What makes clean vehicles interesting ten years of experience in promoting clean vehicles Fredrik Högberg Project manager, Clean Vehicles in Götebg, City of Götebg www.miljofdon.se fredrik.hogberg@trafikkontet.gotebg.se
Clean Vehicles Campaign Started Environmental Demands on Construction Machinery Environmental Demands Buses Environmental Zone f Heavy Duty Vehicles Starting market A few clean vehicle models were introduced A few filling stations were established No market activities among car dealers 1993 1996 1998 1999 Low awareness among car buyers
Five partners in the project Energy, Vehicles, Recycling, Environment and Transpt Steering committee (4 times/year) - Strategy Wking group (8 times/year) - Operational Project leader Gatubolaget Gatubolaget Fleet Fleet services services Götebg Götebg Energi Energi Energy Energy Traffic Traffic & & Public Public Transpt Transpt Authity Authity Renova Renova Recycling Recycling Miljöförvaltning Miljöförvaltning Environment Environment
Definition of 1998 Clean vehicle is a light passenger car with: Alternative Fuels (methane, ethanol, biodiesel/rapeseed oil.) Electric Mot Hybrid Technology Definition of 2000 - Light Passenger Cars Alternative Fuels (minimum 50% with the alternative) Electric Mot Hybrid Technology Petrol cars max. 90 g CO2/km (=3,8 litres/100 km) Diesel cars max. 90 g CO2/km (=3,4 litres/100 km) - All diesel cars should meet the Euro IV-level Definition - Light Passenger Cars, Light Duty Vehicles (2002) Alternative Fuels except LPG (pass. car max. 190g fossil CO2/km with alternative fuel) Electricity / Fuel Cell Technology Hybrid Technology (min. 25% of energy from electric engine. Pass. car max. 190g fossil CO2/km ) Diesel cars max. 90 g CO2/km (~3,4 litres/100 km) Petrol cars max. 120 g CO2/km (~5,0 litres/100 km) All vehicles shall meet Euro IV-level
Current Clean vehicle definition Clean vehicle definition, revised 2007 Alternative fuels, except LPG (max. 190g fossil CO2/km with alt. fuel) Electric mot/ Fuel cell (Max. 37 kwh/100 km) HEV (Max. 120g fossil CO2/km ) Diesel max. 120 g CO2/km (~4,5 litre/100 km) env.classification 2005 + particulate filter Petrol max. 120 g CO2/km (~5,0 litre/100 km) All vehicles must make Euro IV-level From 2009-07-01 clean vehicles are not allowed to use studded tires
Aim Increase the use of Clean Vehicles in Götebg Target to 2008 90% clean vehicles in the City of Götebg s fleet (85% today) 5% clean vehicles of all new cars sold in Götebg (35% today i.e the target is reached) Self-running market (Target reached)
Bi-fuel (CNG natural gas/biogas + petrol) FlexiFuel (ethanol E85 + petrol) HEV Hybrid electric vehicles Low consumers
What do we use the definition f Policy f Vehicle Procurements Local Parking Benefits Communication with Companies and the Public Local Taxi Bays
2008 Clean vehicles 2000-2008 Heavy CNG 129 20000 EV:s 19 18000 HEV:s 799 16000 CNG cars 2872 14000 Low consumers E85 Total 6604 8032 18455 12000 10000 8000 6000 E85 Low consumers CNG cars HEV:s EV:s Heavy CNG 4000 2000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
National level No national definition today The taxable benefit values are lower f clean vehicles: methane-, ethanol-, electricity-, hybrid cars Local definitions Stockholm, Malmö, Östersund - Same as Götebg Some cities with local biogas production - Biogas cars
Results Knowledge and interest 85 % of City of Gotebg's fleet (1748 vehicles) Me clean vehicles on the streets in Götebg (18000+ vehicles) Me alternative fuel stations in Götebg (+50) Me clean vehicle models on the Swedish market (~300)
Götebg, Stockholm & Malmö runs this website together www.miljöfdon.se The mission of the site is to present facts about vehicles, fuels and rules in an impartial manner. Making it easier f the buyer to decide on buying a clean vehicle!
Number of clean Vehicles in the municipality of Götebg Share 2009: 85% 2000 1800 1600 Share 2008: 81% Share 2007: 73% 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 500 650 800 800 900 1000 1333 1554 1748 1849 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Type of clean vehicle 13% 1% Trend now: 14% CNG HEV -Fewer CNG - Me Low consumers 6% 66% Ethanol E85 Low consumers EV
Greenhouse gas emissions from Municipality s fleet, ton CO2 equivalents per year 4500 Decrease of emissions due to clean vehicles (approx.) 1100 Reduction greenhouse gas 25%
Some conclusions 5-10 years was enough to educate this local market Dealers me imptant than first thought National incentives and taxes most imptant Easier to subsidise than tax-regulate, but how wise?
Clean Vehicles in Götebg Environmental Zone f Heavy Duty Vehicles Since 1996, expanded 2007 25 km2 Diesel Engine, > 3,5 metric ton Not older then 8 years Exemptions f Clean Vehicles & vehicles equipped with approved after treatment device
percent 98 97 96 95 94 Within the enviromental zone % authized vehicles Measures from 5 spots Only heavy trucks No feign registered vehicles Average value 96,7 % 93 92 91 90 År 2002 År 2003 År 2004 År 2005 År 2006 År 2007 År 2008 År 2009 year
94 92 90 88 86 Percent 84 82 80 78 76 Outside the environmental zone % authized vehicles 74 År 2003 År 2004 År 2005 År 2006 År 2007 År 2008 År 2009 Year Measures from 5 spots Only heavy trucks No feign registered vehicles Average value is 88,3 %
Reduction of emissions 3,6 % reduction of Carbon monoxide (CO) 6,1 % reduction of Hydrocarbons (HC) 7,8 % reduction of Nitrous oxide (NOx) 33,2 % reduction of Particle (PM)
Further wk A revised national definition Compliance with EU? Lobbying towards reducing taxes on renewable fuels Logistic cooperation Incentives f heavy vehicles: Locally & nationally. Telematics EV PHEV