Stormwater treatment. Issue 5

Stormwater treatment Issue 5

Photo courtesy of the Geological and Environmental Remote Sensing Laboratory of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez.

Contents Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) 2 Improving stormwater quality 3 Pollutant removal 3 Primary treatment 4 HumeGard Gross Pollutant Trap 4 System operation 5 Independent verification testing 5 Options 6 Design information 7 Installation 7 Maintenance 7 Secondary treatment 8 HumeCeptor hydrodynamic separator 8 System operation 9 Independent verification testing 10 Options 10 Design information 13 Installation 13 Maintenance 13 Tertiary treatment 14 JellyFish filter 14 System operation 15 Options 17 Performance 18 Design information 18 Installation 18 Maintenance 18 References 18 Contact information 19

Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) Top: WSUD in practice Originating in the early 1990 s, Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) was proposed as a method of designing urban developments to encompass all aspects of the urban water cycle. It aimed to integrate the stormwater, potable (drinking) water, and wastewater cycles to minimise the adverse impact of development. Principles of WSUD are continually being refined, yet generally include the following: protect existing natural features and ecological processes integrate public open spaces with stormwater drainage corridors maintain natural hydrologic behavior of catchments and preserve the natural water cycle protect water quality environmental values of surface and groundwater minimise demand on the reticulated water supply system and utilise stormwater as a valued resource minimise capital and maintenance costs of stormwater infrastructure and minimise sewage discharges to the natural environment integrate water into the landscape to enhance visual, social, cultural and ecological values. Source: Dept. of Environment Resources and Management 2010. For Humes and its parent company, Holcim Ltd, sustainable development is a key priority. Our stormwater treatment products demonstrate our commitment to protecting the environment. 2 Stormwater treatment

Improving stormwater quality Stormwater runoff from urban areas has been shown to contain a wide variety of pollutants from both natural and man-made sources, with key contaminants including: sediment/suspended solids litter nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) heavy metals pesticides hydrocarbons (oil and grease) micro-biological organisms. To minimise the impact of pollutants on receiving waterways many authorities have now set specific Water Quality Objectives (WQO) for the treatment of stormwater runoff from new developments. Due to the complexity and variability of stormwater runoff, and climatic changes across Australia, many authorities have different WQO with load reductions of 80% Total Suspended Solids (TSS), 50% Total Nitrogen (TN), and 50% Total Phosphorous (TP) typical. Model for Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualisation (MUSIC) MUSIC software was developed as an assessment tool for designers and authorities to identify appropriate stormwater treatment measures to achieve the above WQO for new urban development proposals. Pollutant removal Treatment trains To effectively treat stormwater runoff, it is necessary to utilise different treatment processes to target different pollutants; the combination of which is typically referred to as a treatment train. Figure 1 demonstrates how specific pollutants must be targeted by higher level treatment measures and how it is helpful to separate them into primary, secondary, and tertiary categories. Stormwater treatment Figure 1 Treatment measure selection guide Table 2 (adapted Volume filter from Ecological selectionengineering 2003) Particle size grading Treatment measures Hydraulic loading (Q des /A facility ) Gross solids >5,000 µm 1,000,000 m/yr 100,000 m/yr Coarse to medium sized particulates 5,000 µm - 125 µm 50,000 m/yr 5,000 m/yr Fine particulates 125 µm - 10 µm 2,500 m/yr 1,000 m/yr Very fine/colloidal particulates 10 µm - 0.45 µm 500 m/yr 50 m/yr Dissolved particles < 0.45 µm 10 m/yr Primary Secondary Tertiary Stormwater treatment 3

Primary treatment HumeGard Gross Pollutant Trap The HumeGard system is a Gross Pollutant Trap (GPT) that is specifically designed to remove gross pollutants and coarse sediments 150 microns, from stormwater runoff. A wide range of models are available to provide solutions for normal and super-critical flow conditions. The patented HumeGard GPT incorporates a unique floating boom and bypass chamber to enable the continued capture of floating material, even during peak flows. The configuration also prevents re-suspension and release of trapped materials during subsequent storm events. The HumeGard GPT is designed for residential and commercial developments where litter and sediment are the target pollutants. It is particularly useful in retrofit applications or drainage systems on flat grades where low head loss requirements are critical, and in high backwater situations. The value of the HumeGard GPT has proven it to be one of the most successful treatment devices in Australia today: The system provides high performance with negligible head loss The HumeGard GPT has a head loss k factor of 0.2, important for retrofit and surcharging systems. It captures and stores a large volume of pollutants For pollutant export rates reported by Australia Runoff Quality (1 m 3 /hectare/year), the HumeGard GPT is sized for maintenance intervals up to annual durations. It uses independently proven technology The system was developed and tested by Swinburne University of Technology, Australia, in 1998, to demonstrate compliance with operational criteria from the Victorian EPA. It has low operational velocities Flow velocity in the storage chamber is <0.2 m/s to ensure the comb self-cleans and improves settling of coarse sediment. It retains floating material even in bypass All GPTs bypass at high flows. The patented floating boom will capture and retain floating materials even when bypass occurs. It provides cost effective treatment for litter and coarse sediments The system s large capacity and long maintenance intervals reduces the overall lifecycle costs in comparison with other treatment measures. It can reduce the footprint of the stormwater treatment train Installation of a HumeGard GPT prior to vegetated treatment measures can assist in reducing their overall footprint. It maximises above ground land use The HumeGard GPT is a fully trafficable solution, so it can be installed under pavements and hardstands to maximise land use on constrained sites. It is easy to maintain Cleanout of the HumeGard GPT can be performed safely and effectively from the surface using a vacuum truck. It is made from quality componentry All internal metal components are made from 304 stainless steel or fibreglass, and the system undergoes rigorous quality control prior to dispatch. 4 Stormwater treatment

System operation Figure 2 HumeGard system operation during design flow conditions Stormwater treatment The HumeGard GPT utilises the processes of physical filtration and floatation/sedimentation to separate the litter and coarse sediment from stormwater runoff. It incorporates an upper bypass chamber diverting treatable flows via a floating boom (refer to Figure 2), and a lower treatment chamber for settling and filtering coarse pollutants from the flow. For more details on the operation of the HumeGard GPT refer to the technical manual. Independent verification testing Laboratory and field testing of the HumeGard GPT for hydraulic performance and litter capture was conducted in Australia by Swinburne University of Technology, during 1996 and 1998. Laboratory and field testing (Waste Management Council of Victoria 1998, Trinh 2007, Woods 2005, Swinburne University of Technology 2000) has proven the performance outlined in Table 1 below. Further field testing was conducted by the University of the Sunshine Coast from 2013 to 2015 to determine TSS, TP and TN removal efficiencies, which are also outlined in Table 1 below. Table 1 HumeGard GPT performance summary Pollutant Removal efficiency Details Gross pollutants (litter, vegetation) 90% Annually TSS 41% Annually (including bypass) Hydrocarbons 90% In an emergency spill event TP 34% Particulate-bound TN 24% Particulate-bound Notes: 1. Nutrient removal is influenced by individual catchment characteristics and partitioning between dissolved and particulate nitrogen. 2. For further details on performance testing contact Humes Water Solutions. 3. Gross pollutant traps are not specifically designed to capture hydrocarbons, though may do so during emergency spill events. When this occurs, maintenance is required immediately. 4. The unique design of the HumeGard floating boom allows it to be modified to treat higher flows and capture more gross pollutants and sediment on request. Stormwater treatment 5

Options A wide range of sizes are available to suit catchment pollutant generation rates and Water Quality Objectives (WQO). Table 2 below presents the standard units, their dimensions and the total storage volume. We recommend that designers contact Humes for detailed sizing on each project and for advice with larger units. Angled HumeGard GPT designed to replace a 45 or 90 junction in a drainage network. Dual outlet HumeGard GPT designed to divert the Q 3mth to downstream natural Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) elements such as wetlands and bio-retention whilst bypassing excess flows through a second outlet. Inundated applications the HumeGard GPT can be modified to accommodate temporary and permanent inundation of the drainage network. Variants A number of additional innovations have been made to the HumeGard GPT to facilitate their effective operation in a wider range of applications: For more details on the variants and their application refer to the HumeGard GPT technical manual. Super-critical HumeGard GPT designed to operate under supercritical flow conditions in steep, high velocity drainage networks. Table 2 HumeGard model range and dimensions HumeGard model Pipe diameter or box culvert width (mm) Width (m) Length (m) Depth from pipe invert (m) Total pollutant capacity (m 3 ) HG12 300-375 1.8 2.0 1.39 2.0 HG15 450-525 1.8 2.0 1.36 2.0 HG18 525-675 2.0 2.1 1.10 2.5 HG24 600-825 2.7 2.5 1.70 6.8 HG27 750 3.0 2.5 1.60 6.7 HG30 750-900 3.4 2.5 2.20 10.6 HG30A 900 3.4 2.5 1.90 9.7 HG35 900 3.9 2.5 2.00 11.3 HG35A 1,050 3.9 2.5 1.80 10.2 HG40 900 4.4 2.9 2.00 14.5 HG40A 1,050 4.4 2.9 1.80 13.2 HG40B 1,200 4.4 2.9 1.60 8.9 HG45 1,200 4.9 2.9 2.10 18.3 HG45A 1,350 4.9 3.2 1.90 18.0 HG50 and larger >1,500 5.3 3.5 2.00 >20.0 Note: The unique design of the HumeGard floating boom allows it to be modified to treat a wide range of flowrates. Contact Humes for details on the model to suit your project. 6 Stormwater treatment

Design information To design a system suitable for your project it is necessary to review the configuration of the stormwater system, the location and purpose of other stormwater management (WSUD) controls, the catchment area and the hydrology. Refer to the HumeGard GPT technical manual for a step by step process or contact Humes for assistance. Left: HumeGard Gross Pollutant Trap Stormwater treatment MUSIC/pollutant export model inputs Many local authorities utilise MUSIC or other pollutant export models to assist in stormwater treatment train selection, and recommend generic inputs for GPTs. Considering these against the independent research results, the following conservative removal efficiencies (refer to Table 3 below) are recommended for the HumeGard GPT on an annual basis (i.e. no bypass). Table 3 MUSIC inputs for HumeGard GPTs Pollutant Gross pollutants (litter, vegetation) Removal efficiency 90% TSS 41% TP 34% Construction sequence The HumeGard unit is installed as follows: 1. Prepare the geotextile and aggregate base. 2. Install the main treatment chamber section. 3. Install the main bypass chamber section/s (if required). 4. Fit the stainless steel comb (if required). 5. Connect the inlet and outlet pipes. 6. Place the main chamber lid. 7. Install the frame and access covers. TN 24% Maintenance Installation The installation of the HumeGard unit should conform to the local authority s specifications for stormwater pit construction. Detailed installation instructions are dispatched with each unit. The design of the HumeGard GPT means that maintenance is best performed by vacuum trucks or baskets (available upon request), both of which avoid entry into the unit. Stormwater treatment 7

Secondary treatment HumeCeptor hydrodynamic separator The HumeCeptor system is a patented hydrodynamic separator, specifically designed to remove hydrocarbons and suspended solids from stormwater runoff, preventing spills and minimising non-point source pollution entering downstream waterways. Right: HumeCeptor system The HumeCeptor system is an underground, precast concrete stormwater treatment solution that utilises hydrodynamic and gravitational separation to efficiently remove Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and entrained hydrocarbons from runoff. First designed as an at source solution for constrained, commercial and industrial sites it has been improved and expanded to service large catchments, mine and quarry sites, inundated drainage systems, and capture large volume emergency spill events. The system is ideal for hardstands/wash bays, car parks, shopping centres, industrial/commercial warehouses, petrol stations, airports, major road infrastructure applications, quarries, mine sites and production facilities. Independently tested, and installed in over 30,000 projects worldwide, the HumeCeptor system provides effective, and reliable secondary treatment of stormwater for constrained sites. The system reliably removes a high level of TSS and hydrocarbons The HumeCeptor system was developed specifically to remove fine suspended solids and hydrocarbons from stormwater, and has been certified to achieve high pollutant removal efficiencies for TSS (>80%) and Total Nutrients (TN) (>30%) on an annual basis. It captures and retains hydrocarbons and TSS down to 10 microns Each system is specifically designed to maintain low treatment chamber velocities to capture and retain TSS down to 10 microns. It also removes up to 98% of free oils from stormwater. Each device is sized to achieve the necessary Water Quality Objectives (WQO) on an annual basis Utilising the latest build-up and wash-off algorithms, PCSWMM software for the HumeCeptor system ensures that the device chosen achieves the desired WQO (e.g. 80% TSS removal) on an annual basis. Its performance has been independently verified The HumeCeptor system s technology has been assessed by independent verification authorities including the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), The Washington Department of Environment (USA), and by the Canadian Environmental Technology Verification program (ETV). 8 Stormwater treatment

The system is proven The HumeCeptor system was one of the first stormwater treatment devices introduced to Australia, and now after 30,000 installations worldwide, its popularity is testament to its performance, quality and value for money. High flows won t scour captured sediment The unique design of the HumeCeptor unit ensures that as flows increase and exceed the treatment flow, the velocity in the storage chamber decreases. System operation The HumeCeptor system slows incoming stormwater to create a non-turbulent treatment environment (refer to Figure 3 below), allowing free oils and debris to rise and sediment to settle. Each HumeCeptor system maintains continuous positive treatment of TSS, regardless of flow rate, treating a wide range of particle sizes, as well as free oils, heavy metals and nutrients that attach to fine sediment. Stormwater treatment Nutrients are captured along with the sediment The effective capture of TSS results in the capture of particulate nutrients shown to be >30% of TN and Total Phosphorous (TP). Designs allow for emergency spill storage, directional change, multiple pipes and tidal inundation A new range of HumeCeptor systems are now available, built specifically to manage emergency spills (50,000 L storage), change of pipe directions, the joining of multiple pipes, or to manage high tail water levels as a result of tides or downstream water bodies. Fully trafficable to suit land use up to Class G The HumeCeptor system is a fully trafficable solution, it can be installed under pavements and hardstands to maximise above ground land use. The HumeCeptor system s patented scour prevention technology then ensures pollutants are captured and contained during all rainfall events. For more detail on the operation of the HumeCeptor system refer to the technical manual. Figure 3 HumeCeptor system operation during design flow condition Stormwater treatment 9

Independent verification testing The HumeCeptor system has been extensively researched by more than 15 independent authorities to validate its performance; it has now gained Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) certificates from ETV Canada, New Jersey Department of Environment Protection (NJDEP) and Washington Department of Environment (WDOE). A number of agencies have conducted independent studies; their results from these studies (over 100 test events) have been summarised in Table 4. Table 4 HumeCeptor systems performance summary Pollutant Average removal efficiency Details TSS 80% Laboratory and field results, stable, hardstand, roads, commercial and industrial sites TN 37% Field results TP 53% Field results Chromium 44% Field results Copper 29% Field results TPH 65% <10 ppm inflow concentration Note: Detailed reports are presented in the HumeCeptor system technical manual. 95% 10 ppm - 50 ppm inflow concentration (typical stormwater) 99% >500 ppm inflow concentration (emergency spills) Options There are a number of HumeCeptor systems available to meet the requirements of various WQO maintaining catchments and local hydrology. The standard range is detailed in Table 5 below. Table 5 HumeCeptor model range and details HumeCeptor model Pipe diameter (mm) Device diameter (mm) Depth from pipe invert* (m) Sediment capacity (m 3 ) Oil capacity (l) Total storage capacity (l) STC 2 (inlet) 100-600 1,200 1.70 1 350 1,740 STC 3 1.68 2 3,410 STC 5 1,800 2.13 3 1,020 4,550 STC 7 3.03 5 6,820 STC 9 2.69 6 1,900 9,090 100-1,200 2,440 STC 14 3.69 10 13,640 STC 18 3.44 14 2,980 18,180 3,060 STC 23 4.04 18 22,730 STC 27 3,600 3.84 20 4,290 27,270 Note: *Depths are approximate. Larger inlet pipe diameters can be accommodated - contact Humes for further information. 10 Stormwater treatment

Variants Continual improvement over the last 15 years of HumeCeptor systems installation has provided a number of enhancements to address specific treatment and design requirements. Figure 4 HumeCeptor STC 2 (inlet) model Stormwater treatment HumeCeptor STC 2 (inlet) model This model features a grated inlet to directly capture runoff from hardstand areas, replacing the need for a stormwater pit (refer to Figure 4). P-Series HumeCeptor STC 2 A light duty variation of the STC 2 model which is made from polyethylene for non-trafficable applications. AquaCeptor model This model, available in the same sizes as standard HumeCeptor units, has been designed with a weir extension and high level secondary inlet to increase the level at which flows bypass the treatment chamber, and accommodate downstream tail water levels or periodic inundation e.g. tidal situations (refer to Figure 5). MultiCeptor model The MultiCeptor model was developed to facilitate the replacement of junction pits while still providing the treatment abilities of the original HumeCeptor system. Available in the same sizes as the standard HumeCeptor units (refer Table 6 below) with the addition of a 2,440 mm diameter unit to accommodate drainage networks up to 1,800 mm diameter. Figure 5 AquaCeptor model Table 6 MultiCeptor model range and details HumeCeptor model Pipe diameter (mm) Device diameter (mm) Depth from pipe invert (m) Sediment capacity (m 3 ) Oil capacity (l) Total storage capacity (l) MI3 1.68 2 3,410 MI5 1,800 2.13 3 1,020 4,550 MI7 3.03 5 6,820 MI9 2.69 6 1,900 9,090 MI14 100-1,350 2,440 3.69 10 13,640 MI18 3.44 14 2,980 18,180 3,060 MI23 4.04 18 22,730 MI27 3,600 3.84 20 4,290 27,270 MI9 - MI27 (2,440) 100-1,800 2,440 top up to 3,600 base 2.69-3.84 6-20 1,900-4,290 9,090-27,270 Stormwater treatment 11

DuoCeptor model Figure 6 DuoCeptor model The DuoCeptor model has been developed to treat larger catchments (2 Ha 6 Ha) as some constrained developments can only accommodate a single, large device instead of several smaller devices. Figure 6 displays the DuoCeptor model and Table 7 details the range of capacities available. HumeCeptor EOS model The HumeCeptor EOS (Emergency Oil Spill) system provides you with the maximum protection against hydrocarbon spills at petrol stations, highway interchanges and intersections. It combines the passive, always-operating functions of the HumeCeptor system, with additional emergency storage to capture the volume of spill required by your road authority. HumeCeptor MAX model The HumeCeptor MAX model was developed to meet the market need for a single, large, end-of-pipe solution for TSS removal. Utilising the HumeCeptor system s proven capture and scour prevention technology, it is ideal for very large commercial and industrial sites (>6 Ha) that need to achieve at least 50% TSS removal and hydrocarbon capture. The HumeCeptor MAX model can be expanded to almost any capacity required. For more details on the variants and their application refer to the HumeCeptor system technical manual. Table 7 DuoCeptor model range and details DuoCeptor model Pipe diameter (mm) Device footprint (L x W) Depth from pipe invert (m) Sediment capacity (m 3 ) Oil capacity (l) Total storage capacity (l) STC 40 3.41 27 10,585 42,370 7,750 x 3,500 STC 50 600-1,500 4.01 35 10,585 50,525 STC 60 9,150 x 4,200 3.89 42 11,560 60,255 12 Stormwater treatment

Design information To design a system suitable for your project it is necessary to review the configuration of the stormwater system, the location and purpose of other stormwater management (WSUD) controls, the catchment area and the hydrology. Refer to the HumeCeptor system technical manual for further details. Installation Installation procedures The installation of the HumeCeptor unit should conform in general to local authority s specifications for stormwater pit construction. Detailed installation instructions are dispatched with each unit. Stormwater treatment MUSIC/pollutant export model inputs Construction sequence Many local authorities utilise MUSIC or other pollutant export models to assist in stormwater treatment train selection, and recommend generic inputs for GPTs and hydrodynamic separators. Considering these against the independent research results, and PCSWMM modelling used to size a HumeCeptor unit, the following conservative removal efficiencies (refer to Table 8) are recommended on an annual basis (i.e. no bypass). Table 8 MUSIC inputs for the HumeCeptor system Pollutant Removal efficiency TSS 80% TN 30% TP 30% The HumeCeptor unit is installed in sections as follows: 1. Prepare the geotextile and aggregate base. 2. Install the treatment chamber base section. 3. Install the treatment chamber section/s (if required). 4. Prepare the transition slab (if required). 5. Install the bypass chamber section. 6. Fit the inlet drop pipe and decant pipe (if required). 7. Connect inlet and outlet pipes as required. 8. Prepare the transition slab. 9. Install the maintenance access chamber section. (if required). 10. Install the frame and access cover/grate. Maintenance The design of the HumeCeptor system means that maintenance is generally conducted with a vacuum truck which avoids entry into the unit. Stormwater treatment 13

Tertiary treatment JellyFish filter The JellyFish filter is a tertiary stormwater treatment system featuring membrane filtration to provide exceptional pollutant removal at high treatment flow rates with minimal head loss and low maintenance costs. The JellyFish filter uses gravity, flow rotation, and up-flow membrane filtration to provide tertiary treatment to stormwater in an underground structure. Using unique filtration cartridges, each JellyFish filter provides a large membrane surface area, resulting in high flow rates and pollutant removal capacity. The JellyFish filter efficiently captures a high level of stormwater pollutants, including: Total Suspended Solids (TSS), median removal efficiency of 89%, including particles down to two microns Total Nitrogen (TN), median removal efficiency of 55% Total Phosphorous (TP), median removal efficiency of 65% Total Copper (Cu), median removal efficiency of 61% Total Zinc (Zn), median removal efficiency of 91%. Designed as a polishing device for constrained sites, the JellyFish filter is available in a range of sizes to cater for both at-source and end-of-pipe solutions. The system provides tertiary level performance with a small footprint The proven performance of the JellyFish filter and high flow rate membranes enables water quality objectives to be met with a smaller footprint system than typical bioretention systems. It has been independently researched and proven The JellyFish filter has been independently researched under laboratory conditions in Australia and both laboratory and field conditions in the United States. In the United States, it has received verification under the stringent New Jersey Corporation for Advanced Technology (NJCAT) protocol. It treats higher flow rates than most filters Each filter cartridge has an effective filter area of 35.4 m 2 designed to treat 5 litres per second (L/s) through operational filters. Above-ground land use is maintained The system is assembled within a fully-trafficable, precast concrete structure for underground installations on constrained sites, allowing maximum use for above-ground activities. Maintenance is easy The filter backwashes after peak flows so it can self-clean several times in each storm event. Manual rinsing is recommended annually. When cartridge replacement is required (usually three to five years), it is a safe and simple process. 14 Stormwater treatment

System operation As a tertiary treatment system, the JellyFish filter is designed to be an offline structure, as part of a treatment train. For effective operation, the system requires a difference in elevation between upstream and downstream water levels. Typically, a minimum 455 mm of driving head is designed into the system. For more details, refer to the JellyFish filter technical manual. The JellyFish filter uses gravity, flow rotation and membrane filtration treatment to remove pollutants from stormwater runoff. These functions are depicted in Figure 9 below. Gravitational forces remove coarse sediment (generally >50 microns), particulate-bound pollutants (nutrients, toxic metals, hydrocarbons), free oil and floatable trash and debris (that may bypass upstream primary treatment devices). Large, heavy particles fall to the sump (sedimentation) and low specific gravity pollutants rise to the surface (floatation) behind the Maintenance Access Wall (MAW). Treatment begins when flow enters the system through the inlet pipe (standard). Below-deck inlet pipes are offered as an option where pipe invert levels are already deep. Influent enters the MAW zone and passes through a large opening in the deck to the lower chamber. The large deck opening and change in flow direction attenuate the influent flow velocity. Buoyant pollutants remain on the surface in the MAW zone. Flow into the lower chamber must then pass tangentially around the separator skirt protecting the cartridges and increasing flowpath length. Coarse sediment settles out of the MAW zone into the sump. As water flows tangentially around the separator skirt in the lower chamber, the large opening in the bottom of the separator skirt and upward change in direction Stormwater treatment Figure 9 JellyFish filter components and functions Maintenance access wall High-flow cartridges Inlet Backwash pool Outlet Draindown cartridge Cartridge deck Gravitational particles settling Flow rotation Separator skirt Membrane filtration Stormwater treatment 15

further reduces flow velocity and enhances particle separation. As a result, sediment settles in the sump. Flows pass through the cartridge in the filtration zone. Each filter cartridge consists of multiple tentacles. Uniform hydraulic pressure across the entire membrane surface causes water to penetrate the filtration tentacles. Water enters the membrane pores radially and deposits fine particulates on the exterior membrane surface. Filtered water flows into the centre drain tube of each tentacle, the water then flows upward and out the top. Water exiting the top of the tentacles combines under the lid, where the combined flow exits the cartridge through the orifice with a pulsating fountain effect into the backwash pool. When the water level in the backwash pool exceeds the weir height it overflows to the outlet pipe. Outside the backwash pool, the draindown cartridge provides treatment at a reduced flow rate (2.5 L/s) and allows the treated water captured in the backwash pool to return through the cartridges and balance water pressure as the storm event ends. As particles build up on the external membrane surface, the pores progressively become smaller. This process, referred to as filter ripening, significantly improves the removal efficiency relative to a brand new or clean membrane. Filter ripening accounts for the ability of the JellyFish filter to remove particles finer than the nominal pore size (20 microns) rating of the membranes. An animation of the JellyFish filter operation and maintenance is available on our website. For more detail on the operation of the JellyFish filter, refer to the JellyFish filter technical manual. Figure 10 JellyFish filter offline arrangement without diversion weir Diversion chamber inlet Low flow JellyFish unit outlet I.L. is 455 mm lower than I.L. of high flow bypass inlet Low flow High flow bypass Bypass inlet I.L. is 455 mm higher than JellyFish unit outlet Diversion chamber JellyFish unit Collection chamber Figure 11 JellyFish filter offline arrangement with diversion weir Diversion chamber inlet JellyFish unit outlet I.L. is 455 mm lower than top of weir wall Low flow Low flow High flow bypass Top of weir is 455 mm higher than I.L. of JellyFish unit outlet Diversion chamber JellyFish unit Collection chamber 16 Stormwater treatment

Options The JellyFish filter can be customised to suit your project requirements. As each treatment train is unique and units are designed to match surface levels, contact Humes for assistance, however, Table 9 below can be used as a guide. Stormwater treatment Table 9 JellyFish filter model range and details JellyFish model Number of highflow cartridges JF1200-1-1 1 Number of draindown cartridges Inlet pipe diameters (mm) Treatment flow (L/s) JF1200-2-1 2 12.5 JF1800-3-1 3 17.5 1 JF1800-4-1 4 22.5 150-225 JF1800-5-1 5 27.5 JF1800-6-1 6 32.5 JF2400-6-2 6 JF2400-7-2 7 40.0 JF2400-8-2 8 JF2400-9-2 9 50.0 JF2400-10-2 10 55.0 JF3000-11-3 11 62.5 3 JF3000-12-3 12 225-300 67.5 JF3000-12-4 12 JF3000-13-4 13 75.0 JF3000-14-4 14 80.0 JF3000-15-4 15 85.0 4 JF3000-16-4 16 90.0 JF3000-17-4 17 95.0 JF3000-18-4 18 100.0 JF3000-19-4 19 105.0 JF3600-20-5 20 JF3600-21-5 21 117.5 300-375 JF3600-22-5 22 122.5 JF3600-23-5 23 127.5 5 JF3600-24-5 24 132.5 2 7.5 35.0 45.0 70.0 112.5 JF3600-25-5 25 137.5 JF3600-26-5 26 142.5 JF3600-27-5 27 147.5 Nominal structure diameter (mm) 1,200 1,800 2,400 3,000 3,600 Note: Designers should allow for upstream and downstream bypass pits and a bypass pipe link in a triangular configuration as per Fig. 10 and 11. Stormwater treatment 17

Performance Design information The JellyFish filter has been designed to provide tertiary level treatment and should be combined with a Gross Pollutant Trap (GPT) as part of a treatment train to ensure optimal performance. Treatment efficiency Extensive research of the JellyFish filter has proven its performance under Australian laboratory, US field conditions and Australian field conditions. Field testing in the United States has received independent verification under the stringent New Jersey Corporation for Advanced Technology (NJCAT) protocol. The results are summarised in Table 14 below. Table 14 JellyFish filter performance summary Pollutant Median reduction TSS 89% TP 65% TN 55% Cu 61% Zn 91% To design a system suitable for your project it is necessary to determine the configuration of the stormwater system, the location and purpose of other stormwater management WSUD controls, the catchment area and the hydrology. Tailwater conditions, bypass requirements and inlet level can also influence the selected design. Refer to the JellyFish filter technical manual for further details or contact Humes for assistance. Installation The JellyFish filter can be installed by a civil or plumbing contractor in much the same way as a manhole or other stormwater drainage structure. It is supplied on-site in separate, easily identifiable components, with an upstream bypass pit and downstream junction pit. Note that these upstream and downstream pits are at an additional cost. The JellyFish filter is lowered into place by a crane or excavator, the components interlock and the tapered surround can be rotated to match a surface grade (if the system is located in road pavement). The system arrives to the site with the internal parts fully assembled. Total oil and grease 62% Reference: University of Florida (2011) and West Ipswich (2014). Maintenance Maintenance of the JellyFish filter is performed via an eduction truck to remove the sediment. When required, the depleted cartridges are manually removed and replaced. References Reports and research papers have been published to substantiate the performance of the JellyFish filter; these are available at humes.com.au. 18 Stormwater treatment

Contact information National sales 1300 361 601 humes.com.au info@humes.com.au Stormwater treatment Head Office New South Wales Tasmania 18 Little Cribb St Milton QLD 4064 Ph: (07) 3364 2800 Fax: (07) 3364 2963 Queensland Ipswich/Brisbane Ph: (07) 3814 9000 Fax: (07) 3814 9014 Rockhampton Ph: (07) 4924 7900 Fax: (07) 4924 7901 Sunshine Coast Ph: (07) 5472 9700 Fax: (07) 5472 9711 Townsville Ph: (07) 4758 6000 Fax: (07) 4758 6001 Grafton Ph: (02) 6644 7666 Fax: (02) 6644 7313 Newcastle Ph: (02) 4032 6800 Fax: (02) 4032 6822 Sydney Ph: (02) 9832 5555 Fax: (02) 9625 5200 Tamworth Ph: (02) 6763 7300 Fax: (02) 6763 7301 Victoria Echuca Ph: (03) 5480 2371 Fax: (03) 5482 3090 Melbourne Ph: (03) 9360 3888 Fax: (03) 9360 3887 Launceston Ph: (03) 6335 6300 Fax: (03) 6335 6330 South Australia Adelaide Ph: (08) 8168 4544 Fax: (08) 8168 4549 Western Australia Gnangara Ph: (08) 9302 8000 Fax: (08) 9309 1625 Perth Ph: (08) 9351 6999 Fax: (08) 9351 6977 Northern Territory Darwin Ph: (08) 8984 1600 Fax: (08) 8984 1614 Stormwater treatment 19

HumeSlab floor panels Custom stormwater pit Cable jointing pit Stormwater pit Rubber ring joint pipe JellyFish filter RainVault harvesting system HumeCeptor system Access chamber Abutments HumeGard GPT Headwall Ballast kerbs Floodgate Headstocks Turnout bearers Sleepers Prestressed decks Parapets Prestressed girders

StormTrap detention and infiltration system Wing walls HumeCrib gravity wall Segmental tunnel linings Wheel stops HumeSlab pedestrian bridge Box culverts Spandrel walls Kerb inlet systems Corrugated metal pipe Geosynthetics Arches H-Wall retaining wall Architectural finishes HumeDeck modular bridge Segmental shaft (jacking receival shaft) Supabowl precast base Access chamber Sewage overflow tank Piles Jersey kerbs One piece shaft (jacking launch shaft) Pump station Vitrified clay pipe HDPE lined Steel reinforced jacking pipe Access chamber QuickTee maintenance shaft

National sales 1300 361 601 humes.com.au info@humes.com.au A Division of Holcim Australia This publication supersedes all previous literature on this subject. As the specifications and details contained in this publication may change please check with Humes Customer Service for confirmation of current issue. This publication provided general information only and is no substitute for professional engineering advice. No representations or warranty is made regarding the accuracy, completeness or relevance of the information provided. Users must make their own determination as to the suitability of this information and any Humes product for their specific circumstances. Humes accepts no liability for any loss or damage resulting from any reliance on the information provided in this publication. Humes is a registered trademark and a registered business name of Holcim (Australia) Pty Ltd. HumeGard and HumeCeptor, are registered trademarks of Holcim (Australia) Pty Ltd. StormTrap is a registered trademark of StormTrap LLC. JellyFish is a registered trademark of Imbrium Systems Inc, Canada and is used in Australia under license. JellyFish is registered under Australian Patent No. 2008286748, US Patent Application No. 11/839,303 and 12/014,888 and International Publication No. WO 2009/023832 A1. April 2015 Holcim (Australia) Pty Ltd ABN 87 099 732 297. All rights reserved. This guide or any part of it may not be reproduced without prior written consent of Holcim.