WLHS/A&P/Oppelt Name Lymphatic System Practice 1. Figure 12-1 provides an overview of the lymphatic vessels. First color code the following structures. Color code in Figure 12-1 Heart Veins Lymphatic vessels/lymph nodes Arteries Blood capillaries Loose connective tissue around blood and lymph capillaries Identify in Figure in 12-1 Lymph capillaries, Lymphatic collecting vessels, Valves, Lymph Duct, Lymph node, Vein 2. Circle the term that DOES NOT belong in each of the following groups. a. blood capillary lymph capillary blind-ended permeable to protein b. edema blockage of lymphatics inflammation abundant supply of lymphatics c. Neutrophils Macrophages Phagocytes Natural Killer Cells d. Redness Pain Swelling Itching Heat e. Inflammatory chemicals Histamine Kinins Interferons f. Intact skin Intact mucosae Inflammation First line of defense g. Interferons Antiviral Antibacterial Proteins
3. Match the terms with the correct descriptions. More than one choice may apply. 1. A blood reservoir A. Lymph nodes 2. Monitor composition of lymph B. Peyer s patches 3. Located between the lungs at the base of the throat C. Spleen 4. Collectively called MALT D. Thymus 5. Prevents bacteria from breaching the intestinal wall E. Tonsils 6. The largest lymphatic organ 7. Filter lymph 8. Particularly large and important during youth; helps to program T cells of the immune system 9. Found in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract 10. Removes aged and defective red blood cells 4. In Figure 12-3, identify the following structures of a lymph node: Germinal centers of follicles Hilum Cortex (other than germinal centers) Medullary cords Capsule and trabeculae Afferent lymphatics Efferent lymphatics Sinuses (subcapsular and medullary)
5. Figure 12-4 diagrams the events involved in the inflammatory response. Assume the following events have already occurred: tissue injury and invasion of microbes, and release of inflammatory chemicals by mast cells. Each subsequent is represented by a square with one or more arrows. From the list below, write the correct number in each even square in the figure. Then, color-code the structures that appear below the numbered list. 1. WBCs are drawn to the injured area by the release of inflammatory chemicals 2. Tissue repair occurs 3. Local blood vessels dilate, and the capillaries become engorged with blood. 4. Phagocytosis of microbes occurs. 5. Fluid containing clotting protins is lost from the bloodstream and enters the injured tissue area. 6. Diapedesis occurs Identify the following in the figure: monocyte, epithelium, erythrocyte(s), neutrophil(s), macrophage, subcutaneous tissue, endothelium capillary, microorganisms, fibrous tissue repair. 6. Match the term with the correct description of the nonspecific defenses of the body. More than one choice may apply. 1. Have antimicrobial activity A. Acids 2. Provide mechanical barriers B. Lysozyme 3. Provide chemical barriers C. Mucosae 4. Entraps microorganisms entering the respiratory passages D. Mucus 5. Part of the first line of defense E. Protein-digesting enzymes F. Sebum G. Skin
7. Check ( ) all phrases that correctly describe the role of fever in body protection. 1. Is a normal response to pyrogens 2. Protects by denaturing tissue proteins 3. Increases metabolic rate 4. Reduces the availability of iron and zinc required for bacterial proliferation 8. Match the description with the correct inflammatory response. 1. Accounts for redness and heat in an inflamed area A. Chemotaxis 2. Inflammatory chemical released by injured cells B. Diapedesis 3. Promotes release of white blood cells from the bone marrow C. Edema 4. Cellular migration directed by a chemical gradient D. Fibrin mesh 5. Results from accumulation of fluid leaded from the E. Histamine bloodstream 6. Phagocytic offspring of monocytes F. Increased blood flow to an area 7. Leukocytes pass through the wall of capillary G. Inflammatory chemicals (including E) 8. First phagocytes to migrate into the injured area H. Macrophages 9. Walls off the area of injury I. Neutrophils 9. Determine whether the following situations are examples or descriptions of passive immunity (P) or active immunity (A). 1. An individual receives Sabin polio vaccine 2. Antibodies migrate through a pregnant woman s placenta into the vascular system of fetus 3. A student nurse receives an injection of gamma globin after she has been exposed to viral hepatitis 4. Borrowed immunity 5. Immunologic memory is provided 6. An individual suffers through chickenpox 10. There are several important differences between the primary and secondary immune response(s). Identify if the following statements are primary (P) or secondary (S) immune responses. 1. The initial response to an antigen; gearing-up stage 2. A lag period of several days occurs before antibodies specific to the antigen appear in the bloodstream 3. Antibody levels increase rapidly and remain high for an extended period 4. Immunologic memory is established 5. The second, third, and subsequent responses to the same antigen
11. T cells and B cells exhibit certain similarities and differences. Place a check ( ) the appropriate spaces in the table below to indicate the lymphocyte type that exhibits each characteristics. Characteristics T Cell B Cell Originates in bone marrow from stem cells called hemocytoblasts Progeny are plasma cells Progeny include regulatory, helper, and cytotoxic cells Progeny include memory cells Is responsible for directly attacking foreign cells or virusinfected cells Produces antibodies that are released to body fluids Bears a cell-surface receptor capable of recognizing a specific antigen Forms clone upon stimulation Accounts for most of the lymphocytes in the circulation 12. Match the following terms with the correct descriptions. 1. 2. 3. 4. A protein released by macrophages and activated T cells that helps to protect other body cells from viral multiplication Any types of molecules that attract neutrophils and other protective cells into a region where an immune response is ongoing Proteins released by plasma cells that mark antigens for destruction by phagocytes or complement A consequence of the release of histamine and of complement activation A. Anaphylatic shock B. Antibodies C. Chemotaxis factors D. Complement 5. C and G are examples of this class of molecules E. Cytokines 6. A group of plasma proteins that amplifies the immune response by causing lysis of cellular pathogens once it has been fixed to their surface F. Inflammation 7. Class of chemicals released by macrophages G. Interferon 13. Several populations of T cells exist. Match the correct T cell with the descriptions below. Answer may be used more than once. 1. Binds with and releases chemicals that activate B cells, T cells, and macrophages 2. Activated by recognizing both its antigen and selfprotein presented on the surface of a macrophage A. Helper T cell B. Cytotoxic cell 3. Turns off the immune response when the enemy has C. Regulatory cell been routed 4. Directly attacks and lyses cellular pathogens D. Memory T cell 5. Initiates secondary response to a recognized antigen
14. The figure below is a flowchart of the immune system response that tests your understanding of the interrelationships of that process. Several terms have been omitted from the schematic. Complete the figure by inserting appropriate terms from the key choice below. NOTE: oval blanks indicate that they are a cell type while the rectangular blanks represent the names of chemical molecules. Cell Types: B cell, Helper T cell, Cytotoxic T Cell, Macrophage, Memory B cell, Memory T cell, Neutrophils, Plasma cell Molecules: Antibodies, Chemotactic factors, Complement, Cytokines, Interferon, Perforin