Appendix 8 Format for Mandatory Disclosure (FOR MBA)

Appendix 8 Format for Mandatory Disclosure (FOR MBA) 1 AICTE File No. Northern Region/1-3874176/2010/EOA Date & Period of Last Approval Aug 23, 2010 (2010-11) 2 Name of Institution INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE Address of Institution G.T. ROAD, MOHAN NAGAR, City & Pin Code Sate/UT Longitude & Latitude GHAZIABAD-201007 UTTAR PRADESH 28.40 N & 77.28 E Phone Number with STD Code 0120-4174900 Fax Number with STD Code 0120-4174913 Office hours at the Institution Academic hours at the Institution Email Website Nearest Railway Station (dist in Km) Nearest Airport (dist in Km) 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM 9:00 AM to 5:30 PM itsmn.mgmt@its.edu.in, registrar.mn@its.edu.in www.its.edu.in GHAZIABAD (5 K.M. APPROX) 40 K.M. APPROX 3 Type of Institution Private-Self Financed Category (1) of the Institution Category(2) 4 Name of organization Running the Institution Type of Organization Address of Organization Registered with Non Minority Co-Ed DURGA CHARITABLE SOCITY Society GOODWILL BUILDING, G.T. ROAD MOHAN NAGAR GHAZIABAD-201007 REGISTRAR FIRM & SOCIETY, U.P., MEERUT

Registration Date 14/3/1995 Website of the organization 5 Name of the affiliating University MAHAMAYA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, NOIDA (FORMERLY UTTAR PRADESH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY) Address Website C-22, SEC-62 NOIDA, GAUTAM BUDH NAGAR (U.P.) uptu.ac.in & uptu.nic.in Latest affiliation period 2010-11 6 Name of Principal/Director DR. B.P. PETHIYA Exact Designation DIRECTOR Phone number with STD Code 0120-4174900 FAX number with STD Code 0120-4174913 Email Highest Degree Field of Specialization bppethiya@its.edu.in PGDM ( IIM-A), Ph.D FINANCE

7 Governing Board Members Dr. D.V.Singh Former Vice Chairman, AICTE, New Delhi Director, IIT, Roorkee Chairman Dr. R.B.L.Goswami Former Vice Chancellor C.C.S. University, Meerut Dr. Pritam Singh Former Director-MDI, Gurgaon Former Director-IIM Lucknow Dr. M.P. Gupta Former Faculty, FMS Delhi University, Delhi Dr. K. Subramanian IT Advisor to CAG of India New Delhi Dr. M.M.Pant Former Pro Vice Chancellor IGNOU, New Delhi Dr. Abad Ahmed Former Pro Vice Chancellor Delhi University, Delhi Sh. S. Sood Chief Administrator I.T.S The Education Group Nominee of the Affiliating Body/University/.State Board of Technical Education Nominee of the State Government from the Region (Industrialist/Technologist/Educationist Dr. Vineet Kansal Professor Institute of Technology and Science Sh. Neeraj Aggarwal Sr. Vice President, NIIT Ltd. New Delhi The Regional Officer (Ex-Officio) AICTE, Kanpur Nominee of State Govt. Director, Technical Education, (Ex-Officio) Govt. of U.P., Lucknow Dr. R.P. Chadha Chairman I.T.S The Education Group Sh. Sohil Chadha Vice Chairman I.T.S The Education Group Sh. Arpit Chadha Vice Chairman I.T.S The Education Group Sh. B.K. Arora Secretary I.T.S The Education Group Nominee of the Council, approved by the Chairman of the Council from the panel of the Region to be nominated by the Regional Committee (Industrialist/Technologist/Educationist) Dr. Sapna Rakesh Professor Institute of Technology and Science Dr. B.P.Pethiya Director Institute of Technology and Science Member Secretary

Frequency of meetings & date of last meeting Twice in a Year 16.05.2010 8 Academic Advisory Body AS ABOVE Frequency of meetings & date of last meeting Twice in a Year 16.05.2010 9 Organisational Chart ORGANIZATION CHART ACADEMIC COUNCIL / ADVISORY BOARD DIRECTOR GENERAL DIRECTOR I.T. DIRECTOR MANAGEMENT FACULTY FACULTY

10 Student feedback mechanism on Institutional Governance/faculty performance In order to maintain high integrity in the system, we follow online feedback system in MBA. The feedback is taken twice in the semester. The results are collected & analysed by the system. Based on the survey results, which are made available in a timely manner by the instant feedback system, results are shown to the concerned faculty so that the prompt teaching improvements can be made. The feedback format is as under. Detail Report on Feedback Date Faculty Name Subject Name SEMESTER: Course: Section Parameters 1.The Syllabus and learning objective were properly defind with clarity about the depth in each 2. Coverage of sylabus is through,comprehensive and done in time 3.The Faculty act as a role model and regular without missing any class. 4.The faculty clearly set fourth his/her expectationsof the students. 5.The faculty is able to handle the doubts and clarifications quite effectively and satisfactorily 6 Faculty voice and expression are loud and clear. 7.The faculty is able to control the class and create confidence among the students 8.Outside the class the faculty provides help in solving my problems. 9.The class is interactive with faculty providing enough opprtunity for the two way communication. 10. The faculty uses teaching aids (Like White board, OHP, Power point etc.) effectively. 11. Faculty is very systematic, objective and unbiased in my evaluation Average score on above 11 parameters

12.Overall evalulation for the faculty for the course is? Note : The above scores are on a scale of 1 to 5 Note : Number of students appeared in the feed back Signature Name of faculty Date 11 Grievance redressal mechanism for faculty, staff and stufdents DIFFERENT COMMITTEE ARE FORMED. I.E. COMMITTEE FOR WOMEN CELL, STUDENTS GRIVANCE/SERVICE CELL, HOSTEL COMMITTEE ETC. 12 Name of Department * MANAGEMENT Course Level MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PG 1 st Year of approval by the council 2004 Year wise Sanctioned Intake YEAR INTAKE 2008-09 60 2009-10 60 2010-11 120 Year wise Actual Admissions YEAR INTAKE 2008-09 60 2009-10 60 2010-11 120 Cut of marks-general Quata YEAR (UPSEE Exam conduct by UPTU) 2008-09 89to 670 rank admitted (Minim, Max) 2009-10 142 to 6402 rank admitted (Minim, Max) 2010-11 647 to 6454 rank admitted (Minim, Max) % Students passed with Distinction YEAR % of Students passing out with Distinction 2008-09 1.72 2009-10 15.6 2010-11 Exam to be held. % Students passed with first class YEAR % of Students passing out with First Class

First Class 2008-09 48.27 2009-10 45.00 2010-11 89.09 Students placed YEAR No of students placed 2008-10 38 2007-09 41 2006-08 42 Average Pay package, Rs/Year YEAR Average Pay package, Rs/Year 2008-10 2,30,000/- 2007-09 2,50,000/- 2006-08 2,50,000/- Students opted for Higher Studies Accreditation status of the course Doctoral Course Foreign Collaboration, if any Professional Society Memberships Professional Activities Consultancy Activities Grants Faced NA ACCREDITATION APPLICATION SUBMITTED to NAAC NO NO YES N/A N/A N/A AICTE GRANTS FOR SEMINAR AND CONFERENCE S.No. Name of the Scheme(s) 1. Grant in aid for Organizing Seminar 2 Grant in aid for Organizing Staff Development Programme 3 Grant in aid for organizing seminar 4 Grant in aid for organizing seminar 5 Grant in aid for organizing Conference Grant sanctioned (Amount & Date) Rs. 1,25,000/- (18-02-2010) Whether utilization certificate submitted, if yes amount for which submitted YES, Rs. 1,25,000/- Rs.2,00,000/- (30-12-2009) Rs. 1,25,000/- (31-03-08) Grant utilized Rs. 1,25,000/- Rs.2,00,000/- Rs. 1,25,000/- Yes, Rs.2,00,000/- Rs. 1,25,000/- (20-10-2008) Rs. 1,00,000/- (18-11-2008) Rs. 1,25,000/- Rs.1,00,000/- YES, Rs. 1,25,000/- Yes, Rs.1,00,000/- YES, Rs. 1,25,000/- Major impact Thriving in Today s Economy : Indian Financial Sector Advanced Data analysis through Data Analysis Software Need For HR Renaissance in India Next Generation computing Technology Emerging Business Strategies road map and road blocks for

6 Grant in aid for organizing seminar Rs.1,00,000/- (09-02-08) Rs.1,00,000/- Yes, Rs.1,00,000/- Indian subcontinent National Seminar on Impact of Information Tech. on Society Literary Activities : September 13, 2010 Felicitation Ceremony Organized for PGDM, PGDM-RM & MBA Students Felicitation Ceremony for the students of PGDM, PGDM-RM & MBA second year was organized on 13th September, 2010 in the Auditorium of the institute. Ceremony was inaugurated by the Director General Prof.S.K.Gupta and Director Management Dr.B.P.Pethiya of the institute. Initially Director Management Dr. Pethiya introduces the scheme of performance Improvement. Speaking on the occasion Director General Prof. Gupta appreciates the efforts of the students and encourages them to improve their academic performance in a healthy competitive manner. In MBA programme, Students who stood among top-3 in the combined result of I & II semesters were awarded with scholarship and certificate of merit. In PGDM Programme top-10 students from each section based on their performance in I & II Semesters examinations were awarded with Certificate of merit and meritorious awards. In PGDM-Retail Management top-5 students who shown significant performance in II Semester over I semester were awarded with certificate of appreciation and meritorious award in the function.director General, Director Management & respective Chairpersons of PGDM, PGDM-RM & MBA gave away the Scholarship Cheques, Performance Improvement Certificate and Meritorious Awards to the students. September 15, 2010 Guest lecture by Mr. Ritesh Kumar,Deputy Manager,BSE(Bombay Stock Exchange for MBA and PGDM students. Mr. Ritesh kumar has given a power point presentation on the history of BSE, SEBI & capital market. He explained how we can invest our money in primary and secondary market. He elaborated the different mode of investment, the different category of stocks and how prices are determined. He discussed about the penny stock, do s and don ts, principle of safe investment, what makes a great investment. He advises to invest in the stock market for the long term. The session was interactive and learning. October 1, 2010 Guest Lecture by Col. K.S. Khatana for PGDM, PGDM(RM) & MBA Students Col. K.S. Khatana (Head-HR) of Harig India visited I.T.S Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad on Saturday, October 1, 2010 for delivering a guest lecture as a part of industry interface on the topic Leadership in 21st Century to PGDM, PGDM(RM) & MBA 2nd year students. Col. Khatana shared his valuable industrial experience with the students for preparing good Leader. He emphasized that no doubt traditional leadership (and traditionally minded books on how to lead) will continue, but in the modern organization, everyone is a team member and every one is a project manager. So everyone needs to learn and to exhibit leadership. Director General Prof.S.K.Gupta & Director Management Dr.B.P.Pethiya were also present during the lecture. Guest lecture was co-ordinated by Prof. Durba Roy(CRC),Prof.Mukesh Porwal(Chairperson PGDM), Dr.V.N.Bajpai (Chairperson PGDM-RM) & Dr.Raghvendra Dwivedi (Chairperson MBA). October 4, 2010 Brainstorming -A Case Study Competition was organized for senior students of MBA.

As a part of Growth and Self Development & to Prepare the students for future Competency this event BRAIN STORMING- A Case study Competition was Organized for Senior Students of MBA on 04th October 2010 under the guidance of Dr. Raghavendra Dwivedi ( Chairperson - MBA). This event was conducted by Rohit verma. In this event 15 teams(4 Member each), were there. After giving the presentation by each team on the given topic, Finally the team of Swati gupta, Sweta j dubey, Tej pratap & Umesh kumar chaurasia, won the First Prize and the team of Vikas pandey, Vikas yadav, Vijay Baskar & Umesh kumar tiwari Won the second prize. There was a tie for the Third position between the team of Ankita tripathi, Ankit rajput, Amita kumar singh & Amit kumar and the team of Gaurav Mehta, Dharmveer singh, Joginder pal singh & Hemant kumar. The entire event was coordinated by Prof Vinita Srivastava. Prof A.R Mishra & Prof Shalini singh were the judges for this event. October 18, 2010 Management Quiz held on 18th October 2010 for MBA I Sem students. As part of self development and to assess current competency level, management quiz, was organized for Ist year students of MBA on 18th of October 2010. This time, the theme was on Corporate and Financial Sector. The quiz was conducted by Rohit Verma,Joginder Singh,Shahnawaz and Neeraj Ojha. 44 students has participated in the quiz.after number of rounds- the team of Manish Chadda, Ankit Goel,Amit Kumar and Sanchit of MBA 20010-12 batch grabbed the first position. The entire event was coordinated by Dr. Tanushree Sharma. October 20, 2010 Mind development workshop for MBA I Semester students. Mind development workshop was conducted for the MBA I Semester students. Some important tools and techniques were suggested in the workshop through which one can improve physical as well as mental efficiency. Human mind is a great source of power that can help anyone achieve great heights if used with precision and caution. Some meditation exercises were also demonstrated for the students through which they can improve their reading skills and increase their concentration. Students were also involved in relaxation practice with the help of audio based meditation technique. October 31 and November 1, 2010 National HR Seminar on Revisiting HR Practices in the Current Scenario of Optimism The Department of Management organized a two days seminar titled Revisiting HR Practices in the Current Scenario of Optimism on 31st October and 1st November 2010 at I.T.S premises. Mr.Sanjay Diwan, Director Strategy, AGC Networks was the Chief guest and Mr. Abhay Saxena, AVP-TQM and Training and Development, Hero Corporation was the key note speaker in the inaugural session. There were two technical sessions, followed by a panel discussion on the first day of the seminar. Mr. Sandeep Tyagi, Director HR, Haier appliances,dr. H.S, Sharma, DG, Lord Krishna Group, Dr. A. R.Dubey, Professor, Skyline University, Dubai, were the key speakers in the first technical session on Business Leadership while Mr.AviragJain, VP HR, R. Systems, Ms. Indrani Nath, Reliance Communication and Mr. Hinanshu Saxena, CEO and Founder, Maverik Consulting were the distinguished speakers for the second technical session on Empowering HR through ICT. The facilitator for panel discussion was Mr. Murlidhar Shyam, Director HR, ATC while Dr.P. U.B. Rao, Senior Professor, Mr.Sunit Saxena, AGM-HR, Idea Cellular and Mr. H.S.Yadav, AVP-HR, DS Group were the other members of panel discussion. There was a paper presentation contest for faculty and students on second day. Compendium was also released during the seminar. Papers were presented and were examined by the senior academicians. More than 40 papers from various Business Schools and Universities were entertained which came from Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Tamilnadu and Delhi. The best papers were awarded with cash prize of Rs.10000, Rs.6000, Rs.4000/- to faculty members and cash prize of Rs.5000, Rs. 3000 and Rs. 2000/- to students. October 31 and November 1, 2010 MBA Student won IIIrd prize In National HR Seminar Ms. Ankita Tripathi ( student of MBA IIIrd Semester) won IIIrd prize for her research paper titled Beyond the Room : Possibility of Internalized Training under the category of students ( Certificate and Cash Rupees Two Thousand) in the National Seminar on H R held at ITS, Mohan Nagar Ghaziabad on 31/10/10 and 01/11/10.She emphasized that how beyond the room training changes the behaviour of employees.it is more effective as compared to class room training.it is organized at hill station,jungles,picnic spots etc.people learn it with fun.director general Mr. S.K. Gupta,Director management Dr. B.P. pethiya,chairperson MBA Dr Raghvendra Dwivedi and Coordinator MBA Dr. Tanushree Sharma congratulated her for winning the prize. November 12-13, 2010 MBA Ist Semester participated in National Business Olympiad organised by Smart Sim with collaboration of IIM, Ahemdabad Mr. Rohit Sharma, Mr. Manish Kumar Rai and Ms. Krishna Singh of MBA Ist Semester ( Batch 2010-12) participated in National Business Olympiad organised by Smart Sim with collaboration of IIM, Ahemdabad held on 12-13 November,2010 at Indraprastha Institute of Engineering, Sahibabad (Ghaziabad - U.P)

November 13, 2010 MBA 3rd Semester presented paper on the Topic "Role of Personal Integrity on Corporate Governance in Public Ltd. Companies Ms. Ankita Tripathi student of MBA IIIrd Semester ( Batch 2009-11) presented her paper on the Topic "Role of Personal Integrity on Corporate Governance in Public Ltd. Companies in National Seminar on "Corporate Social Responsibility in Current Economic Scenario" held at Bharat Institute of Technology, Meerut on 13th November,2010. November 13, 2010 a workshop organised for MBA 3rd Semester students having Finance Specialisation. A workshop on "Technical Analysis of Stocks" has been conducted for finance specialisation students of MBA on 13 th November,2010 in Seminar Hall of ITS, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad. The facilitator of this workshop was Mr.Somnath Dey, VP, Religare Securities. 13 Name of Teaching Staff* Designation Department Date of Joining the Institute Qualification with Class/Grade Total Experience in Years Paper Published ENCLOSURE Paper Presented in Conference PhD Guide? Give field & University PhDs / Project Guide Books Published/IPRs/Patents Professional Memberships Consultancy Activities Awards Grants Fetched Interaction with Professional Institutions 14 Admission quota* THOURGH UPSEE EXAM 85 % Entrance test / admission criteria THOURGH MAANAGEMENT & NRI 15% AS PER UNIVERSITY NORM Cut off / last Candidate admitted YEAR Cut of marks (UPSEE Exam conduct by UPTU)) 2008-09 670 2009-10 6402 2010-11 6454

Fees in rupees YEAR FEE 2008-09 80,000/- 2009-10 80,000/- 2010-11 90,000/- *Provisional Fees subject to decision of Fees Fixation Committee,Govt. of UP Number of Fee Waivers offered Admission Calendar PIO quota Nil AS PER UNIVERSITY CALENDER Yes / No 15 Infrastructural Information ^ Classroom/Tutorial Room facilities Laboratory Details Computer Centre facilities Library facilities Auditorium / Seminar Halls / Amphi-- Cafeteria Indoor Sports facilities Outdoor Sports facilities Gymnasium facilities Facilities for disabled Any other facilities 16 Boys Hostel Girls Hostel Medical & other Facilities at Hostel 17 Academic Sessions JULY 2010-DECEMBER 2010 & JANUARY 2011 TO JUNE 2011. Examination system, Year/Sem Period of declaration of results AS PER UNIVERSITY GUIDELINES DECLARED BY UNIVERSITY (GENERALLY IN THE MONTH OF JULY AND FEBRUARY OF EACH YEAR)

18 Counseling/Mentoring Annexure Enclose INSTITUTE HAS PUT THE CONCEPT OF FACULTY ADVISORS FOR STUDENTS. FACULTY ADVISORS AND GROUP OF ALLOCATED STUDENTS HAVE BEEN FORMED. A LIST INDICATING THE ADVISORS AND LIST OF ASSOCIATED STUDENTS IN ENCLOSED WITH THIS MAIL FOR YOUR KIND PERUSAL. ADVISORS ARE EXPECTED TO TAKE APPROPRIATE STEPS SO THAT OVERALL DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS IS ENSURED. THESE MAY INCLUDE: 1. TO MAKE REGULAR INTERACTION WITH STUDENTS 2. KEEPING TRACK OF REGULARITY IN THE CLASSES (ATTENDANCE) 3. IF STUDENTS ARE FOUND MISSING REGULARLY, PHONE CALLS TO THEIR PARENTS MAY BE MADE TO APPRISE THEM ABOUT THEIR WARDS 4. ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE ASSOCIATED STUDENTS (IN SESSIONAL EXAMS AND UNIVERSITY EXAMS) 5. PARTICIPATION IN EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES OF STUDENTS 6. OVERALL CONDUCT OF THE STUDENTS IN THE INSTITUTE 7. OTHER ACADEMIC ISSUES IF STUDENT HAVE SHOULD BE TAKEN CARE OF 8. CAREER COUNSELING OF THE STUDENTS TO HELP THEM IN IDENTIFYING THEIR STRENGTHS AND WORK UPON SO THAT THEY ARE BETTER PREPARED AND MOTIVATED TOWARDS THEIR ACHIEVING THEIR CAREER PROSPECT. 9. ANY OTHER ACTIVITY THAT ADVISORS MAY LIKE TO TAKE UP IN THIS REGARD Career Counseling CAREER COUNSELING OF STUDENTS ARE DONE AT VARIOUS LEVELS IN THE INSTITUTE. PRIMARILY FACULTY ADVISORS ARE ENGAGED IN THE COUNSELING OF THEIR STUDENTS. COURSE CHAIRPERSON AND THE DIRECTORS ARE ALSO MEET AND COUNSEL STUDENTS PERIODICALLY. IN ADDITION REGULAR COUNSELING IS DONE BY THE CORPORATE RESOURCE CELL OF THE STUDENTS WHICH ULTIMATELY ASSISTS AND LOOKS AFTER THEIR FINAL PLACEMENTS ALSO. Medical facilities Students Insurance YES YES 19 Students Activity Body FOLLOWING STUDEN ACTIVITY BODIES ARE WORKING: a) Student Cultural Event Abhishek Kumar

Section A Asmita Srivastava Ajay Mittal Annushri b) Sports activity Shivam Jauhari Shalin Gupta Brijendra Singh Anamika c) Subject Progress Report Monitoring Principle and Practices of Management Ritika Marketing Management Kumar Himank Managerial Economics Manik Chadda Financial Accounting Swati Singhal Communication for Management Asmita Business Statistics Sachin Agarwal Organisation Behavior Saurabh Singh Computer Application in Management Sudhanshu Singh Section B Principle and Practices of Management Ishan Marketing Management Soumya Verma Managerial Economics Alok Financial Accounting Shivam Mendevell Communication for Management Asmita Srivastava Business Statistics Vivek Tiwari Organisation Behavior Samip Tiwari Computer Application in Management - Anuj d) Students Erievances Cell Subhi Gupta Sumit Verma Ishan Kumar Km. Pooja Rana e) Anti Ragging Kritika mall Kumar Ravi Ranjan

Shweta Jain Shailesh Sharma f)literary activities Guljar Malik Himanshu Goel Bableen Kaur Bhatia Manik Chadha Subject Class representative : Section A Principle and Practices of Management Ritika Marketing Management Kumar Himank Managerial Economics Manik Chadda Financial Accounting Swati Singhal Communication for Management Asmita Business Statistics Sachin Agarwal Organisation Behavior Saurabh Singh Computer Application in Management Sudhanshu Singh Section B Principle and Practices of Management Ishan Marketing Management Soumya Verma Managerial Economics Alok Financial Accounting Shivam Mendevell Communication for Management Asmita Srivastava Business Statistics Vivek Tiwari Organisation Behavior Samip Tiwari Computer Application in Management - Anuj Magazine / Newsletter 1. Institute published a bi-annual journal Synergy A Journal of IT & Management. 2. A quarterly news letter is also published by the institute to provide the information about the institutional activities and developments taking place. Technical activities / Tech Fest 1. Institute organizes regular workshops/ Training Sessions/ Guest Lectures and Special lectures for Students. 2. Faculty Development Programmes are also organized for faculty members of the institute. 3. Faculty Members are also encouraged and supported to participate in the events and activities organized by other institutes and activities. Industrial Visits / Tours

INDUSTRIAL VISIT cum ADVENTUROUS TRIP for MBA students Industrial Visit : August 12, 2010 An Industrial Visit to Parle Biscuits for MBA (2009-2011) Batch MBA III Semester students had an industrial visit on 12th August 2010 to Parle Biscuits Pvt. Ltd., Delhi Rohtak Road, Bahadurgarh. There were 58 students and 3 faculty members. On reaching Parle students were addressed by the H R Manager Mr. Vishal Joshi and thereafter a short documentary film was shown to the students featuring history and infrastructure of Parle Biscuits Pvt. Ltd. Then students were allowed to take a look of the manufacturing unit and its processing from the glass due to hygiene factor. It was a learning experience for all the students. Alumni Activities 20 Name of the Information officer for RTI Designation Phone number with STD code Fax number with STD code Email Alumni Meet is organized every year which is witnessing increasing participation of our Alumni. Recent Alumni Meet was held on 10 th October, 2010 in which about 150 Alumni participated. MR. V.K. SAXENA REGISTRAR 0120-4174900 0120-4174919 registrar.mn@its.edu.in CAY- Current Academic year * Repeat this template for each Department/Staff # Repeat this template for additional quota, if any ^ Add photographss