Technical Trends of Driver Assistance/ Automated Driving Presented by Tjark Kreuzinger Senior Manager, Safety research and Technical Affairs Toyota Motor Europe NV/SV TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
Topics 1. Towards Eliminating Fatalities : Advanced Safety Support System 2. Directions of Automated Driving Technologies Development 3. Automated Driving System for Highways 2
Towards Eliminating Fatalities Pursuit for Vehicle Safety Integrated Three Part Initiative Accident Investigation & Analysis People Vehicles Three Part Initiative Pursuit for Real-World Safety Traffic Environ -ment Development & Evaluation 3 Simulation
Toyota s Approach to Safety Integrated Safety Concept Optimal support in all driving conditions Coordination between individual systems Collision Parking Panoramic View Monitor Pre-Collision Safety Active Safety Radar Cruise Control Blind Spot Monitor (BSM) Pre-Collision System (PCS) Vehicle Dynamics Control Back Guide Monitor Lane Keeping Assist (LKA) Intelligent Clearance Sonar (ICS) Lane Departure Alert (LDA) Basic Functions Intelligent Adaptive Front-Lighting System (AFS) Adaptive High-Beam System (AHS) Automatic High Beam (AHB) Night View Navigation Coordination System Drive-Start Control GOA Collision Safety Body Structure Alert Intelligent Parking Assist (IPA) Passive Safety Cooperative ITS Pre-Collision Brake Assist VDIM Vehicle Stability Control System (VSC) Seats Types Traction Control (TRC) Brake Assist (BA) Advanced Type: PCS to help prevent collision with pedestrians 4 Airbags Pre-Collision Braking Regular Type: PCS to help prevent rear-end collision Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) Seatbelts Pop-Up Hood Emergency Response Automatic Collision Notification (ACN)
Toyota Safety Sense Combines cameras and radar for outstanding performance and reliability Functions chosen for their effectiveness in reducing traffic accidents 5
Toyota Safety Sense C (Laser & Camera) First available in EU on AURIS, June 15 (followed by Avensis, Yaris, Aygo.) Passed Euro NCAP and JNCAP assessment with success JNCAP Evaluation Results Other companies Toyota Safety Sense C 46 46 Stereo camera Laser & camera 33.6 23.9 14.8 Laser 6 MonoLaser cular & camera camera
Toyota Safety Sense P (Radar + Camera) First available on Land Cruiser (Japan) in August 15 Rollout to five EU models within 15 (including Lexus) Features Radar Cruise Control, Pre-Collision System with pedestrian detection function 7
Toyota Safety Sense Deployment & Expansion We aim to equip Toyota Safety Sense on almost all passenger vehicles in Japan, Europe, and the U.S. by the end of 2017. 8
Towards Eliminating Traffic Accident Fatalities Next Step 9
Factors of Accidents and Countermeasures Main factors Approach on Countermeasures Coverage of blind spots 1. Poor visibility of objects Blind spot Blind spot 2. Sudden movement of objects 3. High relative speed Detect objects in blind spots Cover the blind spots within sensor-detectable areas If communication with objects is possible: V2V, V2P If communication is not possible: V2I Ensure allowance for risk avoidance Risk avoidance support Keep sufficient distance Early deceleration Note: Development to be continued for expanding the range of objects detectable by on-board sensors 10
ITS-Connect: Helping Prevent Collisions in Blind Spots Utilize cooperative safety system using wireless communication in situations where poor visibility prevents onboard sensors from detecting hazards World s first V2V, V2I communication system* has been introduced on the new Crown *Using dedicated ITS communication bandwidth of 760MHz V2I V2V This image cannot currently be display ed. Corner-to-corner collision Pedestrians Intersection with poor visibility Crossing pedestrian/right turn V2V: Vehicle to Vehicle 11 V2I: Vehicle to Infrastructure
1. Towards Eliminating Fatalities : Advanced Safety Support System 2. Directions of Automated Driving Technologies Development 3. Automated Driving System for Highways 12
Our Concept of Automated Driving ① To provide mobility for all people ② All drivers can experience the fun of driving, when they want to ③ If driver requests, driver can rely on the automated driving ④ Design based on the Mobility Teammate Concept Building relations between people and cars that share the same purpose, like close friends who sometimes watch over each other and sometimes help each other out. 13
Our Goals Safety Freedom Efficiency Achieve a society where mobility means safety, efficiency and freedom 14
Our Directions Automated driving: Highway Teammate Full-scale automated driving technology targeted mainly on highways 15
1. Towards Eliminating Fatalities : Advanced Safety Support System 2. Directions of Automated Driving Technologies Development 3. Automated Driving System for Highways 16
Product Study Vehicle on Highway GNSS Antenna Back LIDAR Front LIDAR Back Radar Front Radar Side-Rear LIDAR Front-Side LIDAR SR Radar Stereo Camera Structure enabling mass-production, aiming for early product deployment 17
Localization Technologies on Highways 1) Current technologies Lane-keeping by detecting only white lines Limitations １ Miss/Loss detection ２ Cannot keep away from moving objects 2) Localization by white lines + landmarks + high-precision map White lines Landmarks Map compare 18
GPS: Accuracy insufficient for Automated Driving Localization technology comparison Method Accuracy (worst case) GPS ~50m GPS + dead reckoning (Conventional technology) ~30m GPS + dead reckoning (Improved by latest software technology, TRCDL) GPS + dead reckoning Vision Precise map ~10m Lateral 0.1m Longitudinal 0.5m Accurate localization should be realized by using sensors & maps 19
New Method for Accurate Localization Accumulation Compare Front View Data Base Localized Road shape (2D) Generate road picture Compare camera view with road pictures generated from road database 20
System Evaluation on Urban Highway Evaluate the system in challenging situations of public urban highway Test vehicle Localization Double deck (GPS reception issues) Multiple lane marking (white lines detection issues) Object detection & Planner Test route Merge Diverge (Tokyo metropolitan highway) Level-up by evaluating in public road tests 21
Highway Teammate