VILLE B.P. : 43 Douala Téléphone 33 42 18 50 COMMUNAUTE URBAINE UNIVERSITE DE YAOUNDE I CLUVA WORKSHOP Urban Participatory Climate Change Adaptation Appraisal Methodology, Social Vulnerability, Institutions and Governance SOCIAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT : CASE OF DOUALA CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th December 2011 Roger TCHANGANG
SOMMAIRE I. Presentation of Douala city II. Main natural hazards and their major causes in Douala area I. Floods II. Landslide, gullies and soil erosion III. Some notable floods in Douala IV. Drivers of social vulnerability in Douala V. Overview of local governance CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 2
I. PRESENTATION OF DOUALA CITY Douala is the largest city in Cameroon and the capital of Cameroon's Littoral Region The city is located on the banks of the Wouri River, at 30 km from the Atlantic Ocean. The two sides linked by Bonaberi Bridge. 4000 mm yearly average rainfall Yearly average rainy days : 180 days (heavy season : june-sept) Total area of about 300 km² with a flat relief in general 2,400,000 inhabitants CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 3
II. MAIN NATURAL HAZARDS AND THEIR MAJOR CAUSES IN DOUALA AREA II.1. Floods Bed overflow of streams in the lowlands and valleys with flat bottoms, related to the anarchic occupation of urban space ; Difficulty of stormwater drainage due to clogging gutters in urbanized perimeters and high rate of waterproof area. CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 4
II. NATURAL HAZARDS AND THE MAJOR CAUSES IN DOUALA AREA (2) II.1. Floods (2) Obsolescence of drainage works Non-regular cleaning of drains CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 5
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 6
II. NATURAL HAZARDS AND THE MAJOR CAUSES IN DOUALA AREA (3) II.2.Landslides, Gullies and soil erosions Anthropogenic pressures, topography soil geological characteristics, rainfall Discharge of industrial wastewater. CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 7
III. SOME NOTABLE FLOODS IN DOUALA Month an year Districts of the main areas flooded July1990 DOUALA II (Nkolmitag, PK 5) August 1993 DOUALA II et III (Tergal, Nkolmitag, Brazzaville, New Bell, Dibom, Soboum, Bilongué, Madagascar) 09.08 2009 - Météo June & July 1996 August 1998 DOUALA II, III, IV et V DOUALA II, III et V 2 et 3 August 2000 DOUALA I, II, III, IV et V 2002 DOUALA II, III, IV et V 09 August 2009 DOUALA I et V (Akwa, Bonapriso, Bonanjo, Bali, Cité des palmiers). 2010 22 july DOUALA II, III, IV et V CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 8
III. SOME NOTABLE FLOODS IN DOUALA (2) Bonapriso flooding ( Météo area ) : 9 th August 2009 CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 9
IV. DRIVERS OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY IN DOUALA IV.1 Demography 2 400 000 inhbts, 80% of the urban population of the littoral region live in Douala. Strong population growth (4.87% in 2005) IV.2 Urbanization Development plan exceeded Extension of the urban area outside the administrative boundaries (300 km ²) ; uncontrolled occupation Occupation of risk areas Densification of the population in non aedificandi areas whithin the most exposed districts to natural hazards CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 10
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IV. DRIVERS OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY IN DOUALA (2) IV.4 Revenue, living conditions and poverty rates HDI: 0.5 in 2007 (153rd / 182) ; Poverty rate: 5.5% (among the lowest in Cameroon in 2007); Rate decreasing since 1996 (Threshold: 269 443 FCFA / eq. Adult / year). Decrease of the poverty rate in urban development VS development of low salaries jobs in the informal sector. 71% of the population of working age are active (80% M / 60% W). 74% of jobs are provided by the informal sector; 36% of formal jobs provided by the national private sector are based in Douala ; Unemployment is estimated at 16.2% for the 15-64 years (10.1% for men and 23.5% for women). CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 12
IV. DRIVERS OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY IN DOUALA (2) IV.6. Roads 1800 km of road, only 470 paved (26%) of which 150 km represents the structuring network road. Weakly meshed network: deficient secondary and tertiary network roads ; Highways obsolete and severely damaged causing traffic jams ; Limited financial resources of CUD and lack of maintenance strategy ; Limited ability to intervene in case of occurrence of a disaster. CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 13
IV. FACTEURS STRUCTURELS DE LA VULNERABILITE SOCIALE (suite) IV.7. Housing Most homes have walls and floors made of concrete. 29% of homes are made of wood Carabott (wood assembled horizontally) ; The majority of households have improved sanitation facilities (latrines equipped). 34.4% of homes have one bedroom, 46.5% of homes have 2 to 3 bedrooms ; 19.1% have 4 bedrooms and more.). CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 14
ZONES A RISQUES CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 15
V. LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW V.1. DOUAL CITY COUNCIL (CUD) Decentralized public authority and a legal entity created by the decree of September 24, 1987 N 87/1366, with a legal personality and financial autonomy; Under the authority of the Government Delegate appointed by a presidential Decree, Operates under the supervision of the State representative, the council is in charge of local affairs for economic, social and cultural development of its population ; mainly concerned with the proper operation of all community facilities of the city CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 16
V. LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW V.2. Operating mechanism The CUD covers an area divided into six district municipalities (CA), which the sixth is insular CUD has a municipal council acting as the deliberative organ. Its members are drawn from the councils of the six CA ; They are involved in the decision making process regarding the investments politics and the campaign plan to be implemented by the government delegate Each CA also has a municipal Council ; The elected Councillors represent their people, They defend their populations interests through the power of validation they have on the adoption of the campaign plan and communal activities. CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 17
V. LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW (2) V.2. Operating mechanism (2) Improvement of local governance system: the government delegate instituted a Platform for collaboration CUD-CA mayors ; The main target is to harmonize interventions in the city between the CUD and the CA and discuss permanently on some particular social issues Implementation of a proximity policy through the participatory approach: Public consultation as part of various ongoing studies within the CUD ; Permanent sensitization of social actors, prior to any development work starts in the city in general and road maintenance, stream drainage in particular.. CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 18
V. LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW (2) V.3. What s going on and next? Almost six years ago, the CUD undertook a yearly campaign aiming at : cleaning gutters and all the drains of Douala, clearing off the population located on the bed and neighborhood of some drains, and gutters. CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 19
V. LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW (2) V.3. What s going on and next? Many projects are currently underway, as every years, for Rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, Several studies are completed and other ongoing to improve governance by providing the CUD moderns urban planning tools : CDS PDU, PDU-POS, AGENDA 21, SDA, etc... CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 20
BIBLIOGRAPHY Communauté Urbaine de Douala, Plan de Directeur d Urbanisme de Douala Programmation, nov 2009 Communauté Urbaine de Douala, Stratégie de développement de la ville de Douala (CDS), 2009 Communauté Urbaine de Douala, Plan de Déplacement Urbain - 2010 COMMUNAUTÉ URBAINE, ETUDE DU SCHÉMA DIRECTEUR D ASSAINISSEMENT DE LA VILLE DE DOUALA ET MAÎTRISE D ŒUVRE D UNE TRANCHE PRIORITAIRE DES TRAVAUX (RAPPORT DÉFINITIF PHASE 1), NOVEMBRE 2011. RGPH 3 (Recensement Général de la Population et de l Habitat ) (2005) dont les résultats ont été publiés fin 2010, et RGPH1 (1976) et RGPH2 (1987) ECAM (Enquête camerounaise auprès des Ménages)1,2 et 3 (2000-2007), EESI (Enquête sur l Emploi et le Secteur Informel) (2005) et CAVIE (Enquête sur le Cadre de Vie) (2002) menées par l INS Personnes consultées : Jean YANGO (CUD), Dr BAHA (UD), OLINGA (UD), DOMBOR (UD), METEKE Aymard and Christine MOUDIKI (CUD). CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 21
Thank you for your kind attention CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG 22