> BioEnergy Farm II < Train the Trainer Workshop 1. Overview Biogas & Micro Scale digestion (MSD) in Germany

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1 > BioEnergy Farm II < Manure, the sustainable fuel for the farm Train the Trainer Workshop 1 Overview Biogas & Micro Scale digestion (MSD) in Germany Dipl. Agar-biol. Michael Köttner, IBBK Fachgruppe Biogas GmbH Schwäbisch Hall, June 24 to 26,

2 Content: Status of the German Biogas Industry Historical development of Micro Scale Digestion Project Development for Micro Scale Digestion Outlook and further challenges for the biogas industry Biomethane injection to natural Gas grid

3 1. Status of the German Biogas Industry

4 Biogas Plants in Germany

5 Development in South Germany related to Micro Scale Biogas technology Region of Hohenlohe early development of Micro Scale Biogas plants on organic farms. Over 30 MSD plants in a radius of 50 km were developed until 1992 which made the region the fore rider in Europe From this early development of do-it-yourself building the German and the European Biogas Industry originated. Town of Kirchberg an der Jagst has 105% RE coverage in electricity Town has 3 biogas plants, 5 wind energy plants, 5 hydro power stations, many photovoltaic plants

6 Cumulated number of biogas plants Internationales

7 Biogas in Germany 2013: Amount: Installed eletrical capacity: Power production: Agricultural Area: Feed into the natural gas grid: Biogas filling stations: Employment places: ca Biogas Agricultural and Waste Plants Megawatt (~ 3,0 Gigawatt) 24,38 Mrd. Kilowatt hours = Electricity for 7,0 Mio. Households ca ha for Biogas 124 Biomethane feed in stations (132 Mio. m³/a) 100 with 100%, 288 with 10 to 50% biomethane Prospect 2014: No change of Status!!!

8 Biogas Sector Statistics at a Glance Source: Fachverband Biogas e.v. Internationales Number of biogas plants (of these feeding biomethane) (77) 7515 (109) 7772 (124) Installed electric power in MW Net electricity production in MWh per annum 19,09 Mio. 22,84 Mio. 24,38 Mio. Homes supplied with biogas-based electricity 5,5 Mio. 6,5 Mio. 7,0 Mio. Proportion of electricity consumption in % 3,17 3,85 4,10 Turnover in Germany in 8,3 Billion 7,3 Billion 6,9 Billion Jobs Export rate in %

9 Reasons for Market Development Internationales High standards in technical development Different standadrized types of digesters and plant technologies Consolidation of Special Fermentation Technologies Automatisation of system control and operation Enabling environment & economic incentives Fixed Feed in Tarrifs guaranteed for 20 Years, Energy Crop Bonus Regulated grid access at reasonable cost

10 German Industry activities since 2012 New plants: 340 in 2012 and 195 in 2013 realized Estimation 2014: less than 100 plants with 40 MW Down from over 1200 plants in 2011: Over 90 % market depression Mainly < 75 kw about 150 Also refittings and plant extensions EEG 2009

11 German Feed in Tariff for Electricity from Biogas from Performance Group Basic Compensation Feedstock Compensation Group I Feedstock Compensation Group II Compensation for Biowaste Digestion Bonus for Gas Upgrading 75 kw 25 ct/kwh 150 kw 14,3 ct/kwh 6,0 ct/kwh 8,0 ct/kwh 16 ct/kwh 500 kw 12,3 ct/kwh 6,0 ct/kwh 8,0 ct/kwh 16 ct/kwh 750 kw 11,0 ct/kwh 5,0 / 2,5 ct/kwh 8,0 / 6,0 ct/kwh 14 ct/kwh kw 11,0 ct/kwh 4,0 / 2,5 ct/kwh 8,0 / 6,0 ct/kwh 14 ct/kwh 3 ct/kwh until 700 Nm³/h 2 ct/kwh until 1000 Nm³/h 1 ct/kwh until 1400 Nm³/h Capacity of biogas upgrading equipment kw 6,0 ct/kwh 0,0 ct/kwh 0,0 ct/kwh 14 ct/kwh Min. 80% own slurry/ manure Not cumulative Installed power 75 kw Min. 60% heat use obligation Max. 60% maize silage Min. 60% slurry no heat use obligation Only for bark or wood rest Amemdments 2014??!! Only for solid manure Min. 90% Biowaste + Composting of digestate Not cumulative Power 5 MW CH 4 emission 0,2 % Power consumption 0,5 kwh No fossile energy Capacity 1400 Nm³/h

12 2. Historical developement of Micro Scale Digestion

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38 3. Project Development for Micro Scale Digestion

39 Micro Scale Biogas Project Realisation Do It Yourself Building? Turn-Key Building? Electricity Company Financing Approval Earth Works Concrete Works / Foundation Works Tanks and Containers CHP - Building

40 Micro Scale Biogas Project Realisation Slurry and Gas Piping Technique Gas Storage Step by Step Commissioning TÜV - Approval

41 Micro-scale biogas plants: past and present Modifying existing tanks Permission Tank construction Equipment Initially Possible with constraints, due to not gas tight tanks Simple, fewer or unclear requirements, approval as machinery and equipment shed Standard slurry tank; concrete quality unclear; little concrete protection Galvanised steel and KG pipes=> short lifetime, used parts, highly prone to defects Today Difficult because double walled construction is necessary High requirements, which can only be indirectly verified by environmental auditors; EEG conformity Highly defined concrete quality; limitation of crack widths, concrete protection through liners; double walling or catchment area by drain liners High quality stainless steel in case of acid and gas exposed areas. Highest material requirements, since maximum performance is required

42 Micro-scale biogas plants: past and present Plant size CHP Costs Initially 7 to 30 kw integrated farm plants for fertilizer production; Operating time < 5000 h/a Do-it-yourself units based on second-hand car engines < 500 /kw, low load factor, low efficiency < 25% Under 2000 /kw or 2000 DM/LU low requirements, mainly cheap building Today 75 to 150 kw farm plants as a business branch; Operating time > 8000 h/a for electr. production Standard units based on industrial engines > 1000 /kw; high load factor, high efficiency > 35% 6000 to /kw high demand on profitability and quality Owner-builder Took a lot of time, more than 800 working hours invested, well informed on this subject, visited many different plants Little time left, speedy decisions and inaccurate design/planning; often only one manufacturer consulted

43 Micro-scale biogas plants: past and present Companies Financing Initially Small planning office, which assisted farmers by do-it-yourself; Farmers as owner-builders took the whole responsibility; any performance guarantee, only individual technology Own capital in agriculture was available; government subsidies; Banks financed more likely, due to well-earning agriculture Today Medium-sized companies offer turnkey plants with little possibility of personal contribution; both the client and the bank demand full guarantee; Takeover of individual building by farmers causes interfaces problems during the construction; strong service departments Banks are careful during the crisis, a few projects in recent years insolvent, less own capital, high indebtedness; no subsidies

44 Slurry Container as Basis Gasleitung Serviceschacht Zulauf Estrich Dämmung Betondecke Überlauf Tauchrührwerk Mittelstütze Heizung

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47 Biogas D&K Plant 47 Internationales Dipl.Agr.Bio.Michael International Biogas Köttner and Bioenergy

48 48 Dipl.Agr.Bio.Michael International Biogas Köttner and Bioenergy

49 49 Dipl.Agr.Bio.Michael International Biogas Köttner and Bioenergy

50 4. Outlook and further challenges for the biogas industry 5. Biomethane injection to natural Gas grid Possible for MSD plants?

51 Outlook / Future Challenges / EEG 2014 Micro Scale Digestion max. 75kW - 80% slurry/manure - No obligation for heat utilisation - At the moment several turnkey products are under development Source: - Utilisation of slurry/manure potential -Investment costs? - Only biogas plant option in future? Source: bio4gas

52 Future? Source: MT- Energie

53 Classical : District-Heating Biogas - Heat Not Possible with Micro Scale Digestion!!! District- Heat- Pipe

54 Alternative : Mikrogas Grid Not Possible with Micro Scale Digestion!!! Gas Pipe (pressure less) Satellite-CHP

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56 Biogas upgrading history Internationales 2006: First 2 upgrading plants in operation August 2011: 57 upgrading plants in operation June 2012: 87 upgrading plants in operation, 39 under construction Duration from start of planning to first injection to the grid: up to 36 months, in some cases even up to 60 months Upgrading technology: While in the beginning mainly water scrubber and pressure swing adsorption were applied, there is now a trend towards chemical / amine scrubber. Membrane technology is applied in smaller installations. No technological options for micro scale digestion commercially available up until now. 56

57 THANKS for your attention! Michael Köttner, CEO Internationales Biogas and IBBK