Year 7. Grammar booklet 2 and tasks Adverbs, adjectives, pronouns and revision of spellings

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1 Year 7 Grammar booklet 2 and tasks Adverbs, adjectives, pronouns and revision of spellings

2 Adverbs An adverb tells us more about a verb. It describes or modifies the verb in some way. Most (but not all) adverbs end with the suffix ly. For example: The captain proudly received the cup. There are four categories of adverb: Time adverbs tell us when something happens for example: He runs later. Manner adverbs tell us how something happens, for example: He runs fast. Place adverbs tell us where something happens, for example: He runs far. Degree adverbs add more information about another adverb, for example: He runs very quickly. Copy these sentences. Underline the adverb and circle the verb. a) The lion roared noisily. b) Sophie gazed longingly at the toys. c) The man sneezed loudly. d) I answered all the questions correctly. e) The girl smiled sweetly at her grandmother. f) The dog growled fiercely at the burglar. g) We all completed the exercises easily. h) I crossed the road carefully. Write out the following sentences, using a suitable adverb. e.g. The swans swam down the river. (serenely) The two children argued At the back of the class they whispered Jake slipped and fell The man gave to the charity appeal. I spoke to the visitor. The tiny boy stood up to the bully The police stopped the man who drove

3 Adjectives Adjectives are describing words. Adjectives give us more information about nouns, for example: A strong horse, a brave rider, an exciting race. Adjectives are used to describe nouns. They help us to make our writing and speaking more interesting and varied. The boy walked down the road is dull. The writer can create very different pictures by adding adjectives to create pictures in the reader s mind. This is why they are so important. 1. Copy these sentences. Underline the adjective in each sentence. Circle the noun that it describes. The first one is done for you. a) I ate a bag of crisps that b) The pencil was blunt. were salty. c) The giraffe was huge. d) The man was carrying a heavy case. e) I put on a clean shirt. 2. Rewrite each of the sentences above and think of another suitable adjective to substitute. 2. Nice is an overused and vague adjective. Find suitable adjectives that can be used instead of nice to describe the following nouns. a) book b) jacket c) meal d) day e) cottage f) film g) holiday 3. Change these nouns to adjectives by adding the same suffix (word ending). Check your spelling in a dictionary. a) care b) beauty c) thought d) doubt e) pity f) hope g) grace h) awe i) duty j) skill

4 Revision Key Spellings and Vocabulary 1. adverb 2. atmosphere 3. antonym 4. contraction 5. dictionary 6. essay 7. language 8. noun 9. phrase 10. plural 11. poetry 12. prose 13. punctuation 14. rhyme 15. rhythm 16. sentence 17. simile 18. soliloquy 19. synonym 20. thesaurus Key Spellings and Vocabulary - Plurals 1. babies 2. benches 3. buses 4. calves 5. chiefs 6. cities 7. clashes 8. coats 9. cuffs 10. days 11. donkeys 12. dresses 13. dwarves 14. foxes 15. graves 16. handkerchiefs 17. hoaxes 18. jellies 19. knives 20. leaves Vocabulary Task: Write a short, rhyming poem using some of the plurals in your spellings.

5 Pronouns A pronoun is used in place of a noun. It is used to avoid the repetition of a Noun in a sentence. Fred likes skating. Fred goes skating every day with Raj. Fred likes skating. He goes skating every day with Raj. Raj has new skates. Raj uses his new skates every day. Raj has new skates. He uses them every day. 1. Underline the pronouns in the following sentences. Circle the nouns to which they refer. a) Fred likes skiing. He goes skiing every year. b) Raj has new trainers and wears them every day. c) The teacher loaded the software but it would not work. d) Let s go to the cinema. It s very cheap. e) Jane, get off that bike. You know you are not allowed. f) Mr Smith ran back to his wife to tell her the story. g) Mr Webb s children sat in the back of the car and all they did was laugh. h) The teacher pointed at the sweets. Are these yours? He asked Ann. 2. Say whether the pronouns refer to the singular of plural nouns in the examples. 3. Read the following article from a local newspaper. A rare species of whale, never before seen in this country, was spotted on a Norfolk beach by a group of amateur rock climbers. Mr Smith, from Leytonstone, was climbing with friends when suddenly became aware of the strange creature. was lying there stranded on the beach. couldn t believe our eyes when we saw. said to our reporter today. just stood there and watched, but was still. will never believe the excitement I felt at seeing it so close to. The coastguard gently eased back into the water and swam away. It was my first experience of a whale. _ m looking forward to telling my wife. will be so thrilled. certainly has caused a sensation in this area. Copy the text out and complete the text using these pronouns: They, us, she, you, we, it.

6 Revision! Commas 1. Words in a List Use commas to separate three or more words in a list.. ; : Always use a full stop at the end of a sentence. Use more full stops and shorter sentences to create tension. Use longer more descriptive sentences, with fewer full stops, to explore in more detail. Use a combination of these for variety and range. Always use capital letters for the names of people, places, days of the week, months of the year Capital letters are a level 3 skill and you MUST use them correctly. You can use a semi colon instead of a connective to link two sentences together when the subject of the second sentence is very closely linked to the first. You can use a colon to introduce a list. Make sure you separate the items on your list with commas. Use an apostrophe for a contraction or for possession. A contraction is when two words have been joined together e.g. don t and the apostrophe indicates the missing letter. For possession the apostrophe goes before the s e.g. Bob s car, unless the possession is plural e.g. the teachers staff room or the word ends in s e.g. James book. Use speech marks at the beginning and the end of the words that are spoken. Use a punctuation mark before the speech marks close. Start a new line for a new speaker. Use a comma before the first speech mark and/or before the last speech mark. Use a capital letter to begin the speech. Andrew's favourite sports are football, badminton, rugby and cricket. 2. Subordinate Clauses A subordinate clause has a subject and a verb but doesn t make sense on its own. Place a comma after a subordinate clause that begins a sentence. When I go to the cinema, I like to eat popcorn. 3. Phrases A phrase is a word or group of words that explains another word in a sentence. Use commas to set off a phrase from the rest of the sentence. Mr Long, my favourite teacher, gave us extra homework today. 4. Introductory Words Place a comma to separate introductory words and phrases, such as a) connectives b) discourse markers and c) the name of a person the sentence addresses directly. a) However, I don t believe this to be the case. b) Yes, I would like some more sauce on my pasta. c) Dan, is this your key?