Define the definition of an element Describe that each type of atom has a chemical symbol Describe the basic structure of the periodic table Describe the basic structure of an atom.
Describe what happens to the atoms in a chemical reaction Describe how the mass of reactants compares with the mass of products in a chemical reaction Explain why there can be an apparent loss or gain in mass during reactions involving gases in open containers Write balanced symbol equations, including state symbols, to represent reactions.
Define what a mixture is Describe and explain how to separate the components in a range of mixtures by filtration, crystallisation, and simple distillation. Explain why fractional distillation is needed to separate some liquids Explain how fractional distillation works
Explain how paper chromatography works. Explain how and why the atomic model has changed over time Explain that scientific theories are revised or replaced by new ones in the light of new evidence. Identify the location, relative charge, and relative mass of the protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom
Describe what the atomic number and mass number of an atom represent Explain why atoms have no overall charge Describe that atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons. Explain how to work out the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an ion
Explain how to represent an atom s atomic number and mass number how to estimate the size and scale of atoms, using SI units and the prefix nano Define isotope Describe how the electrons are arranged in an atom Identify the electronic structures of the first 20 elements in the periodic table
Explain how to represent electronic structures in diagrams and by using numbers. Descibe how the periodic table was developed over time Explain how testing a prediction can support or refute a new scientific idea. Explain how atomic structure is linked to the periodic table
Explain how metals and nonmetals differ, including the electronic structures of their atoms and their positions in the periodic table Explain why the noble gases are so unreactive. Describe how the Group 1 elements behave Explain how the properties of the Group 1 elements change going down the group.
Describe how the Group 7 elements behave Explain how the properties of the Group 7 elements change going down the group. Compare the trends in reactivity in Group 1 and Group 7 Explain how electronic structure can explain trends in reactivity in these groups.
Describe the properties of the transition elements Compare how the transition elements compare with the alkali metals.