What I Need to Know for the Grammar Quiz CLAUSES subject + predicate (complete thought) = sentence/independent clause subject + predicate (incomplete thought) = not a sentence/ dependent clause SUBJECTS answer WHO or WHAT the independent clause is about. PREDICATES begin with the VERB of the sentence and show ACTION or LINK information to the subject. LIST OF LINKING VERBS to the tune of The Star Spangled Banner am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been, have, has, had, do, does, did, shall, would, should, will, may, might, must, can, could, feel, appear, taste, look, smell, stay, become, remain, sound, seem ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS (FAN BOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So) JOIN ideas or independent clauses. (Comma rule!!!) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PREPOSITIONS show the relationship between words within a sentence. They particularly help distinguish TIME and PLACE relationships. LIST OF PREPOSITIONS - to the tune of Yankee Doodle. about above across after against among around at before behind beside between beyond by down during except for from in into near of off on over past through throughout to toward under until up with within without INFINITIVES occur when the word to directly precedes an action verb. If to is not followed by an action verb, it is a preposition. Infinitive phrases act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Examples: Jane walked to the store. preposition To walk was part of the fun. infinitive Jane wanted to walk to the store. infinitive followed by preposition ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS (AAAWWUBBIS words) When a subordinate conjunction is attached to the beginning of an independent clause, the clause becomes DEPENDENT and is called a SUBORDINATE CLAUSE. If the subordinate clause begins the sentence, it is followed by a comma. Example: After eating dinner, Jane watched TV. If the subordinate clause appears later in the sentence, no comma is needed. Example: Jane watched TV after eating dinner.
PUNCTUATING SIMPLE, COMPOUND, AND COMPLEX SENTENCES SIMPLE SENTENCES - Independent clause [.] Example: We went for a walk downtown. Example: We stopped for a snack at the store. COMPOUND SENTENCE WITH A COORDINATING CONJUNCTION Independent clause [,] coordinating conjunction independent clause [.] Example: We went on a walk, and we stopped for a snack at the store. COMPLEX SENTENCE BEGINNING WITH A DEPENDENT CLAUSE Subordinating conjunction dependent clause [,] independent clause [.] Example: When we went on our walk downtown, we stopped for a snack at the store. COMPLEX SENTENCE BEGINNING WITH AN INDEPENDENT CLAUSE Independent clause subordinating conjunction dependent clause [.] Example: We stopped for a snack at the store when we went for a walk downtown. PARALLEL SENTENCE STRUCTURE words, phrases, or clauses written with similar grammatical structure to show a similarity of importance, meaning, or emphasis (see page 346 in the Springboard Book for additional help.) Examples: Carla likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle. The report was written quickly, accurately, and thoroughly. The teacher told the students that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not worry too much, and that they should go over their notes. The review covers how to identify clauses, correct common errors, and proofread for errors. IDENTIFICATION OR CLAUSES AND PHRASES CLAUSE dependent (incomplete thought) or independent (complete thought) does CONTAIN subject + predicate PHRASE - a group of words that work together as a part of speech and does NOT CONTAIN BOTH a subject and its predicate (verb) PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES begin with a preposition and usually ends with a noun called the object of the preposition. They usually act as adjectives or adverbs. Examples of prepositional phrases: The book on the table is the one to read for the report assigned in class. The rain fell from the clouds onto the cold concrete. Sally looked around the room to find her lost keys. INFINITIVE PHRASES to directly precedes an action verb and together they act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs Examples of infinitive phrases: I love to go to school. Molly would love to sing in the choir. Alice decided to ride her bike to the store. The grammar quiz will require you to do all of the following: Identify a sentence as simple, compound, or complex. Identify a clause as independent or dependent. Identify subordinate clauses. Identify prepositional phrases within sentences. Identify infinitive phrases within sentences. Edit sentences for parallel sentence structure. Edit a short paragraph.
Identify: Subject & Predicate, Independent / Dependent Clauses & Prepositions 1. Label each item below with an (I) for independent clause or (D) for dependent clause. Draw a line between the subject and predicate. Circle any prepositions!!! When Larry sits beside his brother Allison leaned against the park bench Do not step beyond the yellow line if the thief is among us Even though Sally is quiet 2. Label each item below with an (I) for independent clause or (D) for dependent clause. Draw a line between the subject and predicate. Circle any prepositions!!! She feels bad about the situation Because the car will not start Judy climbed over the fence They went to the store As Kelsey jumped into the car 3. Label each item below with an (I) for independent clause or (D) for dependent clause. Draw a line between the subject and predicate. Circle any prepositions!!! So Judy can help Since Mary needs some help Bake the cake in the oven While Jerry looks over the song
Identify: Subject & Predicate, Independent / Dependent Clauses & Prepositions & Infinitives 4. The word to, can be a preposition which shows the relationship between words, or to can be next to an action verb, making it an infinitive. Examples: Jane walked to the store. preposition To walk was part of the fun. infinitive Jane wanted to walk to the store. infinitive followed by preposition The sentences below use the word to. Label them (P) preposition or (I) infinitive. Kelly ran to her mother. Kelly always wanted to sing. Jane had to clean her room. Alice was called to the dinner table. Watching TV to learn is fun. To win was Lee s goal. 5. Label each item below with an (I) for independent clause or (D) for dependent clause. Draw a line between the subject and predicate. Circle any prepositions!!! Underline any infinitives!!!! Jogging down the street is fun for Kathy Anne wanted to climb the rock wall Unless she finishes her dinner While Gary walks to school 6. Label each item below with an (I) for independent clause or (D) for dependent clause. Draw a line between the subject and predicate. Circle any prepositions!!! Underline any infinitives!!!! Even though Karl saw through the window Cleverly, Karl ran down the street for help Unless Karl gets help with his homework Karl watched with eagerness for his friend to appear.
7. Label each item below with an (I) for independent clause or (D) for dependent clause. Draw a line between the subject and predicate. Circle any prepositions!!! Underline any infinitives!!!! Once they finish the work on the road Climbing over the hill is the long way to the road The cat was found behind the washing machine If the cat had taken the ball from the basket SIMPLE, COMPOUND, & COMPLEX SENTENCES #1 Write the two simple sentences as a compound sentence. Sharon was walking in the park. Sharon found a cat. Write the compound sentence you just created as a complex sentence. Revise this sentence so it reflects formal, precise language. I think guys react positively to photos with dark backgrounds and bright cars. #2 Write the two simple sentences as a compound sentence. Harry wanted a computer. He saved his money from mowing lawns. Write the compound sentence you just created as a complex sentence. Revise this sentence so it reflects formal, precise language. Ads that target kids don t fool me or my friends.
#3 Write the two simple sentences as a compound sentence. Justinian wrote a code of law. It became the law of the land. Write the compound sentence you just created as a complex sentence. Revise this sentence so it reflects formal, precise language. The ad from the magazine was so stupid, and the celebrity was lame. #4 Write the two simple sentences as a compound sentence. Mrs. Ferry likes the Patriots. She doubts they will make it to the Super Bowl. Write the compound sentence you just created as a complex sentence. Revise this sentence so it reflects formal, precise language. Ads that convince kids to buy sugary cereal are not cool.
Identify: prepositional phrases, subordinate clauses, and edit for parallel sentence structure #1 Identifying Prepositional Phrases Put [brackets] around the prepositional phrases in the paragraph below. Janet fled her house and raced to the store. It was that time of year when there were sales galore! Standing in the bitter cold was a price she was willing to pay. The aisles filled with marked-down prices would definitely beat the cost of a few frozen fingers and toes. #2 Parallel Sentence Structure Following the examples, circle the correct choice in the practice sentences below. Example: Carla likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle. Example: The report was written quickly, accurately, and thoroughly. Example: The teacher told the students that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not worry too much, and that they should go over their notes. Example: The review covers how to identify clauses, correct common errors, and proofread for errors. 1. It is important to consider ideas, think carefully, and (reflect, reflect often, finish with reflection) when revising an essay. 2. Sally decided to create, write, and (performing, perform, she performed) her own music. 3. Kathy cleaned, organized, and (straightened, straightening, had straightened) her room to prepare for guests. 4. Andy s mother said she would be willing to pack a lunch, would be willing to call the other parents, and (drive everyone, be willing to drive, would be willing to drive everyone) to the park.
#3 Rewrite the paragraph. Underline any subordinate clauses and edit for commas if necessary. Carly enjoyed baking wrapping and when she would decorate the tree. It was her contribution to the holiday events in her home. While doing all of these things Carly would play music. She knew this was the time of year to be thankful for many things. #4 Rewrite the paragraph. Underline any subordinate clauses and edit for commas if necessary. Mrs. Ferry is ready for the Super Bowl. She has watched the games cheered her team and has been preparing a feast. Now, all she needs is for the Patriots to make it to the big day! As Mrs. Ferry awaits the showdown she does have some doubts about the Patriots being a part of that eagerly awaited match. #5 Rewrite the paragraph. Underline any subordinate clauses and edit for commas if necessary. When Christal came home for the holiday break she brought along her fish. Luna, the cat, was intrigued by these new creatures appearing in her domain. Luna pondered the fish examined their movements and was tapping at the tank until getting caught by Christal. As time passed Luna kept her paws off the tank.
#6 Rewrite the paragraph. Underline any subordinate clauses and edit for commas if necessary. When you finish eating dinner you are to rinse your dishes put them in the dishwasher and clean-up your area at the table. #7 Rewrite the paragraph. Underline any subordinate clauses and edit for commas if necessary. Rather than go to Florida for break we will stay here. There will be plenty to do because we all like to ice skate go skiing and snowboard. #8 Rewrite the paragraph. Underline any subordinate clauses and edit for commas if necessary. Doing the laundry cooking and cleaning up the house are not my favorite things to do. If I have to choose between homework and housework I will pick homework every time.
#9 Analyze this sentence: When Larry sat down to plan his day he decided he wanted to wash the car clean the gutters and to start blowing the leaves before dinner. When Larry sat down to plan his day he decided he wanted to wash the car clean the gutters and to start blowing the leaves before dinner. Underline any subordinate clause and edit for commas if needed. When Larry sat down to plan his day he decided he wanted to wash the car clean the gutters and to start blowing the leaves before dinner. When Larry sat down to plan his day he decided he wanted to wash the car clean the gutters and to start blowing the leaves before dinner. Correctly written and edited, the sentence would look like this: #10 Analyze this sentence: Winter can include fun activities such as cross-country skiing sometimes going snow tubing and even to ice skate since it gets really cold outside during this time of year. Winter can include fun activities such as cross-country skiing sometimes going snow tubing and even to ice skate since it gets really cold outside during this time of year. Underline any subordinate clause and edit for commas if needed. Winter can include fun activities such as cross-country skiing sometimes going snow tubing and even to ice skate since it gets really cold outside during this time of year. Winter can include fun activities such as cross-country skiing sometimes going snow tubing and even to ice skate since it gets really cold outside during this time of year. Correctly written and edited, the sentence would look like this:
#11 Analyze these sentences: Good memories create gardens in our hearts. If we take care of them they will germinate like a seed grow into a plant and blossom like a flower. Good memories create gardens in our hearts. If we take care of them they will germinate like a seed grow into a plant and blossom like a flower. Underline any subordinate clause and edit for commas if needed. Good memories create gardens in our hearts. If we take care of them they will germinate like a seed grow into a plant and blossom like a flower. Good memories create gardens in our hearts. If we take care of them they will germinate like a seed grow into a plant and blossom like a flower. Correctly written and edited, the sentence would look like this:
#12 Analyze these sentences: As everyone is well aware there will be a grammar and vocabulary quiz on January 22 nd. While preparing for the vocabulary portion of the quiz everyone should make flashcards start creating visuals and teach others the vocabulary words. When practicing for the grammar section of the quiz everyone should complete the practice grammar sheets to review prepositions using subordinate clauses and parallel sentence structure. As everyone is well aware there will be a grammar and vocabulary quiz on January 22 nd. While preparing for the vocabulary portion of the quiz everyone should make flashcards start creating visuals and teach others the vocabulary words. When practicing for the grammar section of the quiz everyone should complete the practice grammar sheets to review prepositions using subordinate clauses and parallel sentence structure. Underline any subordinate clauses and edit for commas if needed. As everyone is well aware there will be a grammar and vocabulary quiz on January 22 nd. While preparing for the vocabulary portion of the quiz everyone should make flashcards start creating visuals and teach others the vocabulary words. When practicing for the grammar section of the quiz everyone should complete the practice grammar sheets to review prepositions using subordinate clauses and parallel sentence structure. As everyone is well aware there will be a grammar and vocabulary quiz on January 22 nd. While preparing for the vocabulary portion of the quiz everyone should make flashcards start creating visuals and teach others the vocabulary words. When practicing for the grammar section of the quiz everyone should complete the practice grammar sheets to review prepositions using subordinate clauses and parallel sentence structure. Correctly written and edited, the sentence would look like this: