AP CHEMISTRY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)
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1 AP CHEMISTRY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B) First Ionization Energy Question 6 Second Ionization Energy Third Ionization Energy (kj mol 1 ) (kj mol 1 ) (kj mol 1 ) Element 1 1,251 2,300 3,820 Element ,560 6,910 Element ,450 7,730 Element 4 1,000 2,250 3,360 The table above shows the first three ionization energies for atoms of four elements from the third period of the periodic table. The elements are numbered randomly. Use the information in the table to answer the following questions. (a) Which element is most metallic in character? Explain your reasoning. Element 2. It has the lowest first-ionization energy. Metallic elements lose electron(s) when they become ions, and element 2 requires the least amount of energy to remove an electron. One point is earned for the identification. One point is earned for the justification. (b) Identify element 3. Explain your reasoning. Magnesium. Element 3 has low first and second ionization energies relative to the third ionization energy, indicating that the element has two valence electrons, which is true for magnesium. (The third ionization of element 3 is dramatically higher, indicating the removal of an electron from a noble gas core.) One point is earned for the identification. One point is earned for the justification. (c) Write the complete electron configuration for an atom of element 3. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 One point is earned for the correct electron configuration. (d) What is the expected oxidation state for the most common ion of element 2? 1+ One point is earned for the correct oxidation state The College Board. All rights reserved.
2 AP CHEMISTRY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B) Question 6 (continued) (e) What is the chemical symbol for element 2? Na One point is earned for the correct symbol. (f) A neutral atom of which of the four elements has the smallest radius? Element 1 One point is earned for the correct identification of the element The College Board. All rights reserved.
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9 AP CHEMISTRY 2007 SCORING COMMENTARY (Form B) Question 6 Sample: 6A Score: 8 This response earned all 8 points: 2 for part (a), 2 for part (b), 1 for part (c), 1 for part (d), 1 for part (e), and 1 for part (f). Sample: 6B Score: 5 Both points were earned in part (a). Only 1 point was earned in part (b); although barium is in the wrong period and did not earn a point, the same reasoning is correct for magnesium, a member of the same group. The point was earned in part (c) because the correct electron configuration for the element selected in part (b) is given. The point was earned in part (d). The point was not earned in part (e) because lithium is not a period three element. The point was not earned in part (f). Sample: 6C Score: 4 The points were not earned in part (a). Both points were earned in part (b). The point was not earned in part (c). The point was earned in part (d) because although the wrong symbol is given, the oxidation state is correct. The point was earned in part (e). The point was not earned in part (f) The College Board. All rights reserved.
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