Power Solutions with Biomass & Biogas CHP (Combined Heat and Power) Bioenergy 2008 Conference June 19 th 2008, Athenry
Presentation Outline Introduction to F4energy Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Explained Background to the Irish Power Prices & Market Drivers Biomass to Fuel Conversion Options CHP Generation Technologies using Biomass/Biogas Fuel Biogas Combined Heat and Power Example Biomass Combined Heat and Power Example Questions
About F4energy F4energy was founded in late 2001 by former ESB and Siemens professionals to provide Combined Heat and Power (CHP) solutions in the Irish market. Comprehensive Feasibility Assessment, Design, Installation and Maintenance Crew. F4energy currently operates ~ 55 CHP plants in Ireland District Heating, Shopping Centres, Industry, Hospitals, Hotels, Office Blocks, Universities, Local Government
What is Combined Heat and Power (CHP)? - Generation of Power & Heat from Single Fuel Input -
(Micro) Turbine CHP Unit
Reciprocating Engine CHP Unit
Background to the Irish Power Prices Rising National Demand and Security of National Grid Supply Eirgrid s Generation Adequacy Report for 2008-2014: shortfall of 500MW over next five years with an estimated 2.6% p.a. growth in national demand. Ireland s reliance on imported fuels for Energy (gas/oil/coal) The upward shift in world energy prices will be fully passed on to Irish consumers due to Ireland s >90% energy import dependency. Rising Energy Prices Ireland s electricity prices have increased by over 50% since 2002 for commercial customers. Regulatory Drivers EU Directive 2002/91/EC effective 2006 for buildings over 1000m2 Energy Tax/Carbon reduction incentives inevitable CAPITAL GRANT AID SCHEME (www.sei.ie/chpgrants) 30% Capital Grant Aid for Biomass CHP Capital & Installation Costs
Input Fuel Costs are the Main Driver of Irish Electricity Prices Oil $/barrel 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Jan-04 2004 Electricity + 4.4% Apr-04 Jul-04 International Fuel Costs & Irish Pow er Prices Oct-04 2005 Electricity + 5.5% Jan-05 Apr-05 Jul-05 Oct-05 2006 Electricity + 16% Jan-06 Apr-06 Jul-06 Oct-06 Jan-07 2007 Electricity + 20% Apr-07 Jul-07 Oct-07 Jan-08 Apr-08 > 90% of all national grid power in Ireland is generated with imported fuel
Biomass to Fuel Conversion Thermal Conversion Options: Using Heat for Combustion or Gassification Power Generation: Biomass Steam Boiler + Turbine or Biomass Gassifier + Reciprocating Engine/Stirling Engine Chemical/Biochemical Conversion Options: Transesterification of Oils into Biodiesel Power Generation: Biodiesel refining + Recip Engine Anaerobic Digestion Power Generation: Anaerobic Digester + Recip Engine
CHP Technologies using Biomass/Biogas CHP Technology Steam Boiler & Steam Turbine Power Output Range >1MWe Fuel Input Range >3MW Fuel Type Biomass (wood) Electrical Efficiency 15% - 30% Recip Engine & Gassifier 100kWe 1MWe 500kW 4MW Biomass (wood) 20% - 27% Organic Rankine Cycle 100kWe 2MWe 1MW 12MW Biomass (wood) 10% - 25% Stirling Engine 1kWe - 100kWe 21kW - 400kW Biomass (wood) 5% - 25% Anaerobic Digester & Recip Engine 50kWe 2MWe 160kW 5MW Biogas (manure, food waste, crops etc) 30% - 40%
Steam Boiler & Steam Turbine
Gassifier & Reciprocating Engine
Organic Rankine Cycle
Stirling Engine Expansion Volume
Anaerobic Digester & Recip Engine
Biogas CHP Example Total Land Requirement in this Example: 450 acres/185 hectares
Biogas CHP Example
Biogas CHP Example CHP SIZING 1,205,000 m3 per annum Biogas Production @ 55% Methane = 662,750m3 per annum @ 10kWh per m3 = 6,627,500 kwh Gas Input @ 35% Electrical Efficiency = 2319625 kwh elec @ 8,000 operating hours = ~ CHP Plant with 290 kw electrical output 410 kw thermal output
AD in construction
AD in construction
AD in construction
AD in operation
Biogas CHP Plant
Overview of Biogas CHP Economics Example of 300kWe CHP Plant and AD: Net Capital Investment Cost: ~ 1,800,000 Less 30% Grant = ~ 1.26 m Net Annual Energy Revenue: ~ 250,000 (@ 12 cent/kwh Biomass CHP tariff) 5 Year Payback Before Gate Fees ++++ Potential of Gate Fee Income & Additional Heat Sales
Biomass Gassifier & Recip Engine Example Example of 1MWe CHP Plant and Biomass Gassifier: Feed Stock: 3,880kW hourly (c. 881 kg wood input) (chip, sawdust, bark, off-cuts 40% moisture limit) Electrical Output: Thermal Output: On-site Manpower Reqd: 1,000kWe 2,100kWt 4 Hours Daily
Biomass Gassifier & Recip CHP CHP INPUTS/OUTPUTS 27,160 MWh Fuel Input (617 tonnes wood per yr) Will Produce: 14,700 MWh Heat Output per annum 7,000 MWh Electricity Output per annum @ 7,000 operating hours (assumed 4.4kWh per kg wood input)
Biomass Gassifier & CHP
Biomass Gassifier & CHP 8.5m High 24m Long
Overview of Biomass CHP Economics Example of 1MWe CHP Plant and Gassifier: Net Capital Investment Cost: ~ 3,000,000 Less 30% Grant = ~ 2,000,000 + Annual Elect Revenue : 840,000 (@ 12 cent/kwh Biomass CHP tariff) + Heat Revenue (75% sales??) 410,000 - Plant Maintenance Cost: (130,000) - Fuel Costs?? (815,000) (@ 3 cent/kwh wood cost) Net Annual Revenue ~ 315,000 Payback Period ~ 6 Years
CHP Technology Summary & References Technology Advantages Disadvantages Suppliers Steam Boiler & Steam Turbine Proven Tech. Robust Fuel Low Electrical Efficiency Primarily Large Scale Fingleton White, Solar Turbines, Turbomach Recip Engine & Gassifier Proven Generation Technology Scaleable Gassification technology still maturing On-site maintenance requirement Schmitt Enertec/F4energy Entimos, Biomass CHP Ltd, Waste to Energy Organic Rankine Cycle Robust Fuel Primarily Large Scale Turboden, Kohlbach, Talbotts Stirling Engine Proven Tech. Robust Fuel Low electrical efficiency High capital cost/kwe Stirling Denmark, kwb, CONNESS Anaerobic Digester & Recip Engine Proven Tech. High Electrical Efficiency Access to Feedstock Optimizing AD Output Schmitt Enertec/F4energy Pro2, Clarke Energy
Questions. Thank You. Aidan McDonnell Business Manager F4energy Ltd. Unit 14, Penrose Wharf Cork City Tel: 021 4861420 Fax: 021 4552628 www.f4energy.com