N EKSPLORATIEWE STUDIE NA DIE IDENTITEITSBEELD VAN N MENTOR



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N EKSPLORATIEWE STUDIE NA DIE IDENTITEITSBEELD VAN N MENTOR deur JOHANNA DOROTHEA CATHARINA FRASER ingedien as gedeeltelike vereiste vir die graad PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR MET SPESIALISERING IN VOLWASSENE EN GEMEENSKAPSONDERWYS EN OPLEIDING IN DIE FAKULTEIT OPVOEDKUNDE UNIVERSITEIT VAN PRETORIA Studieleier: Prof D M de Kock FEBRUARIE 2008 i

VERKLARING 'N EKSPLORATIEWE STUDIE NA DIE IDENTITEITSBEELD VAN 'N MENTOR my eie werk is en nie vantevore by hierdie of enige ander universiteit vir eksaminering ingedien is nie. Alle bronne wat geraadpleeg of aangehaal is, is erken in die bronnelys. Johanna D.C. Fraser Datum: ii

AN EXPLORATIVE STUDY OF THE IDENTITY OF A MENTOR TEACHER BY PROMOTER DEPARTMENT DEGREE Johanna Dorothea Catharina Fraser Prof D M de Kock Curriculum Studies PhD As in the case of many other local and overseas teacher-training institutions the Postgraduate Certificate of Education programme (PGCE) at the University of Pretoria is a model rich in experience. In this model 60% of the time is devoted to a school-based programme and 40% to the universitybased programme. The school-based programme is presented in association with schools. The student teacher is placed in a school for a period of seven weeks and assigned to a teacher who acts as the mentor teacher. The mentor teacher serves as a the link between teaching theory and subject content and also plays a major role in the contextualisation of the classroom learning experiences. The university prescribes various tasks: mentor teacher have to stimulate the inquiry skills and reflective practices of student teachers, manage meta-communication across situation and role, manage learning tasks and create a safe and challenging learning environment to the students. The mentor teacher should therefore not only be a subject specialist in his or her field of specialisation but should also create the opportunity for student teachers to maximise their potential. In this study the focus is on the experience of the teacher taking up the role of a mentor teacher. To fulfil the role of mentor teacher implies that an exchange of identity needs to take place from teacher identity to mentor teacher identity. This prompted the following research question: What is the identity image of a mentor teacher? With subsidiary questions as What are the identifying characteristics of a mentor? iii

What are the identifiable dynamic processes or stressful situations that have an impact on the identity formation of a mentor? The research could be identified as qualitative in the interpretative paradigm. Data were collected by means of open-ended questionnaires and in-depth interviews with selected mentor teachers and student teachers. The student teachers assigned to the selected mentors were automatically included in the study. The study was repeated for over a period of three terms, each term with two different teachers and student teachers. To analyse the data, Gee s (2000-2001) four perspectives of identity, namely nature-identity, institution-identity, discourse-identity and affinity-identity, were used as analytical framework. The results disclosed many indicators supportive of mentor-identity but no fixed mentor-identity emerged. However, the characteristics, functions and responsibilities of a successful mentor in this case study were identified. These characteristics, functions and responsibilities defining the identity of a mentor teacher, could support the school in selecting teachers to take up the role of mentor teachers. In an extended school-based teaching practice the quality of the experience, in most cases, depends on the mentor teachers' beliefs and attitude towards the task. iv

ERKENNING Hierdie tesis sou nie geskryf kon word sonder die kennis, raad en ondersteuning van my studieleier. Prof. D. M. de Kock nie. Ek wil graag my waardering teenoor haar uitspreek vir haar aanmoediging, leiding, geduld, konstruktiewe idees, waardevolle hulp en voorstelle. Ek wil ook graag my waardering uitspreek teenoor die Universiteit van Pretoria vir finansiële ondersteuning. Sonder die onderwysers en onderwysstudente wat deelgeneem het aan die studie, sou die tesis nie die lig gesien het nie. Daarom wil ek hulle spesiaal bedank. Ek wil ook graag my waardering teenoor my eggenoot en kinders uitspreek vir hulle liefde, opoffering en geduld gedurende die afgelope jare. Dankie vir my vriende, kollegas en hoof vir die belangstelling in my studies. Julle aanmoediging het baie beteken. Ook die Almagtige God en my Skepper, wie se genade so groot was sodat ek die tesis kon voltooi. v

SLEUTELWOORDE Identiteit Identiteitsvorming Internskap Mentoronderwyser Mentorskap Mentoronderwyser-keuringsinstrument Onderwysstudent Praktiese onderwys Professionele ontwikkeling Refleksie Identity Construction of identity Internship Mentor teacher Mentorship Mentor teacher selection instrument School-based learning Teaching student Professional development Reflection vi

INHOUD Verklaring i Abstrak...ii Erkenning.. iv Sleutelwoorde... v Inhoudsopgawe....vi Lys van tabelle..xi Lys van figure xi Lys van bylaes xi INHOUDSOPGAWE HOOFSTUK 1 ORIËNTERING TOT DIE STUDIE 1.1 Inleiding...1 1.2 Agtergrond tot die studie... 1 1.3 Ontwikkeling van die navorsingsvraag... 8 1.4 Navorsingsmetodologie... 9 1.5 Betekenis van die studie... 10 1.6 Beperkinge van die studie... 10 1.7 Uitleg van hoofstukke... 11 HOOFSTUK 2 DIE IDENTITEITSVORMING VAN MENTORONDERWYSERS: 'N SPANNINGSVELD 2.1 Inleiding... 13 2.2 Die Nagraadse Sertifikaat in Onderwys (NGSO) aan die Universiteit van Pretoria... 14 vii

2.2.1 Vennootskapsverhoudings... 18 2.2.1.1 Die institusionele vennootskapsverhouding... 18 2.2.1.2 Die interpersoonlike vennootskapsverhouding... 19 2.2.2 Implikasies vir die nuwe rol as mentor... 20 2.3 Wat is onderwyseridentiteit?... 22 2.4 Konseptualisering van mentorskap... 28 2.5 Die vorming van mentoronderwyseridentiteit... 33 2.5.1 Eie-aard identiteitsperspektief... 36 2.5.2 Institusionele identiteitsperspektief... 40 2.5.3 Diskoersidentiteitsperspektief... 45 2.5.4 Affiniteits-identiteitsperspektief... 52 2.6 Samevatting... 59 HOOFSTUK 3 DIE NAVORSINGSONTWERP VIR DIE VASSTELLING VAN 'N IDENTITEITSBELEWENIS VAN 'N GESELEKTEERDE GROEP MENTORONDERWYSERS 3.1 Inleiding... 61 3.2 Metodologiese oriëntasie... 61 3.2.1 'n Gevallestudie-ontwerp... 64 3.3 Navorsingsontwerp... 66 3.3.1 Teoretiese raamwerk... 66 3.3.2 Data-insamelingsinstrumente... 67 3.3.2.1 Oop-einde vraelyste... 67 3.3.2.2 In-diepte onderhoude... 67 3.3.3 Respondente... 69 3.4 Prosedure... 71 3.4.1 Die insameling van data... 71 3.4.2 Data-analise... 72 3.4.3 Tematisering... 75 3.5 Geldigheid en betroubaarheid van die bevindings... 77 3.6 Etiese aspekte... 79 viii

3.7 Samevatting... 80 HOOFSTUK 4 SO SÊ HULLE DIE MENTORONDERWYSERS SE BELEWENISSE 4.1 Inleiding... 81 Deel 1: Data van die vraelyste... 82 Aanwys van mentoronderwysers... 83 Redes vir aanvaarding van die mentortaak... 84 Waarom onderwysers nie mentors wil wees nie... 85 Opleiding van mentoronderwysers... 86 Ontbrekende vaardighede en onsekerhede... 86 Watter vaardighede is nodig vir mentorskap?... 88 Verhouding tussen onderwysstudent en mentoronderwyser. 89 Samevatting van vraelysdata....91 Deel 2: Data-analise van narratief en onderhoude... 92 4.2 Narratief van my mentorskapsbelewenisse... 94 4.2.1 Agtergrond... 94 4.2.2 Student 1: Lois....95 4.2.3 Student 2: Jansie....100 4.3 Die respondente se belewenisse 104 4.3.1 Mentoronderwyser: Lizet....105 4.3.1.1 Onderwysstudent: Leanne....107 4.3.1.2 Lizet se mentorskapsbelewenis....108 4.3.2 Mentoronderwyser Rina....125 4.3.2.1 Onderwysstudent Hestrie....127 4.3.2.2 Rina se mentorskapsbelewenis....128 4.3.3 Mentoronderwyser Riki....136 4.3.3.1 Onderwysstudent Joanne....138 4.3.3.2 Riki se mentorskapsbelewenis....138 4.3.4 Mentoronderwyser Joe....147 ix

4.3.4.1 Onderwysstudent Irmin....149 4.3.4.2 Joe se mentorskapsbelewenis....149 4.3.5 Mentoronderwyser Tersia....158 4.3.5.1 Onderwysstudent Danny....159 4.3.5.2 Tersia se mentorskapsbelewenis....159 4.3.6 Mentoronderwyseres Marie....167 4.3.6.1 Onderwysstudent Miekie....169 4.3.6.2 Marie se mentorskapsbelewenis....169 4.4 Samevatting....175 HOOFSTUK 5 DIE ANTWOORD OP DIE NAVORSINGSVRAAG 5.1 Inleiding... 176 5.2 Keuse van mentoronderwysers... 176 5.3 Eie-aard identiteitsperspektief... 179 5.4 Institusionele identiteitsperspektief... 180 5.5 Diskoers-identiteitsperspektief... 186 5.6 Affiniteits-identiteitsperspektief... 192 5.7 Die antwoord op die navorsingsvraag... 197 5.8 Samevatting... 201 HOOFSTUK 6 INSIGTE EN AANBEVELINGS VIR DIE PAD VORENTOE 6.1 Inleiding... 203 6.2 Aanbevelings... 204 6.2.1 Keuse van mentoronderwysers... 204 6.2.2 Opleiding van mentoronderwysers... 209 6.3 Implikasies vir verdere navorsing... 212 6.4 Slotopmerking... 213 x

BRONNELYS... 214 BYLAES....236 xi

LYS VAN TABELLE TABEL BLADSY Tabel 2.1: Tradisionele opleiding versus innoverende kurrikulum...16 Tabel 2.2: Perspektiewe van identiteit... 35 Tabel 2.3: Indikators van die eie-aard identiteitsperspektief... 40 Tabel 2.4: Indikators van die institusionele identiteitsperspektief... 44 Tabel 2.5: Indikators van die diskoers-identiteitsperspektief... 52 Tabel 2.6: Indikators van die affiniteits-identiteitsperspektief... 58 Tabel 3.1: Groepering van gekose navorsingsmetodes... 72 Tabel 3.2: Groepering van analitiese metodes... 74 Tabel 4.1: Agtergrond van mentoronderwyserrespondente... 83 Tabel 4.2: Kleurkodes vir kenmerke van identiteitsperspektiewe... 94 Tabel 4.3: Mentorhandelinge deur Lizet uitgevoer... 123 Tabel 4.4: Waardes en houdings deur Lizet geopenbaar... 124 Tabel 4.5: Spanningsvelde deur Lizet ervaar... 124 Tabel 4.6: Mentorhandelinge deur Rina uitgevoer... 135 Tabel 4.7: Waardes en houdings deur Rina geopenbaar... 635 Tabel 4.8: Spanningsvelde deur Rina ervaar... 135 Tabel 4.9: Mentorhandelinge deur Riki uitgevoer... 146 Tabel 4.10: Waardes en houdings deur Riki geopenbaar... 146 Tabel 4.11: Spanningsvelde deur Riki ervaar... 146 Tabel 4.12: Mentorhandelinge deur Joe uitgevoer... 156 Tabel 4.13: Spanningsvelde deur Joe ervaar... 157 Tabel 4.14: Mentorhandelinge deur Tersia uitgevoer... 166 Tabel 4.15: Waardes en houdings deur Tersia geopenbaar... 166 Tabel 4.16: Spanningsvelde deur Tersia ervaar... 167 Tabel 4.17: Mentorhandelinge deur Marie uitgevoer... 174 Tabel 4.18: Waardes en houdings deur Marie geopenbaar... 174 Tabel 4.19: Spanningsvelde deur Marie ervaar... 175 Tabel 5.1: Geïdentifiseerde mentortake... 198 xii

Tabel 6.1: Voorgestelde keuringsinstrument vir mentoronderwysers..207 LYS VAN FIGURE Figuur 2.1: Die komplekse aard van mentorskap...32 Figuur 2.2: Voorstelling van interafhanklikheid van identiteitsperspektiewe... 35 Figuur 3.3: Driehoekige voorwerp... 36 LYS VAN BYLAES Bylaag 1: Oop-einde vraelys vir mentoronderwysers... 236 Bylaag 2: Oop-einde vraelys vir onderwysstudente... 239 Bylaag 3: Kernvrae vir onderhoude met mentoronderwysers... 241 Bylaag 4: Mondelinge toestemming van deelnemers... 244 Bylaag 5: Kernvrae vir onderhoude met onderwysstudente... 246 Bylaag 6: Toestemming van skoolhoof... 249 xiii