UTM: Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinate System

Practical Cartographer s Reference #01 UTM: Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinate System 180 174w 168w 162w 156w 150w 144w 138w 132w 126w 120w 114w 108w 102w 96w 90w 84w 78w 72w 66w 60w 54w 48w 42w 36w 30w 24w 18w 12w 84n 1X 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6w 0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29X 30 6e 12e 31 18e 33 24e 30e 35 36e 42e 48e 54e 60e 66e 72e 78e 84e 90e 96e 102e 108e 114e 120e 126e 132e 138e 144e 150e 156e 162e 168e 174e 12w 180 6w 84n 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60X 37 72n 72n W W W V V V 64n 64n 56n 56n U U U T T T S S S R R R 48n 48n 40n 40n 32n 32n 24n 16n 18 19 P 8n 0 24n 20 Q 1N 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Q Q P P 16n 21 22 8n 23 24 25 26 27 28 29N 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 38 32 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60N 47 48 49 50 0 M M M L L L K K K J J J H H H G G G F F F E E E D D D 8s 8s 16s 16s 24s 24s 32s 32s 40s 40s 48s 48s 56s 56s 64s 64s 72s 80s 72s 1C 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29C 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60X 180 174w 168w 162w 156w 150w 144w 138w 132w 126w 120w 114w 108w 102w 96w 90w 84w 78w 72w 66w 60w 54w 48w 42w 36w 30w 24w 18w 12w 6w 0 6e 12e 18e 24e 30e 36e 42e 48e 54e 60e 66e 72e 78e 84e 90e 96e 102e 108e 114e 120e 126e 132e 138e 144e 150e 156e 162e 168e 174e 180 Zones Coordinates The UTM system divides the Earth into 60 longitudinal projection zones numbered 1 to 60 starting at 180 W. Each of the zones is 6 degrees wide with a few exceptions around Norway and Svalbard. Each zone is based on its own Transverse Mercator projection. UTM uses a secant version of the Transverse Mercator with two standard lines located about180 km from the central meridian A location referenced in the UTM system is denoted by the zone (north or south) and the easting and northing coordinate pair. The easting is the projected distance, in meters, from the central meridian and the northing is the projected distance, in meters, from the Equator. Latitudinal zones are not part of the UTM, they are part of the Military General Refernce System (MGRS). They are often used in conjunction with the UTM. They extend from 84 N to 80 S and are designated with the letters C to X (skipping I and O). Each latitudinal zone is 8 degrees, except for the 12 degree zone X. Beware of confusion between the standard N and S (indicating north and south of the Equator in the UTM system) and zone S in the MGRS with is in the northern hemisphere The point of origin of each UTM zone is the intersection of the Equator and the zone's central meridian. In order to avoid dealing with negative numbers for easting, the central meridian of each zone is given a "false easting" value of 500,000 meters. Northern hemisphere northings are measured from the Equator, which has an initial northing of 0 meters. In the southern hemisphere northings decrease as you go southward from the Equator, which is given a "false northing" of 10,000,000 meters so that no point within the zone has a negative northing value. 80s

Practical Cartographer s Reference #02 Most Used Unit Conversions for Mapping For calculating scale 63,360 inches in one mile 5,280 feet in one mile 1,000,000 millimeters in one kilometer 100,000 centimeters in one kilometer Between systems of measurement (* constants are exact) You have multiply by to get You have multiply by to get Centimeters 0.3937008 Inches 2.54* Centimeters Meters 3.2808399 Feet 0.3048* Meters Kilometers 0.6213712 Miles 1.609344* Kilometers Nautical Miles 1.1507794 Miles 0.8689762 Nautical Miles Nautical Miles 1.852* Kilometers 0.5399568 Nautical Miles Square Centimeters 0.1550003 Square Inches 6.4516* Square Centimeters Square Centimeters 0.0010763 Square Feet 929.0304* Square Centimeters Square Meters 10.7639104 Square Feet 0.09290304* Square Meters Hectares 2.4710541 Acres 0.4046856 Hectares Square Kilometers 0.3861022 Square Miles 2.5899881 Square Kilometers Square Kilometers 100.0* Hectares 0.01* Square Kilometers Square Miles 640.0* Acres 0.0015625* Square Miles Degrees 0.017453292 Radians 57.2958 Degrees

Practical Cartographer s Reference #03 LandSat Image Info for Mapping Landsat 4, 5, and 7 Channels Landsat-8 Channels Band Pixel Size Wavelength Range (micrometers) No. Pixel Size Wavelength Range (micrometers) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 30m 15 m 100 m (resampled to 30) 100 m (resampled to 30) Coastal-aerosol, 0.43 0.45 Blue, 0.45 0.51 Green, 0.53 0.59 Red, 0.64 0.67 Near infrared, 0.85 0.88 Short-wave Infrared 1, 1.57 1.65 Short-wave Infrared 2, 2.09 2.35 Pan-chromatic, 0.50 0.68 Cirrus, 1.36 1.38 TIRS 1, 10.60 11.19 TIRS 2, 11.5 12.51 60 m 15 m Blue, 0.45 0.515 Green, 0.525 0.605 Red, 0.63 0.69 Near infrared, 0.75 0.90 Mid Infrared, 1.55 1.75 Infrared, 10.40 12.5 Shortwave Infrared, 2.09 2.35 Pan-chromatic, 0.52 0.90 (Landsat 7 only) Common Channel Combinations R-G-B 3-2-1 Characteristics Red, green and blue visible light channels; closest to image as seen by human eye 4-3-2 Near infrared combined with red and green visible channels, as known as Color Infrared (CIR); vegetation analysis 7-4-2 Used by USGS in creating ETM+ Mosaics for the world; natural-ish color, cuts through atmospheric interference

Practical Cartographer s Reference #04 Making Colors Additive color. Mixing with light. Subtractive color. Mixing with pigment. RED Yellow GREEN CYAN Blue MAGENTA Magenta Cyan Green Red BLUE YELLOW

Practical Cartographer s Reference #05 Web Mercator Parameters Projection info for web map tiling (used by ArcGIS Online, Google Maps, OSM and Bing Maps among others) Projection: Spherical Mercator, WGS 1984; EPSG:3857 (old EPSG 3785 and 900913) Coordinate system in ArcGIS: Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere (WKID 102100) Global Extent: 180 West to 180 East, approximately 85.05 South to 85.05 North Pixel density for scales below: 96 pixels per inch Zoom level Scale 1 to 0 591,657,528 1 295,828,764 2 147,914,382 3 73,957,191 4 36,978,595 5 18,489,298 6 9,244,649 7 4,622,324 8 2,311,162 9 1,155,581 10 577,791 11 288,895 12 144,448 13 72,224 14 36,112 15 18,056 16 9,028 17 4,514 18 2,257 19 1,128

Practical Cartographer s Reference #06 Earth Information Globe characteristics: Rotation: Counter-clockwise when viewed from above Tilt: 23.44 Line DMS Decimal Degrees Arctic Circle 66 33 44 N 66.562222 S Tropic of Cancer 23 26 16 N 23.437778 N Equator 0 0 Tropic of Capricorn 23 26 16 S 23.437778 S Antarctic Circle 66 33 44 S 66.562222 S Measurements: Metric Imperial Description 40,075 km 24,901 mi Circumference, Equatorial 40,008 km 24,860 mi Circumference, Meridianal 8,848 m 29,029 ft Highest Land Elevation -377m -1,237 ft Lowest Land Elevation -10,916 m -35,814 ft Deepest Ocean Depth 510,072,000 km 2 196,939,900 mi 2 Surface Area 148,940,000 km 2 57,506,055 mi 2 Land Area 361,132,000 km 2 139,433,845 mi 2 Water Area 29.2% Land as percentage of surface area 70.8% Water as percentage of surface area

Practical Cartographer s Reference #07 U.S.Geological Survey Standard Conic Projections Continental United States Projection: Albers Equal Area Coordinate System: NAD 1983 Central Meridian -96.0 W Standard Parallel 1 29.5 N Standard Parallel 2 45.5 N Latitude of Origin 23.0 N 0 200 mi Alaska Projection: Albers Equal Area Coordinate System: NAD 1983 Central Meridian -154.0 W (for all Aleutians, older = -140 W) Standard Parallel 1 55.0 N Standard Parallel 2 65.0 N Latitude of Origin 50.0 N Hawaii Projection: Albers Equal Area Coordinate System: NAD 1983 Central Meridian -157.0 W Standard Parallel 1 8.0 N Standard Parallel 2 18.0 N Latitude of Origin 13.0 N Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands Projection: Albers Equal Area Coordinate System: NAD 1983 Central Meridian -66.5.0 W Standard Parallel 1 8.0 N Standard Parallel 2 18.0 N Latitude of Origin 13.0 N 0 200 mi 0 200 mi 0 200 mi

Practical Cartographer s Reference #08a Lengths of a Degree of Longitude Measured along the parallel Parallel Kilometers Miles Parallel Kilometers Miles Parallel Kilometers Miles 0 111.321 69.172 30 96.488 59.956 60 55.802 34.674 1 111.304 69.162 31 95.506 59.345 61 54.110 33.623 2 111.253 69.130 32 94.495 58.716 62 52.400 32.560 3 111.169 69.078 33 93.455 58.071 63 50.675 31.488 4 111.051 69.005 34 92.387 57.407 64 48.934 30.406 5 110.900 68.911 35 91.290 56.725 65 47.177 29.315 6 110.715 68.795 36 90.166 56.027 66 45.407 28.215 7 110.497 68.660 37 89.014 55.311 67 43.622 27.106 8 110.245 68.504 38 87.835 54.579 68 41.823 25.988 9 109.959 68.326 39 86.629 53.829 69 40.012 24.862 10 109.641 68.129 40 85.396 53.063 70 38.188 23.729 11 109.289 67.910 41 84.137 52.281 71 36.353 22.589 12 108.904 67.670 42 82.853 51.483 72 34.506 21.441 13 108.486 67.410 43 81.543 50.669 73 32.648 20.287 14 108.036 67.131 44 80.208 49.840 74 30.781 19.127 15 107.553 66.830 45 78.849 49.995 75 28.903 17.960 16 107.036 66.510 46 77.466 48.136 76 27.017 16.788 17 106.487 66.169 47 76.058 47.261 77 25.123 15.611 18 105.906 65.808 48 74.628 46.372 78 23.220 14.428 19 105.294 65.427 49 73.174 45.469 79 21.311 13.242 20 104.649 65.026 50 71.698 44.552 80 19.394 12.051 21 103.972 64.606 51 70.200 43.621 81 17.472 10.857 22 103.264 64.166 52 68.680 42.676 82 15.545 9.659 23 102.524 63.706 53 67.140 41.719 83 13.612 8.458 24 101.754 63.228 54 65.578 40.749 84 11.675 7.255 25 100.952 62.729 55 63.996 39.766 85 9.735 6.049 26 100.119 62.212 56 62.395 38.771 86 7.792 4.842 27 99.257 61.676 57 60.774 37.764 87 5.846 3.632 28 98.364 61.122 58 59.135 36.745 88 3.898 2.422 29 97.441 60.548 59 57.478 35.716 89 1.949 1.211

Practical Cartographer s Reference #08b Lengths of a Degree of Latitude Measured along the meridian Parallel Kilometers Miles Parallel Kilometers Miles Parallel Kilometers Miles 0-1 110.567 68.703 30-31 110.857 68.883 60-61 111.423 69.235 1-2 110.568 68.704 31-32 110.874 68.894 61-62 111.440 69.246 2-3 110.569 68.705 32-33 110.892 68.905 62-63 111.456 69.256 3-4 110.571 68.706 33-34 110.910 68.916 63-64 111.472 69.266 4-5 110.574 68.708 34-35 110.928 68.928 64-65 111.488 69.275 5-6 110.578 68.710 35-36 110.947 68.939 65-66 111.503 69.285 6-7 110.582 68.712 36-37 110.966 68.951 66-67 111.518 69.294 7-8 110.586 68.715 37-38 110.985 68.962 67-68 111.532 69.303 8-9 110.592 68.718 38-39 111.004 68.974 68-69 111.546 69.311 9-10 110.598 68.722 39-40 111.023 68.986 69-70 111.560 69.320 10-11 110.605 68.726 40-41 111.042 68.998 70-71 111.572 69.328 11-12 110.612 68.731 41-42 111.062 69.011 71-72 111.585 69.335 12-13 110.620 68.736 42-43 111.082 69.023 72-73 111.596 69.343 13-14 110.628 68.741 43-44 111.101 69.035 73-74 111.607 69.349 14-15 110.638 68.747 44-45 111.121 69.047 74-75 111.618 69.356 15-16 110.648 68.753 45-46 111.141 69.060 75-76 111.628 69.362 16-17 110.658 68.759 46-47 111.161 69.072 76-77 111.637 69.368 17-18 110.669 68.766 47-48 111.180 69.084 77-78 111.646 69.373 18-19 110.680 68.773 48-49 111.200 69.096 78-79 111.654 69.378 19-20 110.692 68.781 49-50 111.220 69.108 79-80 111.661 69.383 20-21 110.705 68.789 50-51 111.239 69.121 80-81 111.668 69.387 21-22 110.718 68.797 51-52 111.258 69.133 81-82 111.674 69.391 22-23 110.732 68.805 52-53 111.278 69.145 82-83 111.680 69.395 23-24 110.746 68.814 53-54 111.297 69.156 83-84 111.685 69.398 24-25 110.761 68.823 54-55 111.315 69.168 84-85 111.689 69.400 25-26 110.776 68.833 55-56 111.334 69.180 85-86 111.692 69.402 26-27 110.791 68.842 56-57 111.352 69.191 86-87 111.695 69.404 27-28 110.807 68.852 57-58 111.371 69.202 87-88 111.697 69.405 28-29 110.823 68.862 58-59 111.388 69.213 88-89 111.699 69.406 29-30 110.840 68.873 59-60 111.406 69.224 89-90 111.699 69.407

Practical Cartographer s Reference #09 Digital Video and Map Preparation Digital Video Parameters Aspect Ratio Pixel Dimensions Frame Rates Codec File Format Pixel Shape 16:9 or 4:3; see below See below 15, 23.976, 25, 29.97, 30, 60; find out from your video production partner; otherwise use 30fps Save without codec if possible by using Animation or uncompressed setting; find out from you video production partner; otherwise use h264 Find out from you video production partner; otherwise save as QuickTime or AVI as default Create yours as square but remember that some video systems use rectangular Most Common Pixel Dimensions for creating graphics for video Ratio Size Frame Rates Used by 16:9 1920 x 1080 various HD 1080p digital video systems, highest quality 16:9 1280 x 720 various HD 720p digital video systems, lower quality 4:3 768 x 576 various NTSC and PAL SD video systems 4:3 640 x 480 various VGA video systems 640 x 480 786 x 576 1280 x 720 4 x 3 4 x 3 16 x 9 16 x 9 1920 x 1080

Practical Cartographer s Reference #10 Standard Paper Sizes American paper sizes (many aspect ratios) Name in x in mm mm Letter 8.5 x 11 216 x 279 Legal 8.5 x 14 216 x 356 Jr. Legal 8.0 x 5.0 203 x 127 Ledger 17 x 11 432 x 279 Tabloid 11 x 17 279 x 432 Name in x in mm mm Ratio Arch A 9 x 12 229 x 305 3:4 Arch B 12 x 18 305 x 457 2:3 Arch C 18 x 24 457 x 610 3:4 Arch D 24 x 36 610 x 914 2:3 Arch E 36 x 48 914 x 1219 3:4 Arch E1 30 x 42 762 x 1067 5:7 Arch E2 26 x 38 660 x 965 13:19 Arch E3 27 x 39 686 x 991 9:13 Name in x in mm mm Alias Similar ISO A ANSI A 9 x 12 216 x 279 Letter A4 ANSI B 17 x 11 432 x 279 Ledger A3 11 x 17 279 x 432 Tabloid ANSI C 17 x 22 432 x 559 -- A2 ANSI D 22 x 34 559 x 864 -- A1 ANSI E 34 x 44 864 x 1118 -- A0 A Letter B Tabloid E D C ISO paper sizes (based on aspect ratio = 2) The ANSI series Format A series B series C series Size mm mm in in mm mm in in mm mm in in 0 841 1189 33.11 46.81 1000 1414 39.37 55.67 917 1297 36.10 51.06 1 594 841 23.39 33.11 707 1000 27.83 39.37 648 917 25.51 36.10 2 420 594 16.54 23.39 500 707 19.69 27.83 458 648 18.03 25.51 3 297 420 11.69 16.54 353 500 13.90 19.69 324 458 12.76 18.03 4 210 297 8.27 11.69 250 353 9.84 13.90 229 324 9.02 12.76 5 148 210 5.83 8.27 176 250 6.93 9.84 162 229 6.38 9.02 6 105 148 4.13 5.83 125 176 4.92 6.93 114 162 4.49 6.38 7 74 105 2.91 4.13 88 125 3.46 4.92 81 114 3.19 4.49 8 52 74 2.05 2.91 62 88 2.44 3.46 57 81 2.24 3.19 9 37 52 1.46 2.05 44 62 1.73 2.44 40 57 1.57 2.24 10 26 37 1.02 1.46 31 44 1.22 1.73 28 40 1.10 1.57 A8 A6 A7 A5 A3 A4 A0 A1 A2 The ISO A series