Alabama Course of Study: Mathematics (Grades 9-12) NUMBER AND OPERATIONS 1. Simplify numerical expressions using properties of real numbers and order of operations, including those involving square roots, radical form, or decimal approximations. Applying laws of exponents to simplify expressions, including those containing zero and negative integral exponents SE/TE: 1-2: Exponents and Order of Operations, 9-15; 1-4: Adding Real Numbers, 24-30; 1-5: Subtracting Real Numbers: 32-36; 1-6: Multiplying and Dividing Real Numbers, 37-44; 1-7: The Distributive Property, 47-53; 8-1: Zero and Negative Exponents, 394-399; 8-2: Scientific Notation, 400-404; 8-3: Multiplication Properties of Exponents, 405-410; 8-4: More Properties of Exponents, 411-415; 8-5: Division Properties of Exponents, 417-423 1-2, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 10-3, 11-1, 11-4 textbook sections 1-2, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 10-3, 11-1, 11-4 SE/TE: 1-2: Exponents and Order of Operations, 9-15; 1-4: Adding Real Numbers, 24-30; 1-5: Subtracting Real Numbers: 32-36; 1-6: Multiplying and Dividing Real Numbers, 37-44; 1-7: The Distributive Property, 47-53; 8-1: Zero and Negative Exponents, 394-399; 8-2: Scientific Notation, 400-404; 8-3: Multiplication Properties of Exponents, 405-410 1
Applying laws of exponents to simplify expressions, including those containing zero and negative integral exponents SE/TE: 8-4: More Properties of Exponents, 411-415; 8-5: Division Properties of Exponents, 417-423 8-1, 8-3, 8-4, 8-5 textbook sections 8-1, 8-3, 8-4, 8-5 ALGEBRA 2. Analyze linear functions from their equations, slopes, and intercepts. SE/TE: 5-1: Relating Graphs to Events, 236-240; 5-2: Relations and Functions, 241-245; 5-3: Function Rules, Tables, and Graphs, 247-252; 5-4: Writing a Function Rule, 254-259; 5-5: Direct Variation, 261-266; 5-6: Describing Number Patterns, 268-273; 6-1: Rate of Change and Slope, 282-290; 6-2: Slope- Intercept Form, 291-297; 6-3: Standard Form, 298-302; 6-4: Point-Slope Form and Writing Linear Equations, 304-309; 6-5: Parallel and Perpendicular Lines, 311-317 Transparencies 2
2. Analyze linear functions from their equations, slopes, and intercepts. Finding the slope of a line from its equation or by applying the slope formula (l) Student Edition Answers on Transparencies, (m) Test Prep Workbook, (n) Skills and Concept Review, (o) Hands-on 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5 textbook sections 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5 SE/TE: 5-1: Relating Graphs to Events, 236-240; 5-2: Relations and Functions, 241-245; 5-3: Function Rules, Tables, and Graphs, 247-252; 5-4: Writing a Function Rule, 254-259; 5-5: Direct Variation, 261-266; 5-6: Describing Number Patterns, 268-273; 6-1: Rate of Change and Slope, 282-290; 6-2: Slope- Intercept Form, 291-297; 6-3: Standard Form, 298-302; 6-4: Point-Slope Form and Writing Linear Equations, 304-309; 6-5: Parallel and Perpendicular Lines, 311-317 6-1, 6-2, 6-4, 6-5 Math Lessons and Tools (CD-ROM) 3
Finding the slope of a line from its equation or by applying the slope formula Determining the equations of linear functions given two points, a point and the slope, tables of values, graphs, or ordered pairs Graphing two-variable linear equations and inequalities on the Cartesian plane TECH: textbook sections 6-1, 6-2, 6-4, 6-5 SE/TE: 5-1: Relating Graphs to Events, 236-240; 5-2: Relations and Functions, 241-245; 5-3: Function Rules, Tables, and Graphs, 247-252; 5-4: Writing a Function Rule, 254-259; 5-5: Direct Variation, 261-266; 5-6: Describing Number Patterns, 268-273; 6-1: Rate of Change and Slope, 282-290; 6-2: Slope- Intercept Form, 291-297; 6-3: Standard Form, 298-302; 6-4: Point-Slope Form and Writing Linear Equations, 304-309; 6-5: Parallel and Perpendicular Lines, 311-317 5-4, 5-5, 6-2-, 6-4, 6-5 textbook sections 5-4, 5-5, 6-2-, 6-4, 6-5 SE/TE: 5-1: Relating Graphs to Events, 236-240; 5-2: Relations and Functions, 241-245; 5-3: Function Rules, Tables, and Graphs, 247-252; 5-4: Writing a Function Rule, 254-259; 5-5: Direct Variation, 261-266; 5-6: Describing Number Patterns, 268-273; 6-1: Rate of Change and Slope, 282-290; 6-2: Slope- Intercept Form, 291-297 4
Graphing two-variable linear equations and inequalities on the Cartesian plane 3. Determine characteristics of a relation, including its domain, range, and whether it is a function, when given graphs, tables of values, mappings, or sets of ordered pairs. SE/TE: 6-3: Standard Form, 298-302; 6-4: Point- Slope Form and Writing Linear Equations, 304-309; 6-5: Parallel and Perpendicular Lines, 311-317 1-9 (preparation), 5-3, 6-2, 6-4, 7-5 textbook sections 1-9 (preparation), 5-3, 6-2, 6-4, 7-5 SE/TE: 5-2: Relations and Functions, 241-245; 5-3: Function Rules, Tables, and Graphs, 247-252; 5-4: Writing a Function Rule, 254-259; 5-6: Describing Number Patterns, 268-273 5-2 5
3. Determine characteristics of a relation, including its domain, range, and whether it is a function, when given graphs, tables of values, mappings, or sets of ordered pairs. Finding the range of a function when given its domain 4. Represent graphically common relations including x = constant, y = constant, y = x, y = x, y = x 2, and y = x. textbook sections 5-2 SE/TE: 5-2: Relations and Functions, 241-245; 5-3: Function Rules, Tables, and Graphs, 247-252; 5-4: Writing a Function Rule, 254-259; 5-6: Describing Number Patterns, 268-273 5-2 textbook sections 5-2 SE/TE: 5-2: Relations and Functions, 241-245; 5-3: Function Rules, Tables, and Graphs, 247-252; 5-4: Writing a Function Rule, 254-259 Quiz Transparencies 6
4. Represent graphically common relations including x = constant, y = constant, y = x, y = x, y = x 2, and y = x. Identifying situations that are modeled by common relations, including y = x, y = x, y = x 2, and y = x (k) Problem of the Day Transparencies, (l) Student Edition Answers on Transparencies, (m) Test Prep Workbook, (n) Skills and Concept Review, (o) Hands-on Activities, (p) Assessment Resources (q) Multilingual Handbook (r) Reading and Math Literacy Masters, (s) Guided Problem Solving Masters] which accompany textbook sections 1-9 (preparation), 5-3, 6-3, 6-7, 11-6 textbook sections 1-9 (preparation), 5-3, 6-3, 6-7, 11-6 SE/TE: 5-2: Relations and Functions, 241-245; 5-3: Function Rules, Tables, and Graphs, 247-252; 5-4: Writing a Function Rule, 254-259 5-1 (preparation), 5-4 textbook sections 5-1 (preparation), 5-4 7
5. Perform operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication on polynomial expressions. SE/TE: 9-1: Adding and Subtracting Polynomials, 456-461; 9-2: Multiplying and Factoring, 462-466; 9-3: Multiplying Binomials, 467-472; 9-4: Multiplying Special Cases, 474-480 9-1, 9-2, 9-3, 9-4 textbook sections 9-1, 9-2, 9-3, 9-4 Dividing by a monomial SE/TE: 9-1: Adding and Subtracting Polynomials, 456-461; 9-2: Multiplying and Factoring, 462-466; 9-3: Multiplying Binomials, 467-472; 9-4: Multiplying Special Cases, 474-480 12-5 8
Dividing by a monomial 6. Factor binomials, trinomials, and other polynomials using GCF, difference of squares, perfect square trinomials, and grouping. 7. Solve multistep equations and inequalities including linear, radical, absolute value, and literal equations. textbook sections 12-5 SE/TE: 9-5: Factoring Trinomials of the Type x 2 + bx + c; 9-6: Factoring Trinomials of the Type ax 2 + bx + c; 9-7: Factoring Special Cases, 490-494; 9-8: Factoring by Grouping, 496-501 9-5, 9-6, 9-7, 9-8 textbook sections 9-5, 9-6, 9-7, 9-8 SE/TE: 2-2: Solving Two-Step Equations, 81-86; 2-3: Solving Multi-Step Equations, 88-93; 2-4: Equations With Variables on Both Sides, 96-101; 2-5: Equations and Problem Solving, 103-110; 3-4: Solving Multi-Step Inequalities, 153-159; 3-6: Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities, 167-172; 4-3: Proportions and Percent Equations, 197-202; 6-7: Graphing Absolute Value Equations, 325-329; 11-5: Solving Radical Equations, 607-612; 12-7: Solving Rational Equations, 672-677 9
7. Solve multistep equations and inequalities including linear, radical, absolute value, and literal equations. 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 11-5, 12-7 textbook sections 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 11-5, 12-7 Writing the solution of an equation or inequality in set notation Graphing the solution of an equation or inequality SE/TE: 2-2: Solving Two-Step Equations, 81-86; 2-3: Solving Multi-Step Equations, 88-93; 2-4: Equations With Variables on Both Sides, 96-101; 2-5: Equations and Problem Solving, 103-110; 3-4: Solving Multi-Step Inequalities, 153-159; 3-6: Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities, 167-172; 4-3: Proportions and Percent Equations, 197-202; 6-7: Graphing Absolute Value Equations, 325-329; 11-5: Solving Radical Equations, 607-612; 12-7: Solving Rational Equations, 672-677 Transparencies 10
Graphing the solution of an equation or inequality Modeling real-world problems by developing and solving equations and inequalities, including those involving direct and inverse variation (l) Student Edition Answers on Transparencies, (m) Test Prep Workbook, (n) Skills and Concept Review, (o) Hands-on 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6 textbook sections 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6 SE/TE: 2-2: Solving Two-Step Equations, 81-86; 2-3: Solving Multi-Step Equations, 88-93; 2-4: Equations With Variables on Both Sides, 96-101; 2-5: Equations and Problem Solving, 103-110; 3-4: Solving Multi-Step Inequalities, 153-159; 3-6: Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities, 167-172; 4-3: Proportions and Percent Equations, 197-202; 6-7: Graphing Absolute Value Equations, 325-329; 11-5: Solving Radical Equations, 607-612; 12-7: Solving Rational Equations, 672-677 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 5-4, 5-5, 8-7, 8-8, 11-5, 12-1, 12-7 Planning Express (CD-ROM) 11
Modeling real-world problems by developing and solving equations and inequalities, including those involving direct and inverse variation 8. Solve systems of linear equations and inequalities in two variables graphically or algebraically. Modeling real-world problems by developing and solving systems of linear equations and inequalities TECH: Interactive Math Lessons and Tools (CD- ROM), Technology Activities, Instructional Video Package, I-Text (instant self-check quizzes online and on CD-ROM)] which accompany textbook sections 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 5-4, 5-5, 8-7, 8-8, 11-5, 12-1, 12-7 SE/TE: 7-1: Solving Systems by Graphing, 340-346; 7-2: Solving Systems Using Subtraction, 347-351; 7-3: Solving Systems Using Elimination, 353-361; 7-4: Applications of Linear Systems, 362-368; 7-5: Linear Inequalities, 370-375; 7-6: Systems of Linear Inequalities, 377-384 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 7-4, 7-6 textbook sections 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 7-4, 7-6 SE/TE: 7-1: Solving Systems by Graphing, 340-346; 7-2: Solving Systems Using Subtraction, 347-351; 7-3: Solving Systems Using Elimination, 353-361; 7-4: Applications of Linear Systems, 362-368; 7-5: Linear Inequalities, 370-375; 7-6: Systems of Linear Inequalities, 377-384 Projects, (g) Chapter Tests 12
Modeling real-world problems by developing and solving systems of linear equations and inequalities (h) Cumulative Assessment, (i) Classroom Aid Transparencies (j) Daily Skills and Lesson Quiz Transparencies, (k) Problem of the Day Transparencies, (l) Student Edition Answers on Transparencies, (m) Test Prep Workbook, (n) Skills and Concept Review, (o) Hands-on Activities, (p) Assessment Resources (q) Multilingual Handbook (r) Reading and Math Literacy Masters, (s) Guided Problem Solving Masters] which accompany textbook sections 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 7-4, 7-6 textbook sections 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 7-4, 7-6 13
9. Solve quadratic equations using the zero product property. 9. Solve quadratic equations using the zero product property. SE/TE: 10-4: Solving Quadratic Equations, 529-533; 10-5: Factoring to Solve Quadratic Equations, 536-534; 10-6: Completing the Square, 541-546; 10-7: Using the Quadratic Formula, 547-552; 10-8: Using the Discriminant, 554-558; 10-9: Choosing a Model, 559-566 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 (preparation), 10-5 Package, I-Text TECH: (instant self-check quizzes online and on CD- ROM)] which accompany textbook sections 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 (preparation), 10-5 14
Approximating solutions graphically and numerically SE/TE: 10-4: Solving Quadratic Equations, 529-533; 10-5: Factoring to Solve Quadratic Equations, 536-534; 10-6: Completing the Square, 541-546; 10-7: Using the Quadratic Formula, 547-552; 10-8: Using the Discriminant, 554-558; 10-9: Choosing a Model, 559-566 10-4 textbook sections 10-4 GEOMETRY 10. Calculate length, midpoint, and slope of a line segment when given coordinates of its endpoints on the Cartesian plane. SE/TE: 6-1: Rate of Change and Slope, 282-290; 6-2: Slope-Intercept Form, 291-297; 6-3: Standard Form, 298-302; 6-4: Point-Slope Form and Writing Linear Equations, 304-309; 6-5: Parallel and Perpendicular Lines, 311-317 Quiz Transparencies 15
10. Calculate length, midpoint, and slope of a line segment when given coordinates of its endpoints on the Cartesian plane. Deriving the distance, midpoint, and slope formulas. (k) Problem of the Day Transparencies, (l) Student Edition Answers on Transparencies, (m) Test Prep Workbook, (n) Skills and Concept Review, (o) Hands-on Activities, (p) Assessment Resources (q) Multilingual Handbook (r) Reading and Math Literacy Masters, (s) Guided Problem Solving Masters] which accompany textbook sections 6-1, 11-3 textbook sections 6-1, 11-3 SE/TE: 6-1: Rate of Change and Slope, 282-290; 6-2: Slope-Intercept Form, 291-297; 6-3: Standard Form, 298-302; 6-4: Point-Slope Form and Writing Linear Equations, 304-309; 6-5: Parallel and Perpendicular Lines, 311-317 6-1, 11-3 textbook sections 6-1, 11-3 16
MEASUREMENT 11. Solve problems algebraically that involve area and perimeter of a polygon, area and circumference of a circle, and volume and surface area of right circular cylinders or right rectangular prisms. SE/TE: Geometry: 9, 14, 15, 51, 63, 70, 75, 79, 85, 92, 97, 98, 100, 103, 108, 109, 111, 114, 126, 144, 156, 158, 165, 166, 179, 190, 193, 194, 215, 250, 251, 265, 288, 296, 302, 316, 322, 349, 350, 366, 367, 375, 382, 388, 408, 409, 414, 428, 459, 460, 464, 468, 470, 471, 477, 491, 494, 500, 504, 505, 506, 515, 532, 533, 535, 538, 539, 545, 551, 571, 572, 589, 593, 594, 595, 596, 604, 610, 632, 640, 660, 663, 665, 690, 699 1-2, 2-5, 2-6, 9-3, 9-7, 9-8, 10-4, 10-6 textbook sections 1-2, 2-5, 2-6, 9-3, 9-7, 9-8, 10-4, 10-6 Applying formulas to solve word problems. SE/TE: See exercises on: 9, 14, 15, 51, 63, 70, 75, 79, 85, 92, 97, 98, 100, 103, 108, 109, 111, 114, 126, 144, 156, 158, 165, 166, 179, 190, 193, 194, 215, 250, 251, 265, 288, 296, 302, 316, 322, 349, 350, 366, 367, 375, 382, 388, 408, 409, 414, 428, 459, 460, 464, 468, 470, 471, 477, 491, 494, 500, 504, 505, 506, 515, 532, 533, 535, 538, 539, 545, 551, 571, 572, 589, 593, 594, 595, 596, 604, 610, 632, 640, 660, 663, 665, 690, 699 17
DATA ANALYSIS AND PROBABILITY 12. Compare various methods of data reporting, including scatterplots, stem-and-leaf plots, histograms, box-and-whisker plots, and line graphs, to make inferences or predictions. Determining the effects of linear transformations of data. SE/TE: 1-9: Graphing Data on the Coordinate Plane, 59-64; 2-7: Using Measures of Central Tendency, 118-123; 5-1: Relating Graphs to Events, 236-240; 5-5: Direct Variation, 261-266; 6-6: Scatter Plots and Equations of Lines, 318-323 2-7, 5-1, 6-6 textbook sections 2-7, 5-1, 6-6 SE/TE: 1-9: Graphing Data on the Coordinate Plane, 59-64; 2-7: Using Measures of Central Tendency, 118-123; 5-1: Relating Graphs to Events, 236-240; 5-5: Direct Variation, 261-266; 6-6: Scatter Plots and Equations of Lines, 318-323 Activities, (p) Assessment Resources 18
Determining the effects of linear transformations of data. (q) Multilingual Handbook (r) Reading and Math Literacy Masters, (s) Guided Problem Solving Masters] which accompany textbook sections 6-6 textbook sections 6-6 Determining effects of outliers SE/TE: 1-9: Graphing Data on the Coordinate Plane, 59-64; 2-7: Using Measures of Central Tendency, 118-123; 5-1: Relating Graphs to Events, 236-240; 5-5: Direct Variation, 261-266; 6-6: Scatter Plots and Equations of Lines, 318-323 2-7 textbook sections 2-7 Evaluating the appropriateness of the design of a survey SE/TE: 225, 745 19
13. Identify characteristics of a data set, including measurement or categorical and univariate or bivariate. 14. Use a scatterplot and its line of best fit or a specific line graph to determine the relationship existing between two sets of data, including positive, negative, or no relationship. SE/TE: 1-9: Graphing Data on the Coordinate Plane, 59-64; 2-7: Using Measures of Central Tendency, 118-123; 5-1: Relating Graphs to Events, 236-240 2-7, 6-6 textbook sections 2-7, 6-6 SE/TE: 1-9: Graphing Data on the Coordinate Plane, 59-64; 6-6: Scatter Plots and Equations of Lines, 318-323 1-9, 6-6 Generator (CD-ROM) 20
14. Use a scatterplot and its line of best fit or a specific line graph to determine the relationship existing between two sets of data, including positive, negative, or no relationship. TECH: Resource Pro with Planning Express (CD- ROM), Interactive Math Lessons and Tools (CD-ROM), Technology Activities, Instructional Video Package, I-Text (instant self-check quizzes online and on CD-ROM)] which accompany textbook sections 1-9, 6-6 15. Estimate probabilities given data in lists or graphs. SE/TE: 4-5: Applying Ratios to Probability, 211-215; 4-6: Probability of Compound Events, 219-224; Real-World Snapshots: Applying Probability, 232-233 4-5 textbook sections 4-5 Comparing theoretical and experimental probabilities SE/TE: 4-5: Applying Ratios to Probability, 211-215; 4-6: Probability of Compound Events, 219-224; Real-World Snapshots: Applying Probability, 232-233 on Transparencies, (m) Test Prep Workbook 21
Comparing theoretical and experimental probabilities 4-5 textbook sections 4-5 22