Renewable Energy from Depleted Oil Fields using Geothermal Energy. Ramsey Kweik Southern Methodist University Geothermal Lab

Transcription

1 Renewable Energy from Depleted Oil Fields using Geothermal Energy Ramsey Kweik Southern Methodist University Geothermal Lab

2 Outline What is Geothermal Energy? Why geothermal in Texas? Types of Power Plants Difference between Oil/Gas and Geothermal Benefits of utilizing Geothermal Energy in O/G Fields Example of O/G Field in Texas Fairway Field (East Texas) 2

3 What is Geothermal Energy? From the Greek geo meaning earth and therme meaning heat Harnessing the thermal energy (heat) flowing upward through the crust Geothermal Education Office,

4 Why Geothermal in Texas? 4

5 U.S. Potential Power Production Based on Temperatures in Sedimentary and Basement Rocks using Coproduced, EGS, and Geopressure Geothermal Exploration (2006 MIT Future of Geothermal Report )

6 Geothermal energy potential in Texas Estimating temperatures from oil/gas BHT 12,000 feet depth Uncorrected temperatures Blackwell, Richards and Stepp, 2010, SECO Geothermal Report

7 Gulf Coast Wells between 10,000 to 12,000 ft ~ 18,000 wells in Gulf Coast If 10% of wells are converted to geothermal 500 kw each = 900 MW of energy NOTE: Today even more wells because of the Eagle Ford Play. 1MW Geothermal = ~ 30 MW Wind Blackwell, Richards, Stepp, SMU Geothermal Report to Texas SECO

8 Lots of Water! Chart uses an injection temperature of 130 F Baseline for estimation Curve varies with technology Surface equipment needs fluids 10, F ~ 500 kw Image updated from Blackwell et al., 2010

9 Geothermal Power Plants Dry Steam F ( C) Steam dominated system Flash 350 F (180 C+) Water dominated system Binary 150 F (66 C+) Water dominated system 9

10 Binary Hot water from subsurface is run through a heat exchanger and flashes a working fluid The vaporized working fluid turns the turbine/generator Water is reinjected with no loss Hot water and working fluid operate in separate closed loops Casa Diablo Power Plant, Mammoth Lakes, CA 10

11 Flash Water dominated hydrothermal systems Superheated water from the reservoir enters a low pressure separator In the separator a portion of the water flashes to steam, which is used to turn a turbine/generator Some water is lost in the condenser Dixie Valley, Nevada (66 MW) 11

12 Dry Steam Wells tap subsurface steam reservoir Steam directly used to turn turbine/generator Lose a large percentage of reservoir fluid in condenser Currently running at 48% due to reservoir draw down The Geysers, the world s largest geothermal system, 1,517MW of installed capacity

13 O/G vs. Geothermal Reservoir Geothermal Reservoir High porosity and permeability Reservoir Rock = Host Rock Higher temperature Water dominated Good connectivity with faults Circulation structure Hydrocarbon Reservoir High porosity and permeability Reservoir Rock Host Rock Lower temperature Hydrocarbon dominated No connectivity with faults Capture structure Modified from Sass, 2010

14 Well Design Geothermal Well Oil Well Image from Petty, 2008

15 Bottom Hole Slotted Liner Perforated liner 9 June June

16 Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) An area of elevated crustal temperatures No naturally occurring fluid pathways (faults/fractures) Rock is hydraulically stimulated to produce fractures 16

17 EGS Coproduction 17

18 Benefits of Coproduction/Conversion Prolongs the life of the reservoir/field Infrastructure already exists Provides supplemental income Electricity for field use or sold to grid Scalable power plant size Lower capital cost Minimal well workover required Fewer permitting requirement Smaller power plant- binary Moveable as needed Direct Use Application Recompleting wells after field is depleted to resemble geothermal wells or drill new wells entirely Minimized risk from more collected field data- lower exploration cots Offset operational cost Tax incentives Producing electricity from wasted heat Oil/gas can be separated before or after heat exchanger 18

19 Why Geothermal?? Plant Type Capacity Factor (%) Total System Levelized Cost ( /kw-h) Conventional Coal Advanced Coal Advanced Coal w/ CCS Natural Gas-Fired Conv. Combined Cycle Adv. Combine Cycle Advanced CC w/ CCS Conv. Combustion Turbine Adv. Combustion Turbine Advanced Nuclear Wind Wind-- Offshore Solar PV Solar Thermal Geothermal Biomass Hydro Energy Information Administration. Annual Energy Outlook 2011, December 2010, DOE/EIA-0383(2010) 19

20 Why Geothermal?? Emission Nitrogen Oxide Sulfur Dioxide Particulate Matter Carbon Dioxide Coal (lb./mwh) ,191 Geothermal (lb./mwh) Modified from GEA McDonald RI, et al

21 Fairway Field East Texas Dallas Shreveport

22 Field Overview Fairway Field is an oil field covering 28,518 acres (115 km 2 ) in Anderson and Henderson Counties Fairway Field is operated, but not wholly owned, by Hunt Oil Company (Acreage sold to Vanguard Natural Resources) 410 million barrels of Oil (MMBbls) 594 billion cubic feet of gas (BCFG) (Modified from Maione, 2001, as modified from Seni and Jackson, 1983)

23 Geological Units (Modified from Maione, 2001 Fig. 2)

24 Field History and Development Discovery well W. B. Wofford No RRC required 160 acre well spacing Installation of a high pressure gas gathering system RRC approved unitization of the field - Began water and gas pressure maintenance (WAG system) Peak production was at 53,000 barrels of oil per day (BOPD) and 146 million cubic feet of gas per day (MMCFGD) Production decrease 4,000 BOPD and 42 MMCFGD - Increase in gas prices - The field s blowdown scheme was approved Field sold to Vanguard Natural Resources

25 Oil Production (BBLS/Month) Water Production (BBLS/Month) Gas Production (MCF/Month) Water Injection (BBLS/Month) James Woodbine Gas Injection (MCF/Month)

26 Temperature Data High Resolution Temperature Logs High resolution continuous temperature logs Open-hole Logs Bottom-hole Temperatures (Fairway Field) Types of data collected after drilling completion but before the well is lined with pipe and/or casing Examples of open-hole logs include: neutron, density, gamma ray, and sonic logs Temperature data collected from well log headers Open-hole Logs Bottom-hole Temperatures (Railroad Commission) Temperatures from well log headers (Blackwell et. al. 2010) Pressure Survey Bottom-hole Temperatures Maintenance logs to monitor reservoir pressure and temperature Pressure surveys are often performed after well completion and while the field is in production

27 Temperature Comparison

28 Temperature Comparison

29 FJLU 749 Pressure-Fluid-Temperature Correlation Temperature Oil Pressure Gas

30 FJLU 749 Pressure-Fluid-Temperature Correlation Temperature Oil Pressure Gas 15 Injectors 23 Injectors

31 Thermal Recovery Factor The heat in place for the James Limestone 2.65 x 10^18 Joules Total extracted energy from the James Limestone 1.65 x 10^17 Joules The thermal recovery factor for the James Limestone is 6.2% of original heat in place

32 SMU Conference - May 18-20, 2015 Power Plays: Geothermal Energy in Oil and Gas Fields Become a sponsor!

33 Contact Information Ramsey Kweik SMU Geothermal Lab Maria Richards SMU Geothermal Lab Coordinator