Geothermal Energy in Hungary Geothermal technology knows no borders." Karl Gawell, Geothermal Energy Association dr. Peter Praczki Vecsés, Hungary
The geothermal energy industry The geothermal energy (GE) originates from the Planet early formation GE is the power extracted from heat stored in the Earth GE was used for bathing in paleolithic and heating in Roman times GE has been used since 100 years for establishing steam for electricity purposes.
Renewable Energies in European Union Hungarian geothermal energy production 4,23 PJ (2010) is 0.37 % from the total Hungarian energy production (1126 PJ)
Geothermal energy in Hungary 2010-2020 Geothermal energy 2010 9 % 4,23 PJ 2020 17 % 16,43 PJ Ground Heat Pumps 2010 0 % 0,25 PJ 2020 6% 5,99 PJ (Hungarian National Renewable Energy Action Plan - 2011)
Geothermal energy in Hungary 2010-2020 Renewable energy development 2010 2020 Hotel Gellért - Budapest (Hungarian National Renewable Energy Action Plan - 2010)
Hungary s geological opportunities 350000 300000 250000 200000 C o 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 150000 100 90 100000 50000 450000 500000 550000 600000 650000 700000 750000 800000 850000 900000 80 70 60 50. Hungary is located in a large sedimentary basin, therefore its geothermal features are excellent.
Geothermal energy in Hungary The average geothermal gradient is in a 5-7 Celsius degrees range (100 m 60 C and 2000 m 100 C) Hungary is known to be reach in thermal waters (About 500 Mrd m3 total supply, from 50 Mrd m3 thermal water could be used). There are around 1400 thermal water wells in Hungary. 788 are using 450 M m3 water per year (Balneology: 200 thermal wells) Thermal power 654,6 MW. Geothermal energy available capacity 455.000 PJ Bath Rudas - Budapest
Geothermal energy production segments Geothermal heat pumps Geothermal heating by thermal wells. District heating Greenhouses Fisheries Industrial process heating Balneology Greenhouses in Hungary ( 2 M m2) Electricity production - geothermal power plant Tectonic plates utilization Geothermal Systems Enhanced
Geothermal heating and heat pumps Geothermal heating (1000-2500 m) and ground heat pumps (max 300 m) power in the world top 15 countries (Bertani / 2009) Ground heat pumps - GHP take advantage of moderate temperatures in the ground - High coefficient performance (CoP) (a 1 kw capacity heat pumps compressor could produce 3-6 kw heating power) - Pay out period 3-10 years
Geothermal heat pumps system 80,000 units installed in the US per year
Types of geothermal heat pump systems 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Loop systems: closed, vertical, lake, open, hybrid, etc
Heat Pumps - How does it work? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g39nm7gbsja
RETS - Geothermic Heat Pump Systems Hospital Netherland Sittard-Geleen Kindergarten Italy Varese Office building France - Pézenas
Cultural Center Vecsés
Cultural Center Vecsés
Cultural Center Vecsés Drilling with a vertical loop system
Cultural Center Vecsés sta Drilling and boring pipes
Cultural Center Vecsés Drill bit
Cultural Center Vecsés Heat exchangers waiting for action
Cultural Center Vecsés Heat exchangers top head
Cultural Center Vecsés Ground loops sticking out
Cultural Center Vecsés Pipe ends are capped off with air gage
Cultural Center Vecsés Header connecting ground loops
Cultural Center Vecsés Ground loops connected
Cultural Center Vecsés Connection with the heat pumps system
Cultural Center Vecsés Once all headers are connected the system is pressurized
CBA shopping center Vecsés
Thermal Hotel Hegyessy Nyerges - Monor The Thermal Hotel Hegyessy Nyerges has a spa pre-heating system
Geothermal heating Geothermal heating is a direct use of a geothermal fluid below 100 Celsius degrees Many Hungarian cities - Csongrád, Hódmezővásárhely, Makó, Mórahalom, Nagyatád, Szeged, Szentes, Szigetvár, Vasvár - are using district heating Hódmezôvásárhely Geothermal cascade system - 8 production wells (water 60-70 % is pumped back). Picture: Kurunczi&Aquaplus
Geothermal drilling Geothermal drilling rid.
Geothermal drilling rings Stainless steel tube Larch inside pipe (1870). Vilmos Zsigmondy (1821-1888) 970 m drilling in Városliget (1878)
Geothermal electricity production Advantages Geothermal power does not rely on variable sources of energy (like solar and wind), therefore its capacity factor can be quite large (up to 96 %) Disadvantages Thermal efficiency of geothermal electric plants is low (around 10-15 %)
Geothermal Power Plant Most geothermal power plants are built exclusively on the edges of tectonic plates High temperatures are available at the surface Naturally occurring water and rock porosity is sufficient to carry heat to the surface Geothermal Power Plant Nesjavellir (Iceland)
Geothermal Power Plant The development of the binary cycle power plants enable the establishment of enhanced geothermal systems 4.8 MW (gross) binary cycle power plant located near Empire, Nevada.
Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) Soultz-sous-Forets (France) Electricity coming from 5.000 m deep
Deep Geothermal Energy Soultz- Sous-Forets (France) EGS is a geothermal power technology that do not require NATURAL convective hydrothermal resources, 2012 RETS - International Seminar - St. Asaph (UK) - March 13
EGS system for heat / power co-generation The vast majority of geothermal energy within drilling reach is in dry and non- porous rock. EGS technologies "enhance geothermal resources in this hot dry rock through hydraulic (pumping) stimulation. WHAT IS NEEDED? Extended - sufficiently permeable fracture network Suitable heat exchange surfaces. ~200 C
Soultz-Sous-Forets - Key data Soultz-sous-Forets EGS geothermal Power plant (France) The first European operating Enhanced Geothermal System Electric power is 1.5 MW Temperature of the thermal water is 160 o C Three deep plus two shallow wells The deep wells are 5.000 m
EGS - How does it work? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0fssn7ywhc
Thank you for your attention E-mail: praczkip@t-online.hu