+ UMTS EDGE Cdma2000 1x IEEE 802.16 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15 第 33 页

Wireless communication in Smart Grid A number of challenges remain to be addressed: How to choose among technologies with different characteristics? How do we know which technology to use for what Smart Grid application? Are there any implications for using a certain wireless technology in a certain environment? Are there any deployment? Interference issues? 第 34 页

Wireless communication in Smart Grid A modeling approach is needed in order to map the Smart Grid Applications requirements onto the network functionality and services in order to consider the following: Networking infrastructure and topology Combination of multiple wireless/wired links end-to-end Link sharing NIST_Priority_Action_Plan_2_r04.pdf 第 35 页

Wireless communication in Smart Grid Step 1: Select a link between two devices; Step 2: Identify the events that cross this link; Step 3: Use the information from these events to calculate the individual contribution of frequency of event and size of application payload Step 4: Select one value for each Step 5: Assume values for missing assumptions Step 6: Calculate the aggregate traffic using selections and assumptions 第 36 页

Wireless communication in Smart Grid Example use of the approach Step 1 Select a link between two devices The link between the Data Aggregation Point (DAP) and a Smart Meter 第 37 页

Wireless communication in Smart Grid Step 2 Identify the events that cross this link Five events are present in the DAP to Smart Meter direction 2 for meter reading Multiple interval metering reading request On-demand meter read requests 3 for service switch Cancel service switch operate request Service switch operate request Service switch state request Ten events are present in the Smart Meter to DAP direction 6 for meter reading Multiple interval metering reading request Commercial/Industrial Gas smart meters Commercial/Industrial Electric meters Residential gas smart meters Residential electric smart meters On-demand read request app errors On-demand meter read data 4 for service switch Send service switch operate acknowledgement Send service switch operate failure Send metrology information after a success service switch Send service status data 第 38 页

Wireless communication in Smart Grid Step 3 Use the information from these events to calculate the individual contribution of frequency of event and size of application payload. Step 4 Select one value for each. DAP to Smart Meter direction 第 39 页

Wireless communication in Smart Grid Step 4 Select one value for each. Smart Meter to DAP direction 第 40 页

Wireless communication in Smart Grid Step 5 Assume values for missing assumptions. How many smart meters? What proportion of types of smart meters? Commercial/Industrial Gas smart meters Commercial/Industry Electric meters Residential gas smart meters Residential electric smart meters Assume 1000 smart meter attached to a DAP Assume the following proportions of types of smart meters 第 41 页

Wireless communication in Smart Grid Step 6 Calculate the aggregate traffic using selections and assumptions Using the selected values from step 4 and the assumed values from step 5, the aggregate traffic for each direction is calculated below each of the following table. 第 42 页

Wireless communication in Smart Grid DAP to Smart Meter direction 第 43 页

Wireless communication in Smart Grid Smart Meter to DAP direction 第 44 页

Wireless communication in Smart Grid Dual-direction application requirements of payload rate DAP to Smart Meter direction -6 Number of events per meter per second = 0.152 86400=1.76 10 Smart Meter to DAP direction -4 Number of events per meter per second = 9.221075 86400 =1.07 10 第 45 页

Introduction of CATR work on Smart Grid Work done 5 contributions input to ITU-T Focus Group ITU-T FGSG smart-i-0009: Proposal for Terminology ITU-T FGSG smart-i-00010: Information and telecommunication requirements to support smart grid ITU-T FGSG smart-i-0011: Typical use cases of Internet of Things applied to support smart grid ITU-T FGSG smart-i-0031: Terms and Definitions List for Deliverable Terminology ITU-T FGSG smart-i-0032: Draft Deliverable x: Terminology 第 47 页

Introduction of CATR work on Smart Grid Further interests Typical use cases of telecommunication technology applied to support smart grid Typical use cases of M2M applications related to smart grid Interoperability of telecommunication equipments applied in smart grid (Smart metering, Smart Gateway, ) 第 48 页

Thank you! 第 49 页