Feaures Ballas conrol and half-bridge driver in one IC Transformer-less lamp power sensing Closed-loop lamp power conrol Closed-loop prehea curren conrol Programmable prehea ime Programmable prehea curren Lamp igniion deecion Programmable igniion-o-dim ime 0.5 o 5DC dimming conrol inpu Min and max lamp power adjusmens Programmable minimum frequency Inernal curren sense blanking Descripion Typical Connecion Daa Shee No. PD60194 revc DIMMING BALLAST CONTOL IC Descripion: The I159/I1593 are complee dimming ballas conrollers and 600 half-bridge drivers all in one IC. The archiecure includes phase conrol for ransformer-less lamp power sensing and regulaion which minimizes changes needed o adap non-dimming ballass for dimming. Exernally programmable feaures such as prehea ime and curren, igniion-o-dim ime, and a complee dimming inerface wih minimum and maximum seings provide a high degree of flexibiliy for he ballas design engineer. Proecion from failure of a lamp o srike, filamen failures, hermal overload, or lamp failure during normal operaion, as well as an auomaic resar funcion, have been included in he design. The hear of his conrol IC is a volageconrolled oscillaor wih exernally programmable minimum frequency. The I159/ I1593 are available in boh 16 pin DIP and 16 pin narrow body SOIC packages. + ecified AC Line I159(S) & (PbF) I1593(S) & (PbF) Full lamp faul proecion Brown-ou proecion Auomaic resar Micro-power sarup Zener clamped cc Over-emperaure proecion 16-pin DIP and SOIC package ypes Packages 16 Lead SOIC (narrow body) 16 Lead PDIP + DC Bus DC AC PULL-UP Single Lamp Dimmable C DC 1 DC HO 16 C CO CO S 15 C PH 3 CPH B 14 0.5 o 5DC DIM 4 DIM CC 13 MAX 5 MAX COM 1 MIN 6 MIN LO 11 FMIN 7 FMIN 10 IPH 8 9 IPH SD - DC Bus www.irf.com 1
Absolue Maximum aings Absolue maximum raings indicae susained limis beyond which damage o he device may occur. All volage parameers are absolue volages referenced o COM, all currens are defined posiive ino any lead. The hermal resisance and power dissipaion raings are measured under board mouned and sill air condiions. Symbol Definiion Min. Max. Unis B High side floaing supply volage -0.3 65 S High side floaing supply offse volage B - 5 B + 5 HO High side floaing oupu volage S - 0.3 B + 0.3 LO Low side oupu volage -0.3 CC + 0.3 I OMAX Maximum allowable oupu curren (eiher oupu) -500 500 due o exernal power ransisor miller effec CO olage conrolled oscillaor inpu volage -0.3 6.0 I CPH CPH curren -5 5 ma IPH IPH volage -0.3 5.5 DIM Dimming conrol pin inpu volage -0.3 5.5 MAX Maximum lamp power seing pin inpu volage -0.3 5.5 MIN Minimum lamp power seing pin inpu volage -0.3 5.5 Curren sense inpu volage -0.3 5.5 I SD Shudown pin curren -5 5 I CC Supply curren (noe 1) 5 d/d Allowable offse volage slew rae -50 50 /ns P D h JA Package power dissipaion @ T A +5 C Thermal resisance, juncion o ambien (16 pin DIP) (16 pin DIP) 1.60 75 P D = (T JMAX -T A )/h JA (16 pin SOIC) (16 pin SOIC) 1.5 115 W C/W T J Juncion emperaure -55 150 T S Sorage emperaure -55 150 T L Lead emperaure (soldering, 10 seconds) 300 o C ma ma Noe 1: This IC conains a zener clamp srucure beween he chip CC and COM which has a nominal breakdown volage of 15.6 ( CLAMP ). Please noe ha his supply pin should no be driven by a DC, low impedance power source greaer han he diode clamp volage ( CLAMP ) as specified in he Elecrical Characerisics secion. www.irf.com
ecommended Operaing Condiions For proper operaion he device should be used wihin he recommended condiions. Symbol Definiion Min. Max. Unis BS High side floaing supply volage CC - 0.7 CLAMP S Seady sae high side floaing supply offse volage -1 600 CC Supply volage CCU+ CLAMP (15.6) I CC Supply curren noe 10 ma CO CO pin volage 0 5 DIM DIM pin volage 0.5 5.0 MAX MAX pin curren (noe 3) -750 0 µa MIN MIN pin volage 1 3 BSMIN Minimum required BS volage for proper HO funcionaliy 5 FMIN Minimum frequency seing resisance 10 100 kω I SD Shudown pin curren -1 1 I Curren sensing pin curren -1 1 T J Juncion emperaure -40 15 ma o C Noe : Noe 3: Enough curren should be supplied ino he CC lead o keep he inernal 15.6 zener clamp diode on his lead regulaing is volage, CLAMP. The MAX lead is a volage-conrolled curren source. For opimum dim inerface curren mirror performance, his curren should be kep beween 0 and 750µA. Elecrical Characerisics CC = BS = BIAS = 14 +/- 0.5, = 0.5, SD = 0.0, FMIN = 40k, C CO = 10 nf, DIM = 0.0, MAX = 33k, MIN = 56k, CPH = 0.0, C LO,HO = 1000pF, T A = 5 o C unless oherwise specified. Symbol Definiion Min. Typ. Max. Unis Tes Condiions Supply Characerisics CCU+ CC supply undervolage posiive going 1.0 1.5 13.0 hreshold CCHYS CC supply undervolage lockou hyseresis 1.5 1.6 1.7 I QCCU ULO mode quiescen curren 70 00 330 CC = 10 I QCCFLT Faul-mode quiescen curren 40 µa SD=5, =, or Tj > TSD I CCFMIN CC supply curren @ FMIN (I159) 5.6 CO = 0 I CCFMAX CC supply curren @ FMAX (I159) 6.0 ma CO = 5 I CCFMIN CC supply curren @ FMIN (I1593) 5.4 CO = 0 I CCFMAX CC supply curren @ FMAX (I1593) 6.8 CO = 5 CLAMP CC zener shun clamp volage 14.5 15.6 16.5 I CC = 10mA www.irf.com 3
Elecrical Characerisics (con.) CC = BS = BIAS = 14 +/- 0.5, = 0.5, SD = 0.0, FMIN = 40k, C CO = 10 nf, DIM = 0.0, MAX = 33k, MIN = 56k, TPH = 0.0, C LO,HO = 1000pF, T A = 5 o C unless oherwise specified. Symbol Definiion Min. Typ. Max. Unis Tes Condiions Floaing Supply Characerisics I BSFMIN BS supply curren (low freq.) 0 CO = 0 I BSFMAX BS supply curren (high freq.) 30 µa CO = 5 I LK Offse supply leakage curren 50 B = S = 600 Oscillaor I/O Characerisics fvco CO frequency range (I159) 15 18 CO=0, FMIN=40KΩ (See graph 11) 73 95 108 CO=5, FMIN=40KΩ fvco CO frequency range (I1593) 30 khz CO=0, FMIN=40KΩ (See graph 1) 30 CO=5, FMIN=40KΩ d Gae drive oupus duy cycle 50 % CO =.5 COFLT Faul-mode CO pin volage (ULO, 5 shudown, over-curren/emp.) ICOPH Prehea mode CO pin discharge curren 1.0 CPH=.5, IPH=0.5 ICODIM Dim mode CO pin discharge curren 16.0 CO=.5, CPH=5.5, µa IPH=0.5, 1 Pulse a ICOPK Ampliude conrol CO pin charging curren 60 µa CPH =0, =1, IPH =0.5, CO =.5 DTLO LO oupu deadime (I159) 1.8 DTHO HO oupu deadime (I159) 1.8 µs CO=0, MIN =1.5, DTLO LO oupu deadime (I1593) 1.0 IPH =0.5 DTHO HO oupu deadime (I1593) 1.0 Gae Driver Oupu Characerisics r Turn-on rise ime 48.5 10 180 f Turn-off fall ime 4.5 65 145 ns 4 www.irf.com
Elecrical Characerisics (con.) CC = BS = BIAS = 14 +/- 0.5, = 0.5, SD = 0.0, FMIN = 40k, C CO = 10 nf, DIM = 0.0, MAX = 33k, MIN = 56k, TPH = 0.0, C LO,HO = 1000pF, T A = 5 o C unless oherwise specified. Symbol Definiion Min. Typ. Max. Unis Tes Condiions Prehea Characerisics ICPH CPH pin charging curren 0.8 1.3.1 µa CPH=DIM=4.7, =1.0 CPHIGN CPH pin igniion mode hreshold volage 4.3 5.0 5.7 =.0 CPHCLMP CPH pin clamp volage 10 =DIM=IPH=0 IIPH IPH pin DC source curren 5 µa CPH=DIM=4.7, IIPH=1/FMIN THPH Peak prehea curren regulaion hreshold 0.7 IPH=7K, MIN=0, CPH=0, TH = (IIPH) x (IPH) CPHFLT CPH pin volage during ULO or faul 0.0 SD = 5, or =, or Tj > TSD Igniion Deecion I IPHIGN+ IPH source curren (cs rising) 30 =0, IPH=18K, µa CPH>5.1 I IPHIGN- IPH source curren (cs falling) 7.5 =1.0, CPH>5.1 Proecion Characerisics SDTH+ ising shudown pin hreshold volage 1.6.0.6 CPH =IPH=0 TH Peak over curren hreshold 1. 1.6 1.9 CPH < 5 DCTH+ ising DC pin hreshold volage 5.1 CPH==SD=0 SDHYS SD hreshold hyseresis 150 m CPH =IPH=0 DCHYS DC hreshold hyseresis.1 CPH==SD=0 SDCLMP SD pin clamp volage 7.6 ISD = 100mA T SD Thermal shudown juncion emperaure 165 o C Phase Conrol THZX Zero-crossing hreshold volage 0.0 CPH =5.5,IPH=0.5 Blank Zero-crossing inernal blank ime 91 400 1030 ns CPH =5.5,IPH=0.5 Dimming Inerface DIMOFF DIM pin offse volage 0.5 MINMIN DIM minimum reference volage (MIN pin) 1.0 CPH=5.5,IPH=0.5 MINMAX DIM maximum reference volage (MIN pin) 3.0 CPH =0.5,IPH=0.5 Minimum Frequency Seing FMIN FMIN pin volage during normal operaion 4.6 5.1 6.5 MIN=1.5,IPH=0.5 FMINFLT FMIN pin volage during faul mode 0.0 SD = 5, or =, or Tj > TSD www.irf.com 5
Block Diagram 60uA CC CO 1uA 15uA FB I CT 14 B DC 1 1.0uA S Q Q E LEEL SHIFT PULSE FILTE & LATCH 16 HO 15 S CPH 3 10 DIM 4 5.1 S Q Q EF CT I CT I DT + I CT 5.1 1.0 CT S Q 1 Q T Q Q 400ns DELAY 15.6 13 CC 11 LO 1 COM I DIM FB MAX 5 10 MIN 6 FMIN 7 IPH 8 4/ 0.1/ FMIN FMIN 0.1/ FMIN I DIM /5 I FMIN 1/ FMIN 5.1 1.6 1 0 3 5.1 S Q Q IGN DET UNDE- OLTAGE DETECT Q Q S OE- TEMP DETECT.0 7.6 9 SD Lead Assignmens & Definiions DC CO CPH DIM MAX MIN FMIN IPH Pin Assignmens 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 15 14 13 1 11 10 9 HO S B CC COM LO SD Pin # Symbol Descripion 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 13 14 15 16 DC CO CPH DIM MAX MIN FMIN IPH SD LO COM CC B S HO Line inpu volage deecion olage conrolled oscillaor Inpu Prehea iming inpu 0.5 o 5DC dimming conrol inpu Maximum lamp power seing Minimum lamp power seing Minimum frequency seing Peak prehea curren reference Shudown inpu Curren sensing inpu Low-side gae driver oupu IC power & signal ground Logic & low-side gae driver supply High-side gae driver floaing supply High volage floaing reurn High-side gae driver oupu 6 www.irf.com
Sae Diagram Power Turned On ULO Mode 1/-Bridge Off IQCC=00mA CPH=0 Oscillaor Off SD >.0 (Lamp emoval) or CC < 10.9 (Power Turned Off) CC > 1.5 (U+) and DC > 5.1 (Bus OK) and SD < 1.7 (Lamp OK) and T < 165C (T ) J jmax CC < 10.9 (CC Faul or Power Down) or DC < 3.0 (dc Bus/ac Line Faul or Power Down) or SD >.0 (Lamp Faul or Lamp emoval) FAULT Mode Faul Lach Se 1/-Bridge Off I QCC =40µA CPH=0 CC=15.6 Oscillaor Off T J > 165C (Over-Temperaure) PEHEAT Mode 1/-BridgeOscillaor On PK + IPH (Peak Curren Conrol) CPH Charging@I PH +1µA DIM+Open Circui Over-Curren Disabled > TH (1.6) (Failure o Srike Lamp or Hard Swiching) or T J > 165C (Over-Temperaure) > TH (1.6) (Over-Curren or Hard Swiching) or T J > 165C (Over-Temperaure) > IPH (enable igniion deecion) hen < IPH (igniion deeced) IGNITION Mode f PH ramps o fmin CPH Charging@I PH +1µA DIM=Open Circui Over-Curren Enabled CPH > 5.1 (End of PEHEAT Mode) DIM Mode Phase =Phase EF DIM=CPH Over-Curren Enabled www.irf.com 7
Timing Diagram Non-srike faul condiion wih lamp exchange CC DCTH- 15.6 ULO+ ULO- DC DCTH+ CPH 5.1 DIM CO 5 f SD 5 HO LO 1.6 IPH ULO PH IGN FLT SD PH IGN DIM ULO 8 www.irf.com
Exernal Componens Selecion Procedure BEGIN (Noe: Please refer o "Typical Connecion" Calculae PULL-UP diagram, page 1) ACTUN ON PULL UP = I QCCU Calculae DC Se AC and DC such ha he volage on pin DC will exceed 5.1 vols a he desired line urn-on volage. DC 5.1 AC = 5.1 1 AC TUN ON TUN ON AC DC AC TUN-ON The minimum operaing frequency mus be lower han f 100% of f IGN (whichever is lower). FMIN also programs I MIN and I IPH, so FMIN mus be se firs. Selec FMIN Use Graph 5 or Graph 6 FMIN f MIN ses he maximum igniion curren which corresponds o he maximum igniion volage across he lamp. Calculae 1.6 = I IGN PK I IGN IGN The volage a pin IPH is he reference for ampliude curren conrol during prehea mode. IPH mus be se afer FMIN. Selec & Calculae IPH Use Graph 8 o find I IPH, hen calculae IPH : IPH I = PH PK I IPH IPH I PH PH During prehea, an inernal 1.3 µa curren source a pin CPH charges exernal capacior CCPH. Prehea mode ends when CPH exceeds 5.1 vols. Calculae C CPH CPH (.6e ) PH C = 7 C CPH PH MIN ses he lower phase boundary corresponding o minimum lamp power when DIM = 0 vols. MIN mus be se afer FMIN. Calculae MIN Find I MIN (Graph 7) Calculae ϕ MIN (Equaions 8 & 9) Find MIN (Graph 9) MIN = I MIN MIN MIN ϕ MIN P LAMP MAX ses he upper phase boundary corresponding o maximum lamp power when DIM = 5 vols. MAX mus be se afer FMIN and MIN. Calculae MAX Use Equaion 15 MAX ϕ MAX P LAMP www.irf.com 9
Characerisic Curves 10 00 100 CO =5 160 CO =5 Frequency (khz) 80 60 40 CO = Frequency (khz) 10 80 CO = 0 CO =0 40 CO =0 0 10 0 30 40 50 60 70 FMIN (KΩ) 0 10 0 30 40 50 60 70 FMIN (KΩ) Graph 1. Frequency vs FMIN (I159) Graph. Frequency vs FMIN (I1593) I MIN ( A) 450 400 350 300 50 00 150 100 50 10 0 30 40 50 60 70 FMIN (KΩ) Graph 3. I MIN vs FMIN (I159/I1593) I IPH ( A) 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 0 10 10 0 30 40 50 60 70 FMIN (KΩ) Graph 4. I IPH vs FMIN (I159/I1593) 10 www.irf.com
0 30 IISI/SI -15-30 -45-60 -75 MIN (KΩ) 5 0 15 10 FMIN=39K FMIN=33K FMIN=7K FMIN=0K FMIN=16K FMIN=10K -90 1 1.5 1.5 1.75.5.5.75 3 5..4.6.8 3 MIN () MIN () Graph 5. ϕ II S / S I vs MIN (I159/I1593) Graph 6. MIN vs MIN 3 150.5 140 130 ICPH µa 1.5 IMIN µa 10 1 110 0.5 100 0-5 0 5 50 75 100 15 90-5 0 5 50 75 100 15 Temperaure C Temperaure C Graph 7. I CPH vs Temperaure (I159/I1593) Graph 8. I MIN vs Temperaure (I159/I1593) www.irf.com 11
40 6 36 5.6 I IPH A 3 8 FMIN () 5. 4.8 4 4.4 0-5 0 5 50 75 100 15 Temperaure C 4-5 0 5 50 75 100 15 Temperaure C Graph 9. I PH vs Temperaure (I159/I1593) Graph 10. FMIN vs Temperaure (I159/I1593) 100 80 CO =5 CO =3 160 10 CO =5 Frequency (KHz) 60 40 0 CO =0 Frequency (KHz) 80 40 CO =3 CO =0 0-5 0 5 50 75 100 15 Temperaure C 0-5 0 5 50 75 100 15 Temperaure C Graph 11. Frequency vs Temperaure (I159) FMIN=39K Graph 1. Frequency vs Temperaure (I1593) FMIN=39K 1 www.irf.com
40 6 36 5.6 IIPH (µa) 3 8 FMIN () 5. 4.8 4 4.4 0-5 0 5 50 75 100 15 4-5 0 5 50 75 100 15 Temperaure C Temperaure C Graph 13. I IPH vs Temperaure (I159/ I1593) Graph 14. FMIN vs Temperaure (I159/ I1593) 3.6 1.6 T DEAD (us). 1.8 T DEAD (us) 1. 0.8 1.4 0.4 1-5 0 5 50 75 100 15 0-5 0 5 50 75 100 15 Temperaure C Temperaure C Graph 15. TDEAD vs Temperaure (I159) Graph 16. TDEAD vs Temperaure (I1593) www.irf.com 13
Phase Conrol Funcional Descripion 0 PH/IGN 10% 400 350 300 To undersand phase conrol, a simplified model for he ballas oupu sage is used (Figure 1). The lamp and filamens are replaced wih resisors, wih he lamp insered beween he filamen resisors (1,, 3 and 4). Magniude [db] 10 0-10 -0 50% 10% 50% 100% PH/IGN 50 00 150 100 50 0 Phase [deg] 100% -50 L 1-30 -100 5 10 15 0 5 30 35 40 45 50 Frequency [khz] in lamp Figure 1, Dimming ballas oupu sage. During prehea and igniion (Figure ), he circui is a high-q series LC wih a srong inpu curren o inpu volage phase inversion from +90 o -90 degrees a he resonance frequency. For operaing frequencies slighly above resonance and higher, he phase is fixed a -90 degrees for he duraion of prehea and igniion. During dimming, he circui is an L in series wih a parallel and C, wih a weak phase inversion a high lamp power and a srong phase inversion a low lamp power. 3 4 C Figure, Typical oupu sage ransfer funcion for differen lamp power levels. In he ime domain (Figure 3), he inpu curren is shifed -90 degrees from he inpu half-bridge volage during prehea and igniion, and somewhere beween 0 and -90 degrees afer igniion during running. Zero phase-shif corresponds o maximum power. 0 in Iinrun Iinph/ign n run n ph/ign Figure 3, Typical ballas oupu sage waveforms. When he phase is calculaed and ploed versus lamp power (Figure 4), he resul is a linear dimming curve, even down o ulra-low ligh levels where he resisance of he lamp can change by orders of magniude. 14 www.irf.com
Phase [degrees] -60.0-65.0-70.0-75.0-80.0-85.0 The sar-up capacior (C1) is charged by curren hrough resisor (1) minus he sar-up curren drawn by he IC. This resisor is ypically chosen o provide X he maximum sar-up curren a low line o guaranee sar-up under he wors case condiion. Once he capacior volage reaches he sar-up hreshold, and, he volage on pin DC is above 5.1 (see Brown-ou Proecion), he IC urns on and HO and LO begin o oscillae. The capacior begins o discharge due o he increase in IC operaing curren (Figure 6). -90.0 0 5 10 15 0 5 30 Lamp Power [Was] C1 C1 DISCHAGE INTENAL CLAMP OLTAGE Figure 4, Lamp power vs. phase of oupu sage. Under-volage Lock-Ou (ULO) The I159/I1593 undervolage lock-ou is designed o mainain an ulra low quiescen curren of less han 00uA, while guaraneeing he IC is fully funcional before he high and low side oupu drivers are acivaed. Figure 5 shows an efficien supply volage using he sar-up curren of he I159/I1593 ogeher wih a charge pump from he ballas oupu sage (1, C1, C, D1 and D). BUS (+) ecified AC Line CDC BUS (-) 3 DC 1 DC HO 16 15 S B 14 13 CC COM 1 11 LO C3 D3 1 C1 D1 Q1 Q Half-Bridge Oupu Figure 5, Typical applicaion of sar-up circuiry. C D ULO+ ULO- HYST 1 & C1 TIME CONSTANT DISCHAGE TIME CHAGE PUMP OUTPUT Figure 6, Sar-up capacior (C1) volage. During he discharge cycle, he recified curren from he charge pump charges he capacior above he minimum operaing volage of he device and he charge pump and inernal 15.6 zener clamp of he IC ake over as he supply volage. The sar-up capacior and snubber capacior mus be seleced such ha wors case IC condiions are saisfied. A boosrap diode (D3) and supply capacior (C3) comprise he supply volage for he high side driver circuiry. To guaranee ha he high-side supply is charged up before he firs pulse on pin HO, he firs pulse from he oupu drivers comes from he LO pin. During ULO, he high and low side driver oupus are low, pin CO is pulled-up inernally o 5 reseing he saring frequency o he maximum, and pin CPH is shor-circuied inernally o COM reseing he prehea ime. www.irf.com 15
Brown-ou Proecion In addiion o he volage on CC being above he sar-up hreshold, pin DC mus also be above 5.1 for HO and LO o begin oscillaing. A volage divider (3,DC) from he recified AC line conneced o pin DC measures he recified AC line inpu volage o he ballas and programs he urn-on and urn-off line volages. A filer capacior (CDC) is also conneced o pin DC ha mus be chosen such ha he ripple is low enough and he lower urn-off hreshold of 3 is no crossed during normal line condiions. This deecion is necessary due o he possibiliy of he lamp exinguishing during low-line condiions before he IC is properly rese. Should a brownou occur, he DC bus can drop o a level below he minimum required for he ank circui o mainain he necessary lamp volage. This deecion will insure a clean urn-off before he DC bus drops oo low and properly reses he IC o he prehea mode when he line reurns. Prehea (PH) The I159/I1593 eners prehea mode when CC exceeds he ULO+ hreshold and DC exceeds 5.1. HO and LO begin o oscillae a he maximum operaing frequency wih 50% duy cycle and a he inernally se dead-ime of us (I159) or 1µs (I1593). Pin CPH is disconneced from COM and an inernal 1uA curren source (Figure 7) charges he exernal iming capacior on CPH linearly. BUS (+) BUS (-) C CO C CPH FMIN IPH CO CPH 3 FMIN 7 IPH 8 60uA 1uA 1uA I FMIN 1/ FMIN 7.6 5.1 CO PH LOGIC Half Bridge Driver I159/I1593 HO 16 S 15 LO 11 10 COM 1 Figure 7, I159/I1593 prehea circuiry. Q Q Half Bridge Oupu I LOAD Load eurn An inernal 1uA curren source slowly discharges he exernal capacior on pin CO and he volage on pin CO begins o decrease. This decreases he frequency, which, for operaing frequencies above resonance, increases he load curren. When he peak volage measured on pin, produced by a porion of he load curren flowing hrough an exernal sense resisor (), exceeds he volage level on pin IPH, a 60uA inernal curren source is conneced o pin CO and he capacior charges (Figure 8). This forces he frequency o increase and he load curren o decrease. When he volage on pin decreases below he volge on pin IPH, he 60uA curren source is disconneced and he frequency decreases again. 16 www.irf.com
HO BUS (+) LO S CO CO HO 16 Q IPH C CO CPH 3 C CPH 1uA 1uA 7.6 PH LOGIC Half Bridge Driver S 15 LO 11 Q Half Bridge Oupu I LOAD 0.5 o 5 DIM 4 DIM INTEFACE DIM FAULT LOGIC 1.6 10 I CCO PHASE CONTOL COM 1 60uA I159/I1593 Load eurn BUS (-) -1uA Figure 9, I159/I1593 igniion circuiry. CCO Figure 8, Peak load curren regulaion iming diagram. This feedback keeps he peak prehea curren regulaed o he user-programmable seing on pin IPH for he duraion of he prehea ime. An inernal curren source conneced o an exernal resisor on pin IPH ses a volage reference for he peak pre-hea curren. The pre-hea ime coninues unil he volage on pin CPH exceeds 5. Igniion (IGN) The I159/I1593 eners igniion mode when he volage on pin CPH exceeds 5. The peak curren regulaion reference volage is disconneced from he user-programmable seing on pin IPH and is conneced o a higher inernal hreshold of 1.6 (Figure 9). The igniion ramp is hen iniiaed as he capacior on pin CO discharges linearly hrough an inernal 1uA curren source. The frequency decreases linearly owards he resonance frequency of he high-q ballas oupu sage, causing he lamp volage and load curren o increase (Figure 10). The frequency coninues o decrease unil he lamp ignies or he curren limi of he I159/I1593 is reached. If he curren limi is reached, he I159/I1593 eners FAULT mode. The 1.6 hreshold ogeher wih he exernal curren sensing resisor on pin deermine he maximum allowable peak igniion curren (and herefore peak igniion volage) of he ballas oupu sage. The peak igniion curren mus no exceed he maximum allowable curren raings of he oupu sage MOSFETs or IGBTs, and, he resonan inducor mus no saurae a any ime. To preven a "flash" across he lamp during igniion a low dim seings, an igniion deecion www.irf.com 17
circui measures he volage a he pin and compares i agains he volage a he IPH pin. During he rising igniion ramp, he volage a he IPH pin is increased o 0% above is value load curren is regulaed agains he user conrol inpu on pin DIM. To conrol he rae a which he dim seing changes from maximum brighness o he user seing (IGN-TO-DIM ime, Figure 11), CPH 5.1 IPH + 0% IPH + 10% DIM & C TPH TIME CONSTANT IPH DIM CO IGN-TO-DIM TIME PH IGN DIM PH IGN DIM Figure 10, I159/I1593 igniion deecion. during prehea mode. When he volage on he pin exceeds his volage, he volage on he IPH pin is decreased o IPH Pre-Hea +10% and he igniion deecion circui is hen acive (See Figure 10). When he lamp ignies, he volage on he pin will hen fall below he volage on he IPH pin and he IC eners DIM Mode and he phase conrol loop is closed. In order for he igniion deecion circui o funcion properly and for he IC o ener DIM mode, he volage on he pin mus firs rise above IPH Pre-Hea + 0% during he igniion ramp o acivae he circui, and hen decrease below IPH Pre-Hea +10% when he lamp ignies. Igniion-o-Dim (IGN-o-DIM) When he I159/I1593 eners dim mode, he phase conrol loop is closed and he phase of he Figure 11, I159/I1593 igniion iming diagram. pin DIM is conneced inernally o pin CPH when he I159/I1593 eners DIM mode. The resisor on pin DIM (DIM) discharges he capacior on pin CPH down o he user dim seing. The resisor can be seleced for a fas ime consan o minimize he amoun of flash visible over he lamp jus afer igniion, or, a long ime consan such ha he brighness ramps down smoohly o he user seing. Should he igniion-o-dim ime be oo fas, however, he loop can respond faser han he ionizaion consan of he lamp (milliseconds) causing he CO o over-shoo. This can resul in a frequency ha is higher han he minimum brighness frequency and can exinguish he lamp. The capacior on pin CPH serves muliple funcions by seing he prehea ime, he ravel rae jus afer igniion (ogeher wih resisor DIM), and, serving as a filer capacior on pin 18 www.irf.com
DIM during dimming o increase high-frequency noise immuniy and minimize componen coun. Dimming (DIM) To regulae lamp power, he error beween he reference phase and he phase of he oupu sage curren forces he CO o seer he frequency in he proper direcion, as deermined by he ransfer funcion of he oupu sage, such ha he error is forced o zero. An inernal 15uA curren source is conneced o pin CO during dimming mode (Figure 1) o discharge he CO capacior and decrease he frequency owards lock. LO ν EF ν FB ν E CO BUS (+) CC I159 0.5 o 5 BUS (-) FB CO 16uA C CO CPH 3 C CPH 7.6 DIM 4 DIM MAX 5 MAX MIN 6 MIN CO DIM INTEFACE FAULT LOGIC PHASE CONTOL Half Bridge Driver 1.6 HO 16 S 15 LO 11 10 COM 1 Q Q Half Bridge Oupu I LOAD Load eurn Figure 13, Phase conrol iming diagram. The I159/I1593 includes a dimming inerface for analog lamp power conrol. The DIM pin inpu requires a volage in he range of 0.5 o 5DC, wih 5 corresponding o minimum phase shif (maximum lamp power). The oupu of he dim inerface is he volage on pin MIN, which is compared wih he inernal iming capacior (CT) volage o produce a frequencyindependen digial reference phase (Figure 14). Figure 1, I159/I1593 dimming circuiry. Once lock is achieved, he phase deecor (PDET) oupus shor pulses o an open-drain PMOS ha charges he CO capacior hrough an inernal resisor (FB) each ime an error pulse occurs (Figure 13). This acion "nudges" he inegraor a he inpu of he CO o keep he phase of he oupu sage curren exacly locked in phase wih he reference. www.irf.com 19
MIN 5 deecion comparaor for 400ns afer LO goes 'high' (Figure 16). CT 3 MIN MAX BUS (+) I159 1 0 USE 0.5 SETTING 5 DIM LO DIM ANGE Half Bridge Driver HO 16 S 15 Q Half Bridge Oupu I LOAD ν EF LO 11 Q 0Ε -90Ε -180Ε Figure 14, Dimming inerface The charging ime of CT from 1 o 5.1 deermines he on-ime of oupu gae drivers HO and LO and corresponds o -180 degrees of possible phase shif in load curren (minus deadime). For he 0 o -90 degree dim range, he volage on pin MIN is bounded beween 1 and 3 using pins MIN and MAX. An exernal resisor on pin MAX programs he minimum phase shif reference (maximum lamp power) corresponding o 5 on pin DIM, and an exernal resisor on pin MIN ses he maximum phase shif (minimum lamp power) corresponding o 0.5 on pin DIM. Curren Sensing During dimming, he curren sensing circuiry (Figure 15) deecs over-curren which can occur during hard-swiching (see Faul secion), and zero-crossing o measure he phase of he oal load curren. To rejec any swiching noise which can occur a he urn-on of he low-side MOSFET or IGBT, a digial curren sense blanking circui blanks ou he signal from he zero-crossing ν BUS (-) PHASE CONTOL 400ns BLANK FAULT LOGIC 1.6 10 COM 1 Figure 15, Curren sensing circuiry. 1 Load eurn The inernal blank ime reduces he dimming range slighly (Figure 16) when operaing a minimum phase shif (maximum lamp power). The exernal programming resisor on pin MAX mus be seleced such ha he minimum phase shif is se a safe margin away from he blank ime. A series resisor (1) is required o limi he amoun of curren flowing ou of pin when he volage across goes below -0.7. A filer capacior a pin may be required due o oher possible asynchronous noise sources presen in he ballas sysem. 0 www.irf.com
LO Swiching Noise Should he peak volage on pin exceed 1.6 a any ime during dimming, he I159/I1593 eners FAULT mode and he high and low-side driver oupus, HO and LO, are boh urned off. Cycling he supply volage on CC below ULOor he volage on pin SD above and below SD+ and SD- will rese he I159/I1593 o prehea (PH) mode (see STATE DIAGAM). ϑ BLANK Dimming ange Lamp equiremens Ballas Design Faul Mode (FAULT) During dimming, he peak curren regulaion circui acive during prehea and igniion is disabled. Should non-zero volage swiching a he oupu of he half-bridge occur (Figure 17), high curren spikes will resul. A lamp filamen failure, lamp end-of-life, lamp removal, or a deadime shorer han wha is required for commuaion, can all cause hard-swiching. HO LO S 1.6 Figure 16, Curren sense iming diagram. LOAD EMOAL Before selecing componen values for he ballas oupu sage and he programmable inpus of he I159/I1593, he following lamp requiremens mus firs be defined: ariable Descripion Unis Filamen pre-hea curren Arms I ph Filamen pre-hea ime s ph ph max ign P 100% 100% P 1% 1% I Cah min Maximum lamp pre-hea volage Lamp igniion volage Lamp power a 100% brighness Lamp volage a 100% brighness Lamp power a 1% brighness Lamp volage a 1% brighness Minimum cahode heaing curren pp pp W pp W pp Arms Table I, Typical lamp requiremens NOMAL OPEATION HAD SWITCHING FAULT Figure 17, hard-swiching wih lach off www.irf.com 1
Ballas Oupu Sage The componens comprising he oupu sage are seleced using a se of equaions. Differen ballas operaing frequencies and heir respecive volages and currens are calculaed. The inducor and capacior values are obained using equaions () hrough (7). The resuls of hese equaions reveal he locaion of each operaing frequency and he corresponding volages and currens. For a given L, C, DC bus volage, and pre-hea curren, he resuling volage over he lamp during pre-hea is given as: ph The resuling operaing frequency during pre-hea is given as: f ph I ph = [Hz] (3) πc ph The resuling operaing frequency during igniion is given as: f DC 8L DC = + I ph () π C π ign 4 π DC 1+ 1 ign = [Hz] (4) π LC The oal load curren during igniion is given as: Iign = figncignπ [App] (5) 1 The operaing frequency [Hz] a maximum lamp power is given as: f 100% = 1 π The cahode heaing curren a minimum lamp power is given as: I Cah 1% Design Consrains 1% f1% πc = (7) The inducor and capacior values should be ieraed unil he following design consrains have been fulfilled (Table II). Design Consrain ph < ph max eason Igniion during prehea f f >5 khz Producion olerances ph 1 3P LC 100% 4 C 100 % ign Iign < Iign max 1 3 + LC C P 100% 4 100% 4 DC 1 100% π LC Inducor sauraion ICah I Lamp exinguishing 1% Cahmin during dimming Table II, Ballas design consrains I159/I1593 Programmable Inpus In order o program he MIN and MAX seings of he dimming inerface, he phase of he oupu sage curren a minimum and maximum lamp power mus be calculaed. This is obained using he following equaions: (6) www.irf.com
f % = 1 π 1 3P + LC C % 4 % 1 3P % 4 LC C % 4 DC 1 % π LC (8) 180 1 % P% % 3 ϕ an [( ) 4 3 % = C L πf % LCπ f% ] (9) π P P % % Wih he lamp requiremens defined, he L and C of he ballas oupu sage seleced, and he minimum and maximum phase calculaed, he componen values for seing he programmable inpus of he I159/I1593 are obained wih he following equaions: FMIN (5e 6) ( f MIN 10000) (1e 10) = ( f MIN 10000) (e 14) [Ohms] (10) (1.6) = [Ohms] (11) I ign = I [Ohms] (1) IPH FMIN ph % C CPH =.6E 7)( ) [Farads] (13) ( PH = FMIN ϕ 1 1% MIN 4 45 [Ohms] (14) MAX 0.86 = 4 MIN FMIN FMIN 1 MIN ϕ 100% 45 [Ohms] (15) www.irf.com 3
This ballas design procedure has been summarized ino he following 3 seps: Define Lamp equiremens Ierae L and C o fulfill consrains Calculae I159/I1593 Programmable Inpus Figure 19, Simplified Ballas Design Procedure 4 www.irf.com
Case ouline 16 Lead PDIP 01-6015 01-3065 00 (MS-001A) 16 -Lead SOIC (narrow body) 01-6018 01-3064 00 (MS-01AC) www.irf.com 5
LEADFEE PAT MAKING INFOMATION Par number Ixxxxxx Dae code YWW? I logo Pin 1 Idenifier? MAKING CODE P Lead Free eleased Non-Lead Free eleased?xxxx Lo Code (Prod mode - 4 digi SPN code) Assembly sie code ODE INFOMATION Basic Par (Non-Lead Free) 16-Lead PDIP I159 order I159 16-Lead SOIC I159S order I159S 16-Lead PDIP I1593 order I1593 16-Lead SOIC I1593S order I1593S Leadfree Par 16-Lead PDIP I159 order I159PbF 16-Lead SOIC I159S order I159SPbF 16-Lead PDIP I1593 order I1593PbF 16-Lead SOIC I1593S order I1593SPbF I WOLD HEADQUATES: 33 Kansas S., El Segundo, California 9045 Tel: (310) 5-7105 Daa and specificaions subjec o change wihou noice. This produc has been designed and qualfied for he indusrial marke. 5/5/005 6 www.irf.com