Post-Modern World Reading Guide Part One, The First World War & Its Aftermath 1. Explain the periodization of the post-modern era. What major events does it encompass?* Chapter 33 2. What were the forces behind the outbreak of the First World War? (764-767) 3. List several ways in which World War One was truly a global conflict. (768) 4. Complete the following timeline of WWI by listing the important events for each year: (768-782) 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 [NB: Don t just list battles or treaties without an explanation of why they were significant!]
5. Give examples of how World War I affected the home front in unprecedented ways. (772-774) 6. Explain the role of the czar and industrialization in setting the stage for revolution in 1917.* 7. How did WWI become the tipping point for revolution in Russia? (778) 8. Explain unrestricted submarine warfare. How was it a double-edged sword? (779-780) 9. Summarize Woodrow Wilson s Fourteen Points. (782) 10. Explain the rationale behind the partition of the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires. (782) 11. What was a mandate? Who was affected? What happened in reality? (783-785) 12. To what extent did the Treaty of Versailles reflect the Fourteen Points? (782-785) 13. How did WWI change the relationship between Europe and the colonies? Why? (785-787)
Part Two, An Age of Anxiety Chapter 34 1. Define the terms below and then complete the sentence in the box below. (793-797) relativity - psychoanalysis - existentialism - nihilism - cubism - surrealism - The time period between the two world wars is sometimes referred to as an Age of Uncertainty because 2. Explain how the Great Depression in the U.S. became a global depression. (797-799) 3. What steps did western countries take to combat the financial crisis? (800-802)
4. Complete the timeline of the Russian Revolution by identifying THE major event for each date: (refer to pages 778-779 & 802-803) 1917 February/March - October/November - 1918 1920 1922 5. How did Lenin s approach to communism differ from that of Karl Marx?* 6. Give several examples of how Stalin built a totalitarian state in Russia. (803-804) 7. How did the status of women change under communism in Russia?* 8. Define fascism. How was it similar to communism? How did it differ? (804-806)
9. What factors created instability in Europe s new democracies, e.g. the Weimar Republic? 10. Compare and contrast the rise to power of Mussolini and Hitler. (806-810) Mussolini Hitler 11. What other countries fell to dictators and/or fascist governments? Which remained democratic?* 12. In what way is it true to say that Spain was the first battlefield of the Second World War?*
Part Three, World War II and the Cold War Chapter 36 1. Complete the chart to show the aggressive foreign policies of Japan, Italy and Germany. (836-839) Country First Event & Date Second Event & Date Third Event & Date Japan Italy Germany 2. What was the British and French response to this aggression? (839) 3. What was the Final Solution? Which groups were targeted by this government program? (850) 4. What new roles did women in Allied countries take on during WWII? in Japan? (852-853) 5. Complete the chart detailing the status if the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. prior to the Yalta Conference: WWII DEATHS POST-WAR ECONOMY DIPLOMATIC AGENDA ECONOMIC GOALS PLAN FOR EUROPE PLANS FOR GERMANY United States Soviet Union
6. What did the Allies do to ensure peace after WWII? Give the details of this plan. (854) 7. Identify the countries that became satellites and fell behind the USSR s Iron Curtain. (855) 8. Define containment. Give two examples of when this policy was implemented. (855-856) 9. What did the United States do to combat the spread of communism in allied countries? (855-856) 10. Briefly summarize what happened in China after WWII ended. (856-857) 11. How was Mao s badly outnumbered Red Army able to defeat the U.S.-backed Nationalists?* 12. Why did war break out on the Korean Peninsula after WWII? How was it resolved? (857) 13. How had relations between the U.S.S.R. and the P.R.C. changed by 1964? (857)
14. Explain the theory of M.A.D. and how it worked to maintain the status quo. (859) NAME 15. How did Cuba become a nuclear flashpoint? (859-860) 16. What was De-Stalinization? What ramifications did this have for the USSR? (860) 17. Summarize the Prague Spring and Brezhnev Doctrine. Explain how they are related. (860) 18. Define détente and give examples from the Cold War. What prompted this new era? (860-861) Chapter 38 19. What did Reagan do to halt détente in the 1980s? How did the Soviets respond? (892-893) 20. How did reforms begin in Poland? What changes occurred by 1989? (893) 21. Why was the Czechoslovakian reform movement known as the Velvet Revolution? (893-894)
22. Complete the following timeline detailing the reunification of Germany. (894) NAME 6/12/1987 Summer 1989 11/9/1989 10/3/1990 23. Define glasnost and perestroika. How did the USSR change under Gorbechev? (894-895) 24. How did the CIA hasten the fall of the Soviet Union? (895) 25. Briefly describe the disintegration of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991. (895-896) 26. What forces were unleashed in the Balkans after the Cold War? Summarize that conflict.*
Part Four, The Third World Chapter 35 1. What issue united the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League? (814-815) 2. What methods did Gandhi use to protest British rule? What was his vision for India? (815) 3. Explain the causes and the ultimate failure of the India Act of 1937. (815-816) Puyi, the Last Emperor 4. What government replaced the Qing Dynasty after the Chinese Revolution of 1911? (816) 5. Why was this new government criticized? (816-817) 6. Who led the Nationalists after Sun Yatsen? How did he try to consolidate his power? (817-818) 7. What was the Long March? Who led it? How did it impact China s communist party? (819)
8. After WWI, what factors led Japan to abandon the guarantees of peaceful cooperation with other nations that it made by signing agreements like the Kellogg-Briand Pact? (819-820) 9. What impact did the international response to the Mukden Incident have on militarists in Japan? (820) 10. Identify three ways in which the First World War impacted Africa. (820-822) I. II. III. 11. Complete the following chart: (822-823) Aspects of the African Economy Briefly describe how each area was impacted by European imperialism. Briefly describe how it contributed to discontent among native Africans. INFRASTRUCTURE FARMING & MINING LABOR PRACTICES
12. What forces were shaping African nationalism in the aftermath of World War I? (823-825) 13. Compare and contrast the goals of the following African nationalist leaders. (823-825) Marcus Garvey Jomo Kenyatta 14. What made Latin America so receptive to radical ideologies like Marxism? (825-826) 15. Explain the impact of the following on Latin America: (827-831) Dollar Diplomacy the Great Depression Good Neighbor Policy
Chapter 37 16. What was the cause of the instability that plagued India even after independence? (867-868) 17. What was discussed at the Bandung Conference? What does the term 3 rd World mean? (868) 18. Why did war erupt in Vietnam? How did the United States become involved? (868-870) 19. How did the U.S. policy towards Vietnam change after 1968? Why? (871) 20. Explain how Israel became a state in 1948. How did Arab nations respond? (871-872) 21. What were the causes of the intifada that began in 1987? How was this issue resolved? (872) 22. What prompted the Suez Crisis in 1956? How was it resolved? (872-873) 23. What obstacles did many African countries face in their attempts to become independent? (873)
24. Complete the following chart detailing how European colonies became free after WWII: Colony Year Circumstances Mother Country Region Page 1946 United States SE Asia * 1947 Great Britain South Asia 868 1947 Great Britain South Asia 868 1954 France SE Asia 869 1957 Great Britain Africa 876 1960 Belgium Africa 875 1962 France Africa 874 1963 Great Britain Africa 876 1975 Portugal Africa 875 25. What was Negritude? Who embraced it? (874-875) 26. What reasons did European countries have for keeping their colonies? (875)
27. Describe apartheid. What were homelands? Why did black South Africans oppose them? (878) 28. Complete the timeline below showing the progress of equal rights in South Africa. (878-879) 1955 1960 1990 1994 29. What Chinese cultural traditions were attacked by Mao s revolutionary agenda for China? (879) 30. What was the Great Leap Forward? Was it successful? Why or why not? (880) 31. What was the Cultural Revolution? Who were its enemies? Who were its heroes? (880-881) 32. How did China change in the 1980s? Under whose leadership did these changes take place? (881)
33. What caused the Tiananmen Square Massacre? What were the consequences? (881) 34. In what ways was China s communist revolution similar to Russia s? How did it differ?* 35. What was the Green Revolution? Under whose leadership did it occur? Did it work? (881-882) 36. What is meant by pan-arab unity? What forces prevented this from happening? (882) 37. Explain how U.S. interference in Iran contributed to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. (882-883) 38. Why did Iran s revolution lead to war with Iraq? What were the consequences of the war? (883) 39. How did colonial legacies hinder prospects for stability in post-colonial Africa? (879 & 883-884) 40. How were the struggles of post-colonial Latin America similar to Africa? different? (884)
41. Complete the chart showing the development of democratic governments in Latin America. Country 19 th Century Early 20 th Century Late 20 th Century (1821) (1917) (2000) Mexico (636, 829 & 884) (1857) (1938) Argentina (636 & 884-885) (1824) (1946) (1976) (1983) Nicaragua (636, 829 & 886) (1838) (1934) (1979) (1983) 42. Using the chart above to help you, circle the correct answer to each of the following questions: T F Latin America generally moved away from democracy in the late 20 th century. T F Mexico enjoyed greater stability in 20 th century than other Latin American countries. T F Latin America quickly industrialized after ww2 and became more prosperous than ever. T F South American countries waged civil wars along ethnic lines in the 20 th century. T F Mexico & Argentina developed egalitarian societies in the 20 th century but not Nicaragua. T F All three countries were governed by military dictators during the 20 th century. T F All three countries won their independence from Spain in the 19 th century. 43. What gains did women make in Latin America after World War II? (886-887) 44. To what extent did Latin American countries successfully close the gap between the rich and the poor and create more broadly based prosperity like that seen in western nations? (887)
45. What obstacles did Latin American countries face in their economic development? (887) 46. Complete the following chart detailing what types of people rose to leadership in the myriad nationalist and anti-colonialist movements that arose throughout the world after WWII.* Jawaharlal Nehru (India) Background: Accomplishments: Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana) Background: Accomplishments: Ali Bhutto (Pakistan) Background: Accomplishments: Jomo Kenyatta (Kenya) Background: Accomplishments: Nelson Mandela (S. Africa) Background: Accomplishments: Suharto (Indonesia) Back ground: Accomplishments: Daniel Ortega (Nicaragua) Background: Accomplishments: Fidel Castro (Cuba) Background: Accomplishments:
Part Five, Globalization Chapter 38 1. Define globalization and free trade. (896) 2. Identify GATT and WTO. (896) 3. What competitive advantage do global corporations have over multinational corporations? (897) 4. Why did people protest the visit of President Jiang Zemin to the United States in 1997? 5. What positive change had occurred in China by the year 2007? What problems remained? 6. How did some proponents of human rights argue was the best way to improve them in China? 7. List the major technological advances of the late 20 th century. 8. What changes helped create a new post-industrial economy in many western countries? 9. How did these post-industrial economies re-shape the world economy? (i.e. cause globalization)
10. Identify EEC and NAFTA. How did they relate to GATT and the WTO? NAME 11. Who were the winners and losers in globalization? 12. Summarize the arguments for and against globalization. 13. Identify OPEC.* What impact has globalization had on world politics? 14. Define sustainability. How has globalization affected the environment? 15. Summarize the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. What was it based on? 16. What continues to be the primary violation of human rights in the world today? 17. How did the status of women around the world begin to change in the 1970s? Why? 18. What part of the world has been most deeply impacted by AIDS? 19. What are the push-pull factors behind modern global migration trends?
20. Identify the most common migration patterns in the world today. 21. Give several examples U.S. cultural diffusion. What impact has this had on the world?