GROUND WATER SCENARIO AND MANAGEMENT OPNTIONS IN NCR, DELHI Dr S.K. GUPTA Scientist D Central Ground Water Board 25 th FEB. 2014
National Capital Region, Delhi
National Capital Region Sl No State District Area (Sq Km) 1 Delhi All districts (11) 1483 2 Haryana Panipat, Sonipat, Rohtak, 13413 Jhajjar, Rewari, Gurgaon, Mewat, Palwal and Faridabad (9) 3 Rajasthan Alwar (1) 7829 4 Uttar Pradesh Baghpat, Meerut, Ghaziabad, Gautambudh Nagar and Bulandshahar (5) 10853 Total 26 33578
Flood Plain Map of NCR
Hydrogeological Map, NCR
Dynamic Ground Water Resources, NCR Estimation as on 31.3.2009 Sub Region Net Ground Water Availability Annual Draft Stage of ground Water Development (MCM) (MCM) (%) NCT Delhi 287.14 396.20 138 Haryana 3339.08 3806.73 114 Rajasthan 794.82 1323.87 167 Uttar Pradesh 4152.03 3290.66 79.25 Total 8573.07 8817.46 102.85
State Categorization of Blocks in NCR Ground Water Estimation as on 31.3.2009 Total Blocks in NCR Over exploited block /unit (% area) Critical block /unit (% area) Semi Critical block/unit (% area) Safe block/unit (% area) NCT Delhi 27 (Tehsil as unit) 20 (69) 0 5 (22) 2 (9) Haryana 42 22 (50) 7 (18) 4 (11) 9 (21) Rajasthan 14 14 (100) 0 0 0 Uttar Pradesh 46 9 (18) 3 (6) 12 (28) 22 (48) Total 129 65 (52) 10 (9) 21 (14) 33 (25)
SUGGESTIONS TO IMPROVE GROUND WATER SITUATION IN NCR
1. Groundwater Recharge Policies for rural and urban areas All the constituent States of NCR need to implement the policies of rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge to ground water more effectively in their respective sub-regions. An Action Plan for Groundwater Recharge needs to be prepared for rural and urban areas by the respective States of NCR.
Rain water Harvesting regulation in Urban areas Sub Region Roof Top Area (Sq m) Date of enactment NCT Delhi 100 (Plot Area) July 2001 Haryana 100 Dec 2002 Rajasthan 300 (Plot Area) May 2010 Uttar Pradesh 100 April 2001
Policies are not uniform. Need for unified Model policy separately for Rural as well as Urban areas. Action plan for ground water recharge is to be prepared based on the Model Policy for rural & urban areas by the respective states of NCR.
2. Recharge in areas Surrounding Ridges The areas surrounding the ridges may be duly treated to allow more and more subsurface recharge by way of constructing trenches and other suitable structure such as gully plugs, gabion structures etc. CGWB has demonstrated the feasibility of such interventions through construction of check dam at down slope of Aravalli ridge, in the Jawahar Lal Nehru University Campus (JNU), Delhi. Several other projects in ridge areas
Check Dam in JNU, Delhi
3. Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting In existing and upcoming urban areas of NCR, roof top rainwater harvesting needs to be taken up on large scale and it should be taken as a public movement. CGWB has constructed various Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting structures in NCR. On the basis of the experience of these projects, there is need to make this program as public movement in the urban & rural areas
Rain water harvesting system at Shram Rainwater runoff: 3325 m 3 Shakti Bhawan Average Recharge:3000 m3/year Recharge Structures -Trench & recharge wells: 3 Year of construction: 2001 (Rise) in water levels :Aug 07: 1.68-3.33 m Cost : Rs 4.10 Lakh
RAINWATER HARVESTING OF RUNOFF FROM FLYOVERS SHAFT WITH RECHARGE WELL Opening 0.7 X 0.7 m Inlet dia Outlet 0.23 m thick wall GL PLAN Mesh 10 cm thick RCC slab GL Inlet Steps Outlet H 0.23 m thick wall 0.5 m Coarse sand 1.5-2 mm 0.5 m Gravel 5-10 mm 0.5 m Boulder 5-15 cm 3 mm slot size Dhaula Kuan Flyover Catchments area : 13.75 Hectares Average Annual Rainfall : 712.2 mm Geological Formation : Weathered quartzite Water Availability : 39244 cum. Depth 100 mm dia MS pipe 300 mm dia bore filled with pea gravel 3-6 mm 4 m 1.58 mm slot size 1 m Bail plug SECTION Recharge structures : Shaft with Recharge well 16 Pond with Recharge well 1 Pit with Recharge well 3
Annual Recharge: 0.6 million cubic m Recharge Structure: 24 Trenches with twin Recharge Well Rise in Water Level: Rise in Water Level: Upto 1 m
Annual Recharge: 20000 cubic m Recharge Structure: 3 Shaft & 3 Recahrge Pits Rise in Water Level: 0.5 to 1 m
4. Deepening of village ponds and lakes The schemes for groundwater recharging and deepening of village ponds & lakes and treatment of their drainage channels need to be taken up by taken up by the respective states under the existing employment schemes. These can be taken up in MNREGA, RRR etc. The traditional water harvesting structures need to be identified and plan for their rejuvenation to be prepared by respective state Govt.
5. Building byelaws for rain water harvesting For effective implementation, changes in building byelaws or suitable legislation should be adopted. CGWA has issued directions for implementation of roof top rainwater harvesting vide public notice dated 8.10.2009 & 6.1.2010. Govt.of Haryana, UP, Rajasthan and Delhi have issued directions, which varies from area to area. There is need for model guidelines in the building plans for NCR area.
6. Recycling of waste water and dual piped water supply To reduce stress on ground water pumping, there by having positive impact on ground water levels recycling of waste water and dual piped water supply needs to be planned. In NCT Delhi, treated waste water is used for horticulture and gardening purposes to a limited extent. In Gurgaon area, treated waste water is used for construction and gardening purposes. The industries should be asked to recycle the water and reuse so that they are zero water discharge industries. In NCR areas there is need for dual water supply system that needs to be made mandatory.
7. Public Awareness & Education Campaigns for conservation of water MoWR is carrying out IEC activities including mass awareness program on water conservation and rain water harvesting, Water Management Training Programmes, Painting Competition for school children, Workshops and Seminars etc. The NGO s /Panchayati Raj Institutions/ Local Bodies are to be involved for creating awareness about water conservation. A large scale awareness program needs to be organized at different places in the NCR areas. 2013 declared as Water Conservation Year
8. Implementation of Model Bill Ministry of Water Resources, GOI has circulated modified Model Bill on Ground Water Regulation and Management in 2005, but the State Governments in NCR have still not enacted the same. There is need for enactment and implementation of Model Bill on Ground Water Regulation and Management by the respective State Govts. and formation of State Ground Water Authorities.
Sub Region Other Issues-Artificial Recharge Projects No of Structur es taken up by CGWB in NCR VIII PLAN IX PLAN XI PLAN Cost (Rs In Lakhs) No of Structur es Cost (Rs In Lakhs) No of Structur es Cost (Rs In Lakhs) NCT 4 43.58 16 92.23 10 43.44 Delhi Haryana - - 3 22.93 - - Rajastha n Uttar Pradesh - - - - - - - - 1 5.0 - - Total 4 43.58 20 120.16 10 43.44
Others Issues (Cont.) Master Plan for Artificial Recharge to Ground Water in India 2013 CGWB has prepared Master Plan for Artificial Recharge to Ground water in India. Proposed structures:-check dam, Recharge Shaft, Recharge Shaft with Injection Well, Percolation Tank, Nala Bund, and Recharge Tube Well / Dug Well and Anicut. State Governments may use this plan for implementation in the NCR area.
Artificial Recharge Structures proposed in the Master Plan Sub Region NCT Delhi Haryana Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Type of AR Structures Check Dam Recharge Shaft with injection Well No of AR structures 8 17850 Unit cost (Rs in Crores) 0.05 0.05 Total Cost (Rs in Crores) 892.90 Check Dam 175 0.50 376.20 Recharge Shaft 11548 0.025 Percolation Tank Anicut Recharge Shaft Percolation Tank NB/C/CP RS/TW/DW 70 22 143 160 4257 2662 0.41 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.10 0.01 36.51 484.32 Total 36895 1789.93
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