REVIEW OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION 1. What happens to electrons as they are transported along the electron transport chain? a) they lose energy b) the gain energy c) they are pumped into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes d) they combine with O2 and protons to form water 2. Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between a) two phosphate groups c) ribose and a phosphate group b) adenine and ribose d) adenine and a phosphate group 3. Glycolysis uses energy from two molecules of ATP but forms molecules of ATP. a) two b) three c) four d) eight 4. Which is produced in the aerobic breakdown of a glucose molecule? a) water b) oxygen c) light d) alcohol 5. An important molecule generated by both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation is a) ATP b) NADH c) CO2 d) NAD+ 6. The Net Number of ATP molecules made directly by glycolysis is a) 2 b) 6 c) 32 d) 38 7. Which of the following is Not a product of the Krebs cycle a) ATP b) ethyl alcohol c) CO2 d) none of the choices 8. By accepting electrons, the oxygen used in aerobic respiration turns into a) CO2 b) H2O c) C6H12O6 d) ATP 9. The term "aerobic" in aerobic processes means the process requires a) ATP b) oxygen c) carbon monoxide d) lactic acid 10. The anaerobic process of splitting glucose and forming two molecules of pyruvic acid is called a) fixation b) fermentation c) lactic acid d) glycolysis 11. The process by which food molecules are broken down to release energy is called a) fermentation b) cell respiration c) transpiration d) digestion 12. The two end products of alcoholic fermentation are a) ethyl alcohol and pyruvic acid c) carbon dioxide and glucose b) ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide d) pyruvic acid and glucose 13. Lactic acid fermentation forms lactic acid from a) carbon dioxide b) pyruvic acid c) sodium hydroxide d) citric acid 14. The anaerobic pathways provide enough energy to meet all of the energy needs of a) all organisms c) all unicellular and most multicellular organisms b) no organisms d) many unicellular and some multicellular organisms
15. Glycolysis takes place a) in the cytoplasm c) only if oxygen is present b) in the mitochondria d) only if oxygen is absent 16. The process of glycolysis and anaerobic pathways is called a) aerobic respiration b) fermentation c) glycolysis d) cytosol 17. The location of electron transport chain in prokaryotes a) cytosol b) mitochondria c) nucleus d) cell membrane 18. Yeast produce alcohol and CO2 in the process of a) lactic acid fermentation c) alcoholic fermentation b) aerobic respiration d) glycolysis 19. What is the process by which glucose is converted to pyruvic acid a) electron transport b) aerobic respiration c) glycolysis d) photosynthesis 20. During glycolysis, glucose is a) produced from two molecules of pyruvic acid b) converted into two molecules of ATP c) partially broken down and some of its stored energy is released d) partially broken down and its stored energy is increased 21. The electron transport chain of aerobic respiration a) generates O2 from H2O b) produces CO2 c) pumps electrons into the mitochondrial matrix d) pumps protons into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes 22. In cellular respiration, the most energy is transferred in which step? a) glycolysis b) electron transport chain c) Krebs cycle d) fermentation 23. What is the Krebs cycle? a) the second phase of anaerobic respiration b) the first phase of aerobic respiration c) the second phase of aerobic respiration d) the third phase of anaerobic respiration 24. The conversion of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is called a) lactic acid fermentation b) alcoholic fermentation c) gasohol conversion d) glycolysis 25. The release of energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen is called a) lactic acid fermentation c) aerobic respiration b) alcoholic fermentation d) anaerobic respiration 26. In alcoholic fermentation, ethyl alcohol is produced from a) water b) oxygen c) lactic acid d) pyruvic acid 27. A reactant in glycolysis is a) ethyl alcohol b) glucose c) pyruvic acid d) lactic acid 28. The Krebs cycle a) breaks down a two-carbon molecule into two molecules of CO2 b) produces a six-carbon molecule from six molecules of CO2 c) produces NAD+ from NADH and H+ d) generates most of the ATP produced in aerobic respiration
29. The breakdown of organic compounds to produce ATP is known as a) cellular respiration c) alcoholic fermentation b) lactic acid fermentation d) photosynthesis 30. Glycolysis begins with glucose and produces a) PGAL b) lactic acid c) acetyl CoA d) pyruvic acid 31. The starting substance of the Krebs cycle, which is regenerated at the end of the cycle, is a) acetyl CoA b) pyruvic acid c) oxaloacetic acid d) citric acid 32. Processes that occur in the absence of oxygen are said to be a) aerobic b) acidic c) mitochondria d) anaerobic 33. The breakdown of pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen is called a) glycolysis b) fermentation c) aerobic respiration d) anaerobic respiration 34. The first pathway of cellular respiration is called a) fermentation b) aerobic respiration c) glycolysis d) anaerobic respiration 35. Which of the following is a unit of energy? a) kilocalorie b) cytosol c) glycolysis d) NAD+ 36. The breakdown product of glucose that diffuses into the mitochondrial matrix for further breakdown is a) acetyl CoA b) pyruvic acid c) oxaloacetic acid d) citric acid 37. Cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen is called a) fermentation b) anaerobic respiration c) glycolysis d) aerobic respiration 38. In the presence of oxygen molecules of ATP can be formed. a) 2 b) 19 c) 32 d) 63 39. ATP stores energy in a) ADP b) adenine c) phosphate-phosphate bonds d) ribose 40. An end product of alcoholic fermentation is a) glucose b) oxygen c) carbon dioxide d) lactic acid 41. Aerobic processes require in order to take place. a) sunlight b) water c) oxygen d) carbon dioxide 42. ATP molecules produced during aerobic cellular respiration a) remain in the mitochondria in which they are formed b) are stored in chlorolplasts of the same cell in which they are formed c) enter the cell's cytoplasm through membranes of the mitochondria in which they are formed d) are distrubuted by the bloodstream to all cells in the body 43. Cellular respiration takes place in two stages: a) glycolysis and fermentation c) Stage 1 and Stage 2 of photosynthesis b) glycolysis, then oxidative respiration d) oxidative respiration, then reproductive respiration 44. When glycolysis occurs, a) a molecule of glucose is split c) some ATP is formed b) two molecules of pyruvate are made d) All of the above
45. The process by which glucose is converted to pyruvic acid is called 46. The conversion of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and ethanol is called. 47. The release of energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen is called. 48. The first biochemical pathway of cellular respiration is called 49. The breakdown of pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen is called. 49. What is the unit of energy for food? 50. Glucose molecules are converted into molecules in the process of glycolysis. 51. The breakdown of organic compounds to produce ATP is known as. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP 52. The process shown in the equation above begins in the cytoplasm of a cell and ends in the a. cytoplasm. b. endoplasmic reticulum. c. mitochondria. d. lysosome. 53. The equation above summarizes the process known as a. photosynthesis. b. cellular respiration. c. fermentation. d. protein breakdown. 54. Answer the following questions below. Use the constants and the formulas from the peanut lab to answer the questions. A student took one peanut from a 50g bag of peanuts. She measures the peanut s mass at.66g. Using 100 g of water in her soda can calorimeter, she decided to determine the heat content of this peanut. As she was burning the nut, she recorded a low temperature of 25 o C and a high temperature of 50 o C. She recorded the final mass of the burnt nut as.12g. You should provide answer to each of the following four questions: How many Joules per peanut? How many calories per peanut? How many Calories per peanut? How many fat calories per bag of peanuts? 55. How does aerobic respiration ultimately depend on photosynthesis?
56. What condition must exist in a cell for the cell to engage in fermentation? 57. Glycolysis yields four ATP molecules, but the net yield is only two ATP molecules. Explain this discrepancy. 58. Under what conditions would cells in your body undergo lactic-acid fermentation? 59. In order for pyruvic acid to be used for the production of ATP, oxygen must be present. What happens to pyruvic acid following glycolysis if oxygen is not available to a cell?